1、Example:Beginning in the 14th Century,the Renaissance had a great impact on European civilization.1.Look at this sentence.Remember that the underlined word is a non-finite verb.1)Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 15031506,the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.2)Architects preferred desig
2、ning buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.Now underline the non-finite verbs in these sentences.3)During the Renaissance,philosophers began asking questions like“What is a person?”or“Why am I here?”4)He produced astonishing drawing
3、s of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later.Which non-finite verb phrases:(a)contain ing forms?(b)contain ed forms?(c)are used as subjects?2,3,41no2.Read the sentences in Activity 1 again and answer the questions.(d)are used as objects?(d)are used as adjectives?2,34非谓语动词包括
4、非谓语动词包括_、_和和_。它们的基。它们的基本用法在前几册已经进行了比较全面本用法在前几册已经进行了比较全面的总结。本册主要补充以下几点：的总结。本册主要补充以下几点：动词的动词的-ing形式形式不定式不定式动词的动词的-ed形式形式1.作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与 动词的动词的-ing形式的区别形式的区别 作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与作主语、宾语和表语时，不定式与 动词的动词的-ing形式经常可以互换，但形式经常可以互换，但 在有些情况中存在如下区别：在有些情况中存在如下区别：1)不定式作主语、宾语和表语时表示具体不定式作主语、宾语和表语时表示具体 的、一
5、次性或将要发生的动作。的、一次性或将要发生的动作。e.g.Its not good for you to smoke.抽烟不好。（具体情况）抽烟不好。（具体情况）Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是提高粮食产量。我们现在的任务是提高粮食产量。(将要将要发生的动作发生的动作)He prefers to stay at home today.今天他宁愿呆在家里。今天他宁愿呆在家里。(一次性的动作一次性的动作)2)动词的动词的-ing形式作主语、宾语和表形式作主语、宾语和表 语时则表示抽象的、经常性的动作或语时则表示抽象的、经常性的
6、动作或 一般情况。一般情况。e.g.Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止吸烟。（一般情况）此地禁止吸烟。（一般情况）Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子。（经常性的动作）他们的工作是盖房子。（经常性的动作）They prefer walking to cycling.他们宁愿走路，不愿骑车。（一般倾向）他们宁愿走路，不愿骑车。（一般倾向）2.不定式作定语不定式作定语1)作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。关系。e.g
7、.The next train to arrive was from New York.It was a game to remember.2)名词前有名词前有only,last,next,序数词或形容词序数词或形容词最高级时最高级时,其后常用不定式作定语。其后常用不定式作定语。e.g.Rita was the only person to complain.He was the first man to fly across the Atlantic.3)有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式，因而它也常跟不定式作定语。因而它也常跟不定式作定语。e.g.Their o
8、ffer to assist in the work was not taken seriously.(比较：比较：They offered to assist in the work.)3.动词动词-ing形式作定语可表示正在进行的形式作定语可表示正在进行的动动 作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经常存在的状态。作以及经常存在的状态。e.g.The woman sending her children to school is my history teacher.A little child learning to walk often falls.He
9、 mistook me for a friend,causing me some embarrassment.4.过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经发生的动作。发生的动作。e.g.Weve met the doctors sent to work here by the city hospital.5.不定式作状语不定式作状语,常表示目的、结果常表示目的、结果等。作结果状语时等。作结果状语时,常用常用“only+不定不定式式”结构结构,表示未曾预料到的或令人表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。不快的结果。e.g.Alan lifted a rock only to dr
10、op it on his own feet.6.动词动词-ing形式或过去分词作状语时，可以形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。其前可用连词伴随情况等。其前可用连词while,when,once,if,unless等。等。e.g.Being a student,he was naturally interested in museums.Seen through the eyes of a young friend,Einstein was a simple,modest and ordinary man.Sh
11、e got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.These sentences,if analysed differently,will make no sense.7.动词动词-ing形式表示正在进行的活动形式表示正在进行的活动或反复的动作，而不定式则表示整个或反复的动作，而不定式则表示整个活动或事件的全过程。活动或事件的全过程。e.g.I heard him talking to his mother when I passed.I saw him go out and disappear into the rain.8
12、.感官动词和使役动词后要接省略感官动词和使役动词后要接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把语态时，需把to补出来。补出来。e.g.Someone saw Mary enter the building about the time the crime was committed.Mary was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.9.非谓语动词独立结构非谓语动词独立结构 非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语常常
13、是名词或代词，置于这种逻辑主语常常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语动词非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语动词独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。e.g.With so many children to look after,the mother has to quit her job.The guide leading the way,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.When in trouble,Sadie would sit alone,head bent.Leonardo was born
14、 in a small town in Tuscany,in the center of Italy.At school his teachers were astonished/astonishing by his talent.But Leonardo thought his progress was disappointed/disappointing because he hadnt learnt enough.Activity 3 on P18Underline the correct form of the verb.So instead of relaxing/relaxed e
15、venings spent with friends,Leonardo preferred studied/studying Latin by himself.He was good at everything:he was a strong athlete and he had a fine sung/singing voice.But he was especially interested/interesting in painting.When he was 14 he went to work for the well-known artist Verrocchio and soon
16、 became a greater artist than his master.His first known drawing,showing/showed a valley in Tuscany,is astonished/astonishing.It shows a completely new approach to perspective.The scene looks real.Activity 4 on P19Complete the passage with the correct phrase from the box and compare your answers wit
