1、初中英語語法填空解題技巧在中学英语学习过程中,语法填空一直是许多中学生的困扰,每当临近考试时,考生不知如何复习,考试时也不知道如何下手,所以,语法填空逐漸成为了學生们害怕的题型之一。其实,每种类型的题目都有它的解题思路和技巧,如果我们能掌握好这些方法和技巧,就会发现它并没有想象中的那么困难。语法填空考察的实质上也是学生对词汇知识的综合应用。今天,我们就来一起探讨关于这类体型的解题思路和常见技巧。通常,我們習慣把語法填空分成兩大類。第一類,是已给单词提示题型已给单词提示题型。第二類,是未给单词提示题型未给单词提示题型。對於已给单词提示题型,名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。题型考察的
2、是考生对名词的单复数变化及名词的所有格形式的掌握程度。例如:1.They are going to have a _(matches)with Class Two.解析:由前面的冠詞a可以判断出横线处应填單数,故答案为matches的單數形式match比賽。2.There was little _(milk)in the fridge.解析:little修飾不可數名詞,所以横线处应填修飾不可數名詞的單詞,故答案为名詞的單數形式milk.3.There are many students living at school,the _(child)houses are all far from s
3、choo1.解析:由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。动词的形式变化比较多,分为谓语变化,谓语动词的变化通常包含时态、语态以及语气的变化,非谓语变化包含不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。例如:1.They also thought that the shape of the ears _(show)if a person was musical or not.解析:根据前面的thought可以看出整个句子的时态是过去时,故宾语从句前后时态保持一致,所以这里用show的
4、过去式showed.2.A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.解析:句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。3.It is impossible for us _(make)our country rich and strong without developing education.解析:句It is+adj结构为形式主语结构,后面接
5、动词不定式,故横线处填动词的不定式形式to make。4.In other words,my family _(live)here for more than one hundred years.解析:根据句子意思,此句是说“我家已经在这里住了100多年了”,所以要用现在完成时形式,故横线处填has lived。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式,变化,如no one/none、other/another等。例如:1.The king decided to see the painter
6、by_(he).解析:由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。2.Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring _(they)good luck.解析:根据文章意思及结构可以看出后面用bring sb sth此结构,故这里的sb用宾格形式,故横线处填them.3.Most students ask _(they)parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for their books,accommodation and other cost.解析:根据文章意思
7、可以看出这里要用they的所有格形式their。4.Thirdly,he should receive moral education.If his conduct is not good,_(one)will consider making friends with him.解析:根据文章意思可以看出这里要用”没有人”,所以根据提示词这里应填on one。英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。通过加后缀er和est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least构成比较级和最高级的方式,且最高级还要加上定冠詞the。例如:1.I am_(tall)than Liu We
8、n.He is the tallest students in my class.解析:此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。2.We felt that we were _(happy)men in the world.解析:根據句子意思,是說我們覺得我們是世界上最幸福的人。故此處應填最高級the happiest。3.As a popular saying goes,“Time is money.”In fact,time is _(precious)than money.解析:根據單詞than
9、可以推出,該句的意思是時間比金錢更珍貴,故橫線處應填比較級形式,故填more precious.数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice 例如:1.John lives on the _(fifteen)floor.从句子意思來看,此句要表達的是“約翰住在第15層”,所以這裡要填序數詞,故橫線處填入fifteenth。2.Well have to do it a _(two)time.从句子理解,此句要表達的是“我們不得不第二次做它”,所以這裡要用序數詞做定語來修飾time,故橫
10、線處填入second。3.I go swimming _(two)a week.此句意思為“我每週游泳兩次”,所以這裡要用表示頻率的副詞,故這裡用two對應的頻率副詞twice。4.We go there maybe _(one)or_(two)a month.此句意思為“我们每月大概去那里一到两次。”,這裡要用表示頻率的副詞,故這裡用once,twice。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例如:1.Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was ve
11、ry_(happiness).解析:在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。2.One day,the donkey 47._(sudden)fell down the river and the salt bag also fell into the water.解析:在这道题中,因為副詞修飾動詞,学生很容易判断出该用副词,所以這裡填sudden對應的副詞suddenly。3.His big _(successful)came a few years later with the article Transparent
12、Red Radish.解析:在这道题中,根據句子結構很明顯big後面要填名詞,所以這裡要填入success。固定短語結構通常應用于不給提示詞的題型中,我們需要根据文章上下文推斷出句中横线處的固定搭配,這就需要我們對所學單詞短語掌握熟練。例如:1.The children were playing on the ground,enjoying_,dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enj0y oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。2.His boss was_angry as to fire him.如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,
