1、基本句型基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主）主+动（动（SV）例如：）例如：I work.我工作。我工作。2）主）主+动动+表（表（SVP）例如：）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。约翰忙。3）主）主+动动+宾（宾（SVO）例如：）例如：She studies English.她学英语。她学英语。4）主）主+动动+宾宾+补（补（SVOC）例如：）例如：Time would prove me right.时时
2、-间会证明我间会证明我是对的。是对的。5）主）主+动动+间宾间宾+直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）例如：）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。给我做了一件新衣裳。1.1.主主+动（动（SVSV）常见的）常见的不及物动词:rise wait sleep depend rain smile die walk dance 等等.例句例句:1)The sun has risen.2)太阳升起来了太阳升起来了.2)The red sun has risen in the east.鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了.3)The boy
3、 is smiling.男孩在笑男孩在笑.4)The little boy is smiling happily.这个小男孩在高兴地笑这个小男孩在高兴地笑.1.They are talking.()2.Betty looks very beautiful.()3.We call my pet Mimi.()4.The children were playing happily()5.Danny can swim.()6.He has gone.()7.The leaves is turning green.()8.Your room should keep clean.()2.2.主主+系系+
4、表（表（SVPSVP）1).1).本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可.常见常见的系动词有的系动词有:be,become,taste,get,grow,go,seem,loo:be,become,taste,get,grow,go,seem,look,feel k,feel 等等.例句例句:1)They 1)They are students.他们是学生他们是学生.2)The old men seem happy.这些老人看起来很幸福这些老人看起来很幸福.3)when spring comes,it gets warm.当春天来时当春天来时,天气会变暖天气会变暖
5、.2)2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是其次是介词短语和不定式短语介词短语和不定式短语,有些名词性从句也可有些名词性从句也可以作表语以作表语.例句例句:nThe pretty girl The pretty girl looks happy.n 这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴.nShe become a scientist.n 她成为一名科学家了她成为一名科学家了.nThis book is about learning English.n这本书是关于学英语的这本书是关于学英语的.1.They are talking.()2.Bett
6、y looks very beautiful.()3.We call my pet Mimi.()4.The children were playing happily()5.Danny can swim.()6.He has gone.()7.The leaves is turning green.()8.Your room should keep clean.()3.3.主主+动动+宾（宾（SVO)SVO)常见的及物动词常见的及物动词:love say take sell know call order draw 等等.例句例句nShe She is washing clothes.n她在
7、洗衣服她在洗衣服.nI saw a beautiful girl.n我看见一个漂亮的女孩我看见一个漂亮的女孩.nTom watches TV every evening.n汤姆每天晚上看电视汤姆每天晚上看电视.nShe doesnt like her brother.n她不喜欢她哥哥她不喜欢她哥哥.nSpeak English,please.n请讲英语请讲英语.nThe house was built last year.n这座房子是去年建的这座房子是去年建的.nWill you help me?n你会帮助我吗你会帮助我吗?nMost of us enjoy English very much
8、.n我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语.1.I didint like tigers.()1.I didint like tigers.()2.They haved already reached Beijing.()3.I read my son a story every night.()4.Danny sent his teacher some beautiful flowers.()5.Jenny can sing the song.()6.My father bought me a new bike yesterday.()7.Are you reading new
9、spapers?()8.I am going home.()4.4.主主+动动+宾宾+补（补（SVOCSVOC）常用的及物动词有）常用的及物动词有:call,find,get,keep,feel,see,hear,listen to,call,find,get,keep,feel,see,hear,listen to,look at,have,make,let look at,have,make,let 等等.例句例句:nWe selected We selected John our monitor.q我们选约翰当我们的班长我们选约翰当我们的班长.nThe sun keeps us warm
10、.n太阳使我们感到温暖太阳使我们感到温暖.nHe made the boy laugh.q他使男孩笑了他使男孩笑了.nHe told me to come earlier.n他让我早点来他让我早点来.nThe student keep their classroom clean.n学生们保持教室干净学生们保持教室干净.nA cold kept him in bed for three days.n一次感冒让他卧床三天一次感冒让他卧床三天.5.5.主主+动动+间宾间宾+直宾（直宾（SVOiOdSVOiOd）常接双宾语）常接双宾语的动词的动词:give,show,tell,teach,pass,b
11、uy,:give,show,tell,teach,pass,buy,lendlendn1)1)英语中有些及物动词要求跟两个宾语英语中有些及物动词要求跟两个宾语(双宾语双宾语),),即直接宾语和间接宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语.n例句例句:nMy mother bought me a pen.n我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔.nThe clerk asked me my address and telephone number .n那位职员问我的地址和电话号码那位职员问我的地址和电话号码.nPlease pass him the book.q请把那本书递给他请把那本书递给他.2)2)一
12、般情况下一般情况下,间接宾语位于直接宾语前间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但有时但有时,间接宾语可置于直接宾语后间接宾语可置于直接宾语后,此时此时,间接宾语前要加间接宾语前要加toto或或for.for.例句例句:qMr Smith told me an interesting story.Mr Smith told me an interesting story.nMr Smith told an interesting story to me.q史密斯先生给我讲了一个有趣的故事史密斯先生给我讲了一个有趣的故事.nI bought her a beautiful skirt.nI bought a
13、beautiful skirt for her.q我给她买了一件漂亮的裙子我给她买了一件漂亮的裙子.常接双宾语常接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词的动词n间宾前加间宾前加toto的动词有的动词有:nsell,feed,bring,read,pass,teach,give,take,show,send,tell,write,find,throw n间宾前加间宾前加for for 的动词的动词有有:n sing,make,get,buy,choose,return,cook,pick,order,call,leave,hand 练习练习:下列句子分别属于哪一句型下列句子分别属于
14、哪一句型.A.A.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(+(+状语状语)B.B.主语主语+谓语谓语(+(+状语状语)C.C.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(+(+状语状语)D.D.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语(+(+状语状语)E.E.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(+(+状语状语)n()1.The flower smells sweet.()1.The flower smells sweet.n()2.I visited my teacher last Sunday.n()3.They are dancing.n()4.Mrs.Black helped
15、his son brush his teeth.n()5.Jenny bought a watch for ()5.Jenny bought a watch for him.him.n()6.His mother sent him a new watch.n()7.I often hear her sing in the next room n()8.The girl opened the door.n()9.Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan.n()10.She looks like her mother.n()11.You should study hard.()1
16、1.You should study hard.n()12.The children play football on the playground every afternoon.n()13.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.n()14.We painted the wall white.n()15.He asked me to go swimming with him.n()16.On Sunday many people ()16.On Sunday many people have a walk in the park.have a walk in the park.n()17.Miss zhang has taught us maths for two years.n()18.Tom and John are the best students in our class.n()19.He did everything to help the poor.n()20.She asked me my telephone number.