17、h your partners.a stolen page delighted Finding the October page illustrated with a hunting sceneMeasuring just 130mm 95mmshowing religious days 10mThe beautifully illustrated Sforza HoursThe lost pagesLost Page Found After 500 YearsA 15th century Italian Renaissance book costing(1)_ has finally bee
18、n completed after(2)_ was returned to the rest of the book.10ma stolen page(3)_was started around 1490 but at least three pages were stolen from the artist before it was finished.(4)_ were discovered 65 years ago and until this year one stayed in a private collection.The British Library paid 191,000
19、 to a private US dealer for the final page.The beautifully illustrated Sforza HoursThe lost pages(5)_,the book is thought to be one of the librarys greatest treasures.It contains a calendar(6)_ alongside pictures for each month.The final page October is(7)_,a typical activity for the time of year.Me
20、asuring just 130mm 95mmshowing religious daysillustrated with a hunting scene“The Sforza Hours is one of the greatest Renaissance books,”said Scot McKendrick of the British Library.“(8)_ ends a 500-year search and we are(9)_ that all parts of the Hours have now been returned to the British Library.”
21、Finding the October pagedelighted1)To find out why Mona Lisa is smiling is a puzzle to a lot of art lovers.2)What Renaissance artists were interested in was to get new ideas.1.Look at the sentences and answer the questions.3)The word Renaissance was used to describe a period in European history.4)Th
22、e King of France asked Leonardo to do scientific research.(a)What form of non-finite verbs are used in all the underlined phrases?The infinitive.Yes.(b)Can this form of non-finite verbs be used to express purpose?(c)Can this form of non-finite verbs be used after certain passive verbs?Yes.Sentence 1
23、.(d)In which sentence is the underlined phrase the subject of the sentence?1)Leonardo decided _(become)an artist when he was a boy.2)He used _(draw)everything he saw around him.to becometo draw2.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.More than one form may be possible.
24、3)He went to France _(work)for the King.4)When he got there,he gave up _(paint).5)The Renaissance artists taught us _(see)nature in a new way.6)They stopped _(follow)the old rules about color and perspective.to seefollowingpaintingto work7)They began _ _(experiment)with light and shade.8)The increas
25、e in international trade helped Renaissance ideas _ _(spread)quickly.9)Many artists agreed _(work)for wealthy patrons.spread/to spreadto work to experiment/experimenting10)Today lots of people enjoy _(go)to art galleries.11)You promised _(take)me to the Louvre!12)I suggest _(read)about the Renaissan
26、ce before we go.to take readinggoing3.Read the sentences in Activity 2 again and answer the questions.decided,used,went,taught,began,helped,agreed,promised1)Which verbs are followed by the infinitive?2)Which verbs are followed by the ing form?gave up,stopped,began,enjoy,suggestbegan3)Which verbs are
27、 followed by either the infinitive or the ing form?4.Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs.Vesalius Vesalius was born in Brussels and went to Paris(1)_(complete)his medical training.He became Professor at Padua University in Italy,an important centre for(2)_(train)doctors during th
28、e Renaissance.to completetrainingVesalius had met artists who were studying the bones of the human body and(3)_(cut up)bodies to make their paintings more lifelike.He said it was important for doctors(4)_(examine)human bodies(5)_(find out)how they work.cutting up to examine to find outAs the Catholi
29、c Church did not allow this,Vesalius had to remove dead bodies that were(6)_(bury).He even stole a body from a prison(7)_(study).Vesalius wrote a great book called“The Fabric of the Human Body”,(8)_(describe)how parts of the body work.buried to studydescribingThe famous artist Titian produced over 2
30、00 drawings,(9)_(show)the human body in greater detail than ever before.(10)_(print)in 1543,the book was soon available in every medical school in Europe.showingPrintedHis work encouraged other scientists to become more(11)_(question).After Vesalius it became more important(12)_(study)how the human
31、body works.to studyquestioning1.I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman _(wear)a mask.(重庆重庆2015)2._(work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(天津天津2015)wearing Having worked 3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without _(recognize
32、).(北京北京2014)4._(learn)more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(福建福建2015)being recognized To learn 5.There are still many problems _ _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(北京北京2014)6.The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.(重庆重庆2013)7.Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing.but we seem _(lose)the art of communicating face-to-face.(上海上海2011)to besolved to have gone to be losing 1.Review Grammar.2.Finish the exercises in the workbook.