13、就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.as to.,所以,so是正解。3.American country music is also known _ country western music.根據句子意思,此句應理解為“美國鄉村音樂也被稱為鄉村西方音樂。”根據所學內容,此題考察的是be known as 的用法,“被稱為,以著稱”。所以橫線處填as。4.Also,Wang pointed _that his predictions were made depending on the results of the prior round,so when it comes to the ver
14、y first round,it is always a matter of chance.根據句子意思,這裡王先生是要“指出,提出”,所以橫線處要填寫與point相近的短語point out。从句是語法填空中最为常见的一个考察重點,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例如:1.He did not done _ his father had asked him to do.审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从旬中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。2.Those _ want to go to the village must sign here.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的
15、引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。3.A man _ is dissatisfied with his present condition is always in distress.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为man,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。4.This is the reason _ our parents always encourage us to read more books.经过分析可以判断横线所在为狀语从句的引导词,进一步句子為表示原因的狀語從句,故這裡需填wh
16、y。5.It is true _ we can derive benefits from good books.经过分析可以判断it為形式主語,it實質指的就是we can derive benefits from good books.需用it is true that句型,所以這裡需要填寫that來引導。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例如:1.The US consists _ fifty states.根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由.组成”,所以答案是of。2.Mrs Baker was il
17、l,so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _ of her.生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。3.It is the duty _ every citizen to make the country rich and powerful該句理解為“使國家繁榮富強是每個公民的職責”,it is the duty of表示的職責。4.In this way we will increase our knowledge.Besides,we must be engaged _ sports or outing
18、so as to strengthen our bodies.該句理解為“通過這個方式我們將增加我們的知識,此外,我們必須參加運動或遠足來強化我們的身體。”be engaged in参与;从事于;忙于常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有bothand.,eitheror.,neithernor.,not onlybut also.等。有時語法填空會考察這些關聯詞彙的應用,也需熟練掌握和靈活運用。例如:1.Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_his family was too poor.此处表示原因,引导的分
19、句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。2._ Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both and,故答案为Both。3.Not only does she speak Spanish,shes _ good with computers.她不仅会说西班牙语,还精通计算机。考察Not onlybut also的用法,不僅而且4.My sister is so young_she cant go to school.句子意思為“我妹妹是如此的小以至于不能去上学。”考察so that的用
20、法,所以橫線處應填that。無提示詞的語法填空題,無非就是填冠词,連詞,介詞,副詞。常見冠詞有a,an,the;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:however,never,yet,much等。例如:1.Jackie likes to drive at_ high speed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。2.Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him _ Saturday afternoon.Saturday afterno
21、on是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。3.Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay _ Zhang Wen.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义,故答案为than。4.It was only one day left,_,his father had no idea to answer him.观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以答案是however。語法填空中,還有一種不給提示詞的題目,這種
22、就是考察上下文中出現的相關詞,此類題目是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和所积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末 句,以此类推。例如:1.Tony _ travelling abroad,but dislikes staying home watching TV.解析:由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。2.
23、If anybody is _ satisfied with my viewpoint(s),I shall be greatly surprised at his ways of thinking.解析:由後面一句的意思可以判断,此横线处应该是填入相反的意思,“不滿意”,所以這裡應用否定not satisfied with。3.It is _for us to make our country rich and strong without developing education.解析:根據句子意思和常識判斷該句表達的意思為“沒有教育的發展,我們想要使國家變得繁榮和富強是不可能的”,所以這裡應填入impossible較為合理。Thanks for your listening!