1、B7U5-Grammar Revise the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause-21.Review the fundamentals about the Attributive clause,esp.the difference between Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause2.Review how to choose proper prepositional word in Pattern “prep.+relative word”used in Attributive clause3
2、.Pay closer attention to more specified differences concerning the Attributive Clause4.Do some exercises to put whats reviewed into practiceTask for this periodObserve and tell 1.Xie Lei,who is 21 years old,has come to our university to study for a business qualification.2.She is halfway through the
3、 preparation year,which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.3.Living with host families,in which there may be other college students,gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.Non-restrictive Attributive ClauseWhy do we need to learn Non-restrictive attri
4、butive clause?1.He has two sons who work in the factory.2.He has two sons,who work in the factory.3.She doesnt like to ask questions which make her boss angry.4.She doesnt like to ask questions,which makes her boss angry.5.This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.6.He is Engli
5、sh,which I know from his accent.7.He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.8.He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.ambiguousperplexinggrammatically correct but meaningfully confusing to some extent nonsenseDifference between Restrictive AC&Non-res
6、trictive AC Restrictive Attributive ClauseRestrictive Attributive ClauseNon-restrictive Attributive ClauseNon-restrictive Attributive ClauseMeaningMeaning 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉,主句主句的意思就不完整。的意思就不完整。只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明。只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明。如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。主句的意思仍然完整。C
7、onstitutionConstitution不用不用“，”隔开。隔开。用用“，”隔开。隔开。FunctionFunction修饰先行词修饰先行词(antecedent)(antecedent)。既可修饰先行词既可修饰先行词(antecedent),(antecedent),也可修饰整个也可修饰整个主主句句(main clause)(main clause)或或主句的部分内容主句的部分内容。Relative Relative wordswords关系代词关系代词:that that,which,who,whose,whom,aswhich,who,whose,whom,as关系副词：关系副词：
8、when,where,why when,where,why关系代词：关系代词：which,whose,whom,who,aswhich,whose,whom,who,as关系副词：关系副词：when,where when,where(1)(1)不用不用that,whythat,why。指指物时要用物时要用whichwhich代替代替that,for whichthat,for which代替代替whywhy。(2)(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词替代情况不同关系代词关系代词whomwhom在从在从句中作宾语时不可用句中作宾语时不可用whowho代替。从句中先行词代替。从句中先行词指人时指人时
9、,关系代词只能用关系代词只能用whowho或或whomwhom。(3)(3)所有关所有关系代词均不可省略系代词均不可省略。(4)as(4)as与与whichwhich的区别。的区别。TranslationTranslation先译定语从句先译定语从句,后译先行词后译先行词,常译常译“的的”。常翻译常翻译为为并列句并列句。1.He has two sons who work in the factory.2.He has two sons,who work in the factory.3.She doesnt like to ask questions which make her boss
10、angry.4.She doesnt like to ask questions,which makes her boss angry.5.This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.6.He is English,which I know from his accent.7.He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others.8.He will wear no clothes,which will make him differe
11、nt from others.Translation他有两个他有两个在工厂工作在工厂工作的的儿子。儿子。他有两个儿子他有两个儿子,他们他们在工厂工作。在工厂工作。她不喜欢问她不喜欢问使老师生气使老师生气的的问题。问题。她不喜欢问问题她不喜欢问问题,这这让老师很生气。让老师很生气。这是他昨天为儿子买这是他昨天为儿子买的的电脑。电脑。他是英国人他是英国人,那是那是我通过他的口音知道的。我通过他的口音知道的。他不会穿一些他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同使他显得与众不同的的衣服。衣服。他不穿衣服他不穿衣服,这这会使他会使他显得与众不同。显得与众不同。Implied meaning:He has more
12、than two sons.Implied meaning:He has only two sons.More to be aware of 1.Most people didnt vote for him,which disappointed him.2.I have told them the reason,for which I changed my mind.3.This is the man(whom/who/that)we are talking about.4.The young man had a new girlfriend,whom he wanted to impress
13、.5.She has an elder brother,who is an English teacher.6.This is a good film(which/that)I saw a few days ago.7.The summer holiday,which were looking forward to,is drawing near.1.He has passed the college entrance examination,which makes his parents quite happy.2.Lucy will attend a friends wedding,whi
14、ch she is busy preparing now.3.As is known to everybody,the moon is smaller than the earth.4.Avatar is a very successful film,as is known to all.5.Avatar,as we all know,is a very successful film.Situation1-the difference between the relative words“as”and“which”used in Non-restrictive Attributive cla
