1、The attributive clause引导定语从句的关系代词的用法：引导定语从句的关系代词的用法：that which who whom whose 1.在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。A plane is a machine that can fly.The noodles that I ate were delicious.Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.2.在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。在从句
2、中作主语或宾语，指物。They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish which we bought were not fresh.3.who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语，代指人在从句中分别作主语和宾语，代指人(口口语中语中who也可作宾语也可作宾语)。The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.The boy who broke the window is called Michael.The person to whom you j
3、ust talked is Mr.Li.Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.4.whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物在从句中作定语，指人或物Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.This is the boy whose position the teacher talked of.This is the book whose cover is blue.关系代词关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介
4、词宾语作介词宾语The boss in whose pany my father worked is a very kind person.1.The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.which/thatwho/thatWhi
5、ch/that4.A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.5.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6.Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhose引导定语从句的关系副词的用法：引导定语从句的关系副词的用法：why,when,where 1.where 表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，它在定表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后
6、，它在定语从句中做地点状语语从句中做地点状语This is the school where(=at which)I used to teach.What is the name of the town where(=in which)we stayed last night.2.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。Tell me the time when the train leaves.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.Do you remember the days which/
7、that we spent on the farm?3.why表示原因，通常跟在表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。后引导定语从句。I dont know the reason why he left here.1.Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play _,of course,made the others unhappy.2.I shall never forget the days _ I lived in the country with my parents.3.The factory _ his brothe
8、r works lies in the south of the city.4.They took care of the old man _ son lost his life in the fire.5.I dont know the reason _ he didnt e.6.Is that the reason _ he gave to you?whichwhenwherewhosewhywhich7.Hangzhou is a city _ there is a beautiful lake.Hangzhou is a city _ have a beautiful lake.8.T
9、his is the factory _ my father works.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.9.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.I still remember the day _ we spent together.wherewhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhenwhich/that that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。
10、I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时
11、。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。(5).当先行词既包括人又包括物时当先行词既包括人又包括物时eg.They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(6)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用which,另一个用另一个用that 避避免重复。免重复。He built up a fac
12、tory which produced things that had never been seen before.(7)主句是主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.(8)先行词为先行词为what,关系代词用关系代词用that.What that is on the table belongs to me.有时为了避免重复而使用有时为了避免重复而使用that 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。Which is the car that hit
13、the boy?Who was the man that she danced with?Compare the following pairs of sentences and find the differences between them.My daughter,who studies in the United States,rang me yesterday.My daughter who studies in the United states rang me yesterday.She told me something that happened yesterday.She
14、told me something untrue,which made me angry.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句表意表意起限定作用，若被省起限定作用，若被省去，原句意义不完整。去，原句意义不完整。起说明补充作用，若被起说明补充作用，若被省去，原句意义不受影省去，原句意义不受影响。响。功能功能修饰先行词修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个主句修饰先行词或整个主句形式形式无逗号与主句分开无逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开可以用可以用thatthat引导引导不能用不能用thatthat引导引导1.He gave me a pen he bought yes
15、terday.2.He gave me a pen,which he bought yesterday.He changed his mind,which made me very angry.They rely on themsevles,which is much better.He has to work on Sundays,which he doesnt like.He is studying economics,which knowledge is very important today.Tom spent four years in college,during which t
16、ime he learned German.I passed him a large glass of whisky,which he drank immediately.Can you see a woman in a hat,whom Mr.Li is speaking to?Its a family of eight children,all of whom are studying music.Weve tested three hundred types of boots,none of which is pleted waterproof.He has two brothers,b
17、oth of whom are living in Beijing.1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago?A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway,that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later,was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which3.John said hed been working in the lab for an hour,_ was true.A.that B.whichC.
18、whoD.what4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie,_,of course,made the others very happy.A.who B.whichC.thatD.what 5.Chongqing is the city _ she lived when she was young.A.where B.whichC.whenD.how 6.Do you know the reasons _ he came back?A.how B.whichC.thatD.why 一、一、as引导限制性定语从句引导限制性
19、定语从句主要结构有：主要结构有：the sameas;asas;suchas;soas主句中出现主句中出现the same,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。在定语从句中做主语或宾语。1.Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。我们昨天要找的是同一个人。2.Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢那种书吗？你有我们喜欢那种书吗？4.She will marry as healthy a man a
20、s she can find.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。5.There is so warm a house as we want to live in.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。当当 the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词可用修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词可用as,也可用也可用that。用。用that表示他所引导的内容与先行词所讲表示他所引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同一个；用的事物是同一个；用as既可表示既可表示“同一同一”又可表示又可表示“同同类类”。This is the
21、 same bicycle that I have lost.这是我丢失的那辆自行车。这是我丢失的那辆自行车。This is the same bicycle as I have lost.这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。二、二、as引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾中或句尾 1.As everyone knows,China is a beautiful country with a long history.每个人都知道，中国是一个
22、有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2.The earth,as we know,moves round the sun.地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。3.Tom works hard and is willing to help others,as we all know.汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语做主语be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed.As is known to all,TaiWan is part o
23、f China.as引导非限制性定语从句，有引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列的含义，因此，下列句式多用句式多用as as has been said above 如上所说 as anybody can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样1.Things are not always as they appear.事情并不一直像他们表面那样。2.The boy has as much progress as we had expected.正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。关系代词做介词的宾
24、语时关系代词做介词的宾语时(prepwhich/whom)关系代词关系代词whom,which 在从句中做介词宾语时，在从句中做介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟他所修饰的词，也可以把介词使关系代词紧跟他所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。放在从句中有关动词的后面。The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.b.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，借此仍放含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，借此仍放在动词之后。在动词之后。a.Is this the watch wh
25、ich he is looking for？c.关系代词关系代词that 在从句中做介词宾语时，在从句中做介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面中有关动词的后面The city that she lives in is very far away.d.关系代词关系代词whose 也可以在从句中与它所也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起做介宾短语修饰的名词一起做介宾短语The boss in whose pany my father worked is a very kind person.限定性定语从句中，引导词的省略限定性定语从句中，引
26、导词的省略1、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可被省略。、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可被省略。I like the book you gave me yesterday.2、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时也可被省略。、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时也可被省略。China is no longer the country it used to be.He is not an honest man you thought him to be.3、there be或或here be句型中，修饰主语的定语从句，其关系代句型中，修饰主语的定语从句，其关系代词可省略。词可省略。There are some st
27、udents asked the same question.Here is Mr Smith takes care of our class.4、关系代词作补语时可被省略。、关系代词作补语时可被省略。He was no fool you thought him.She is not the pretty girl you found her ten years ago.5、在时间名词后的关系副词、在时间名词后的关系副词when常被省略。常被省略。This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.By the time he
28、was five,he was able to recite many poems.6、在先行词、在先行词way后面的关系副词后面的关系副词how或关系代词或关系代词that/in which常常 被省略被省略The way you look at problems is wrong.Thats the way you learned English.7、在先行词、在先行词reason后面的关系副词有时可以省略。后面的关系副词有时可以省略。That is the reason(why)I did it.8、关系副词、关系副词where有时可以省略。有时可以省略。This is the place we met yesterday.I dont like the place we went last week.
