1、定语从句专讲1.定语定语 句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化的词。句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化的词。eg.an English book a young Chinese writer the boy in the classroom a girl called Alice the woman wearing a red coat something to eat I know the boy whose father is a doctor.形容词形容词 形容词形容词介词短语介词短语过去分词短语过去分词短语现在分词短语现在分词短语动词不定式短语动词不定式短语句子句子Eg.The object
2、 _(place)in the box is a fan _(make)of feathers.object 物体物体 feather 羽毛羽毛placedmade从上述例子可以 看出：1.定语可以是定语可以是 ，也可以是，也可以是2.定语的位置，定语的位置，3.若是若是 充当定语，就叫充当定语，就叫 。单词单词,短语短语句子句子。可以在所修饰的单词可以在所修饰的单词前前也可以在单词也可以在单词后后句子句子 定语从句定语从句前前后后1.定语从句的结构I have some photos that I took in Australia last year.我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。The
3、 horse that I rode was lazy.我骑的那匹马很懒。Hes the boy who won the photo competition last year.他就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩。A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and away.一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土 与他乡”这一主题的奖项。The horse that I rode was lazy.Hes the boy who won
4、the photo competition last year.A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and away.从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：+先行词先行词引导词引导词从句从句从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：从上述几句可以看出定语从句的结构是：先行词先行词+引导词引导词+从句从句 名词，代词，或相似于名，代的词名词，代词，或相似于名，代的词先行词先行词指人用指人用who/that
5、,先行词先行词指物用指物用which/that引导词引导词,有有关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词两种，放在两种，放在先行词先行词及定语从句之间及定语从句之间起连接作用起连接作用,同时在定语从句中充同时在定语从句中充当当句子成分句子成分。关系代词关系代词有有who(人人-主格主格),whom(人人-宾格宾格),whose(人人-所有格所有格),which(物物),that(人人/物物)。关系副词关系副词有有where(地点地点),when(时间时间),why(原因原因)。所有的关系代词和副词都译成所有的关系代词和副词都译成“”2.定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词的的Eg.The man wh
6、o lives next to us is a teacher.You must do everything that I do.We will never forget the day when we visited our headmaster.先行词先行词()定定 语语 从从 句句先行词先行词()定语从句定语从句先行词先行词 ()定语从句定语从句人人物物时间时间 3.引导词在从句中的成分引导词在从句中的成分 先行词先行词在从句中要充当一个在从句中要充当一个句子成分句子成分，引导词引导词在句中代替先行词在句中代替先行词充当成分充当成分，先行词，先行词是是主语主语，引导词就作，引导词就作主语
7、主语，先行词是，先行词是宾词宾词，引，引导词就是导词就是宾词宾词。Eg.Jim likes the car.（宾语）（宾语）The car was bought for him by his father last year.（主语）（主语）Jim likes the car that was bought for him by his father last year.主句主句从句从句主语主语 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize.Attributive clause引导
8、词在从句中引导词在从句中作主语作主语先行词是先行词是物物 The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min.Attributive clause先行词是先行词是物物引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作宾语作宾语由此，我们可以看出：由此，我们可以看出：which引导的定语从句修饰的是引导的定语从句修饰的是无生无生命的东西命的东西。which在从句中的成分是在从句中的成分是可以作可以作主语主语，也可以作，也可以作宾语宾语。Hes the boy who won the photo compet
9、ition last year!下面我们再看一个句子：下面我们再看一个句子：Attributive clause先行词是先行词是人人引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作主语作主语I know the boy who I met in the street yesterday.先行词是先行词是人人引导词在从句中引导词在从句中作宾语作宾语Attributive clause由此，我们可以看出：由此，我们可以看出：如果如果先行词是人先行词是人，那么定语从句的引，那么定语从句的引导词就可以是导词就可以是who/whom。例如：例如：Do you know Mr Zhang who(m)they like v
10、ery much?注意：注意：当当who在从句中在从句中作宾语作宾语时，在时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用可用who了。了。不管定语从句不管定语从句修饰修饰的是的是人人还是还是物物，如果，如果引导词在从句中作宾语引导词在从句中作宾语，通常就，通常就可以省可以省略略。例如：。例如：Is that the car(that/which)you bought last month?那是你上个月买的车吗？那是你上个月买的车吗？A friend is a person(who/whom)you know very well and like.朋友是你十分了解并且
11、喜欢的人。朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语若引导词在从句中若引导词在从句中作主语作主语时就时就不能省略不能省略，否则会造成结构混乱。否则会造成结构混乱。Id love to have parents who understands me.我希望父母理解我。我希望父母理解我。He can make lessons that are usually boring interesting.他通常能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。他通常能把枯燥乏味的课讲得生动有趣。作主语作主语作主语作主语注意：注意：在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在在定语从句中作宾语的引导词在口语中口语中往往往往被省略被
12、省略，但在，但在正式文体中正式文体中常常常常被保留被保留。在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下况下that和和which都可以通用都可以通用,但但在下在下列情况下列情况下,一般一般用用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something that you can borrow.1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等等不定代词时不定代词时。4.只用只用that 的情况的情况Ive read all the books that are
13、not mine.2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no 等修饰时等修饰时。3.先行词被先行词被序数词或最高级序数词或最高级修饰时修饰时。This is the first book that he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.4.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时修饰时。5.先行词为先行词为人和物的组合人和物的组合。They talked for an hour of things and persons that they rem
14、embered in the school.Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting?6.若若主句中有疑问代词主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which,为了避免重复为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。1.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.the thing B.that B.C.what D.which 【解析】【解析】先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,其限定性定语其限定性定语从句应由关
15、系代词从句应由关系代词that引导引导,在该定语在该定语从句中充当主语。从句中充当主语。B2.The student _ won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.A.the thing B.that C.what D.which 【解析】【解析】指人时有时只用指人时有时只用who不宜用不宜用that。但是。但是一个句子中带有两个定语从句一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一其中一个定语从句的关系代词是个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜另一个宜用用who,以免重复。以免重复。B 改写定语从句的方法改写定语从句的方法 Jim likes the car.（宾语）（宾语）The car was bought for him by his father last year.（主语）（主语）Jim likes the car that was bought for him by his father last year.主句主句从句从句