15、use as which指代引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导从句即可指代整个主句的内容是,也可指代主句的一部分。位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导从句不能置于主句之前意义正如正如这，那这，那功能连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句as we all know=as is well known as you can see 如你所见如你所见as we expect 正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的正如经常发生的as I can remember 正如我所记得的正如我所记得的as h
16、as been said before 如前所述如前所述as is expected 正如预料的那样正如预料的那样as can be seen 正如所见正如所见as is often the case情况常常是这样情况常常是这样as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样正如所指出的那样 Situation 2 prep.+relative words 1.He is the man on whom you can rely.2.He lost the book on the way home,for which he paid$10.3.She lost all the
17、money,without which she couldnt go to Beijing.4.He showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of which had taken more than three years.5.Jack was good at German,French and English,all of which he spoke fluently.6.She brought her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.The babies
18、 whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.1.依据定语从句中依据定语从句中动词动词或或形容词形容词等所需要的某种等所需要的某种习惯搭配习惯搭配来确定来确定.2.根据根据句意句意或或先行词与介词的搭配先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定习惯来确定.3.表示表示“所属所属”关系或关系或“整体与部分整体与部分”关系时，通常用介关系时，通常用介词词of.4.表示表示同位关系同位关系时时.1.句意句意2.从句中动词或形容词与介词
19、的搭配关系从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配关系3.先行词和介词的搭配关系先行词和介词的搭配关系()()from where.我们上到屋顶，从那儿我们可以一览城市的风景。我们上到屋顶，从那儿我们可以一览城市的风景。We went up to the top of the hill,from where we had a good view of the city.生动，形象，具体，符合英语习惯生动，形象，具体，符合英语习惯We went up to the top of the hill,from which we had a good view of the city.()()=and from
20、 on the top of the hill=,from on the top of which=，where 但语义较为含糊但语义较为含糊from where是指是指从某处从某处.（指（指大概的大概的地方地方）from which 是是从哪个从哪个.（指（指具体的具体的东西东西，不能代替地点，时间，原因。，不能代替地点，时间，原因。）He hid himself under the bed,where he could hear what they were talking about.He hid himself under the bed,from where he could hea
21、r what they were talking about.在床边？在床上？在床下？在床边？在床上？在床下？=and from under the bed=,from under whichPractice-11.The earth is round,_circles round the sun.2He is such a person_always helps others without claiming a reward,_ makes him popular in the community.3.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_wh
22、ich we may return in the near future.4.He referred to me some reference books_which I am not very familiar.5.He had two sons,both of _are college students.6.He had two sons and both of _are college students.7.The family,at _ house I stayed,are friends of my fathers.8.We showed great pity to the poor
23、 old man,for_life was hard in the past.9.He forgot to bring his pen with him,_was often the case.10.This is the house _ _I once lived two years ago.11.There are many websites,_ _you can find almost all the necessary information.aswhichtowithwhichwhomaswhosethemfrom wherein whichwhom There was a time
24、 1_ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2_ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3_ I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my t
25、hings and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide,4_ teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from 5_ I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other
26、teenagers and set down a series of activities 6_ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7_ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8_ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English disc
27、ussions.Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages,through 9_ I can memorize a large number of new words.10_ our English teacher says,As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will conquer English sooner or later.”Practice-2whenwhywherewhosewhichthat/which
28、whowhichwhichAsSummary After this period,we have 1.had a good review of the basic knowledge about the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.2.got a clear idea on the choice of proper prepositional word in Pattern “prep.+relative word”used in Attributive clause.3.had a better understanding about the Attributive clause in many situations.4.consolidated whats revised through practice.Thanks for your attention!
