1、语法填空指导(三）构词法使用策略12教学目标 Teaching Objectives 本节课结束时，大家将能够 说明构词法前后缀的功能 列举不同前后缀及说明其意义 根据构词法使用策略填出正确的词性及变形1 构词法 Word Formation2 前缀后缀 Prefix&Suffix3 使用策略 StrategiesCONTENTSCONTENTS目目 录录4 实战演练 Exercises32022-11-7后缀 Suffix0242022-11-7后缀后缀suffix动词后缀(名词/形容词变动词）名词后缀（形容词/动词变名词）形容词后缀（名词变形容词）副词后缀（形容词变副词）Pause and
2、 Think思考片刻 请模仿形容词后缀的内容，找出其他词性后缀及例子A.行为，状态 -tion/-sion:attractattraction,satisfysatisfaction,explain explanation,impress impression -ment:developdevelopment,movemovement,argue argument -ance/-ence:appear appearance,assist assistance,guideguidance,differ difference,-al:arrivearrival,refuserefusal,surv
3、ive survival2.名词后缀B.性质、状态 -ty/ity:cruelcruelty,safesafety,curious curiosity,anxious anxiety -ness:happy happiness,sad sadness,ill illness -cy/-acy/-ancy/-ency:privateprivacy,fluent fluency,current currency -ry:injure injury,brave bravery -th:true truth,warm warmth,deep depth2.名词后缀-ee:train trainee(受
4、训者),employ employee(雇员)-er:teach teacher,train trainer(教员),employ employer(雇主)-or:visit visitor,sail sailor,govern governor,-ar:beg beggarC.职业、从事的人2.名词后缀-ist：art artist,science scientist,piano pianist-ism:主义impression impressionism race racism,hero heroism -ese:某国，某地人 Chinese,Japanese,Portuguese,etc
5、.-ful:（满的）量 hand handful,spoon spoonful,mouth mouthful.-ian:某国，某地人；某种职业或地位的人musician,Egyptian,Asian,Russian,etc.2.名词后缀D.其他-ship:某种关系或状态或技能friend friendship,hard hardship,leader leadershipadj.or v.or n.词义词义n.词义词义arrange安排安排安排安排approve同意同意同意同意equal平等的平等的平等平等accurate准确的准确的准确准确wide宽的宽的宽度宽度celebrate庆祝庆祝庆
6、祝庆祝sportsman运动员运动员体育精神体育精神perform表演表演表演表演decide决定决定决定决定adj.or v.or n.词义词义n.词义词义arrange安排安排arrangement安排安排approve同意同意approval同意同意equal平等的平等的equality平等平等accurate准确的准确的accuracy准确准确wide宽的宽的width宽度宽度celebrate庆祝庆祝celebration庆祝庆祝sportsman运动员运动员sportsmanship体育精神体育精神perform表演表演performance表演表演decide决定决定decisi
7、on决定决定 -ize,ise表示“做成，变成，化”如：modernmodernize,urban urbanize-en表示“使成为，引起，使有”如：quick quicken,weak weaken,soft soften,wide widen注 前缀en-也有类似用法 rich enrich-fy表示“使化,使成”如：pure purify,simple simplify3.动词后缀4.副词后缀 形容词变副词的规则 一般情况下直接加“ly”，如quick-quickly 以辅音字母+“y”结尾的,将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如：happy-happily 但是如果读音为/ai/，直
8、接加ly，如：dry-dryly;shy-shyly 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly due-duly(及时，按时)等。但多数以e结尾的词 仍加ly 如:nice-nicely；wise-wisely；polite-politely 以le或able结尾的词 去e加y，如:gentle-gently possible-possibly terrible-terribly需注意需注意:friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副等词是形容词而非副词。词。以ll结尾的词 只加y，如：fullfully 以l结尾的词加-ly，如：usuall
9、y carefully hopefully 以ic结尾的词 加ally，如：automatic-automatically energetic-energetically 4.副词后缀 形容词变副词的规则5.基数词变序数词的规则基数词变序数词的规则(序数词用于表达世纪，生日等序数词用于表达世纪，生日等)一般基数词词尾加上-th，如：ten-tenth eleven-eleventh-ty结尾的整十基数词，先把ty变成tie再加th,如：twenty-twentieth表示几十几词，则需十位基数，个位序。如：thirty-onethirty-first不规则序数词：first,second,th
10、ird,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfthadj.or n.词义词义v./adv./adj.词义词义deep深的深的加深加深industry工业工业工业化工业化identity身份身份鉴定，辨别鉴定，辨别natural自然的自然的自然地自然地possible可能的可能的可能地可能地lucky幸运的幸运的幸运地幸运地true真的真的真实地真实地immediate立刻的立刻的立刻地立刻地twelve十二十二第十二第十二adj.or n.词义词义v./adv./adj.词义词义deep深的深的deepen加深加深industry工业工业industrialize工业化工业化iden
11、tity身份身份identify鉴定，辨别鉴定，辨别natural自然的自然的naturally自然地自然地possible可能的可能的possibly可能地可能地lucky幸运的幸运的luckily幸运地幸运地true真的真的truly真实地真实地immediate立刻的立刻的immediately立刻地立刻地twelve十二十二twelfth第十二第十二使用策略 Strategies03182022-11-7 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词 填名词还应注意名词数的变化。(1)Do you know the _(deep)of the river?(2)His _ (care)r
12、esulted in the terrible accident(3)He is one of the _ (science)who support this theory.depthcarelessnessscientists 副词修饰动词，形容词或整个句子。动词前后、形容词前后，句子前可有副词。如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)Rather _(surprise),only a very significant number said they would be willing to pay to watch a live football match.(2)The re
13、searchers discovered that the late-working“evening types”had _(significant)better mental speed and memory.(3)“Whats that?”dad shouted _(angry)surprisinglysignificantlyangrily 形容词修饰名词、代词、数词 常在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时。如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1)The longer you stay away from the motherland,the _(sw
14、eet)your blood grow to the mosquitoes.(2)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.In short,hes _(rely).(3)While still at primary school,Rowan had already shown _(admire)acting talent.sweeterreliableadmirableTips1.给出给出动词动词排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否否定词定词（di
15、s-/mis），），名词名词（-ment/ation/-er等表身份人物的等表身份人物的后缀），后缀），形容词形容词（-able/-ed/-ing)2.给出给出名词名词形容词形容词,副词副词3.给出给出形容词形容词比较级，最高级，副词比较级，最高级，副词（修饰（修饰adj/verb/sentence），），名词名词（情感类常加（情感类常加-ness）4.有时也会考查动词有时也会考查动词(-fy,-ize)两个两个en含有使动用法含有使动用法:en-（enrich)-en(widen)5.注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有
16、可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。实战演练 Exercises04232022-11-7Exercise实战演练:阅读下面的句子，在空格处填出正确的词1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said _(rude).2.As far as I am concerned,my _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.3.Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessary)work in the office.4.Hes receiving medication for a(n)_(regular)heartbeat.5.I have nothing to declare.These are all my personal_.(belong)6.According to the research,this exercise will help students _ up their reading skills.(sharp)unnecessary
