1、新概念二 Lesson 62 After the fire 大火之后大火之后Free talk:Have you ever experienced any natural disasters?volcano(火山火山)sandstorm(沙尘暴沙尘暴)Can you tell some kind of natural disasters?drought(旱灾旱灾)tsunami(海啸海啸)typhoon（台风）（台风）fire(火灾）火灾）What can you see in this picture?Everything was destroyed(毁灭毁灭)The city became
2、 ruin(废废墟墟)Earthquake of Tangshan in China in 1976The cracks cut across the roads.The buildings fell down.Many things were destroyed,such as bridgerailwaybuildingspersonal washing thingsa bottle of water moneytorch(手电筒手电筒)mobile phonefood and sweets blanket(毯子毯子)What will you take with you?medicineY
3、ou will take:树木的作用树木的作用 树木可以调节气候、净化空气、防风树木可以调节气候、净化空气、防风降噪和防止水土流失、山体滑坡、等降噪和防止水土流失、山体滑坡、等自然灾害，是人类最好的朋友。自然灾害，是人类最好的朋友。Without the forest cover,these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere,warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns,pote
4、ntially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.text Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.A short time before,great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the deso
5、late hills.Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-see
6、d which would grow quickly.The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.By then,however,in many places the grass had already taken root.In place of the great trees which had been growing there for cen
7、turies patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.New words and expressionsNewwordsandexpressions生词和短语生词和短语 1.control n.控制2.smoke n.烟3.desolate adj.荒凉的4.threaten v.威胁5.surrounding adj.周围的6.destruction n.破坏，毁灭7.flood n.洪水，水灾8.authority n.（常用复数）当局9.grass-seed n.草籽 10.spray v.喷撒 11.quan
8、tity n.量 12.root n.根 13.century n.世纪 14.patch n.小片 15.blacken v.变黑，发暗 control n 控制 control sth.(v):控制 I can control it.I can manage it.我能对付(口语)介词短语:in control:在控制之内 under control:在控制之下,被控制 out of control:失控 smoke n 烟 smoke:吸烟 Dont smoke!/No smoking!cigarette,cigar:(n)香烟 smoke:(n)烟雾 full of smoke:充满烟
9、雾 名词加-y,变为形容词:rain rainy/cloud-cloudy smokey:(a.)多烟的 smoking area;smoking room 吸烟室/smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢 smokey area:吸烟区/nonsmokey area:禁烟区 heavy smoker:烟瘾重的人/nonsmoker:不抽烟的人/He smoked heavily.threaten v 威胁的 threaten to do sth.威胁着要做（与人相连）；有迹象表明 He threatened to make the photo public.threaten sb
10、.with sth.以来威胁/恐吓某人 The thief threatened him with a knife.有预兆 It threatened to rain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。联想：blackmail（勒索，敲诈），steal，rob desolate adj 荒凉的 lonely adj:孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的(与地方连表示孤零零的,但并不表示无人居住)desolate:荒凉的,极度孤独的(与人相连时)desolate+地方无人居住,荒无人烟的 a desolate house 废屋 surrounding adj周围的 surroundings n:环境(在周边的事物)atm
11、osphere n:大气层,氛围(在周边的人文环境)flood n 洪水,水灾 flood/floods 都对,都可以用,无区别 destruction n 破坏,毁灭 destroy(v):破坏 destructive(adj):毁灭性的 construction(n):建设,建筑/construction bank 建设银行 build:建设(具体的建某物)construct(v):建设(为.创造更好的条件)constructive(adj):建设性的(意见)authority n(常用复数)当局 authorities:当局(应为复数)/authority:权威(单数)grass-see
12、d n 草籽 spray v 喷撒 spray sth over/on往什么上喷洒 spray water over/on flower spray grass-seed over/on the ground quantity n 量 quality:质量 quantity:数量 sth with good quality:具有好质量的东西 quantities of:大量的 root n 根 root of.的根 what is the root cause?根本原因 take root:生根 come out:长出来/flower come out:开花 shoot:芽 shoot Fu:
13、t n.射击,发射,摄影,急流 vt.射击,投射,伸出,拍摄,用完,挥出,给.注射,使爆炸 vi.射出,射击,发出,发芽,射门,拍电影 century n 世纪 patch n 小片 a patch of:一小片/a piece of/a bit of/a sheet of patches of:许多片 piece:片,块 patch(平面上的)一片,补丁(本意)blacken v 变黑,发暗-en-表示动词,使.变得.weak虚弱的 weaken使.变弱,削弱 复合词:fireman 派生词:(前缀,后缀)-tion-名词后缀-less-形容词后缀:careless 粗心的 Notes on
14、 the textNotes on the text Firemen hadbeenfighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth:和.作搏斗 get+宾语+介词短语作宾补:get the room in order.(get:使)Before=until现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)S+have（has）been+V-ing（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动
15、作，并且还将持续下去。持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)（三
16、）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子 They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作五年了。（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
17、句子。I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。*I have been knowing.这类不能用于现在完成进行时的情态动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，
18、hate讨厌，等等。现在完成时表示的是开始于过去的动作一直持续到目前为止，同理，过现在完成时表示的是开始于过去的动作一直持续到目前为止，同理，过去完成时则表示开始于过去的某一个时刻的动作持续到过去另一时刻为止，去完成时则表示开始于过去的某一个时刻的动作持续到过去另一时刻为止，即动作开始时间是过去的过去，动作结束时间应该是过去即动作开始时间是过去的过去，动作结束时间应该是过去1.1.到去年年底，我已经学了个单词到去年年底，我已经学了个单词By the end of last year I _2000 words.2.2.在来美国之间，我已经学习了一些英语在来美国之间，我已经学习了一些英语I _s
19、ome English before I came to America.I _some English before I came to America.had learnedhad learnedA short time before,great treeshadcovered the countryside for miles around.for miles around方圆几英里 a short time before-从过去某一点时间算起,一段时间以前 a short time ago-从现在算起,一段时间以前 a short time before和a short time ag
20、o都可以放在段时间之后 great:大的(强调重要性)Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.rose up(from):升上来 over the desolate hills:(烟、雾)弥漫 ground:地表,地面(与土壤无关)Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soi
21、l but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on:冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)threaten sb.with sth.:有.迹象serious:严重的 When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 扑灭 order 定购 several tons of a spe
22、cial type of grassseed.Type:强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类,与kind有区别 The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.in huge quantities-介词短语作状语,“大量的 was sprayed over the ground:被动语态 The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.By then,however,in many places
23、the grass had already taken root.take root:生根 In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of:替代(只能指代位置、空间,原来放的东西现在不在了)instead of:替代+没做的事 instead of staying home,I went to school.此句就不能用“in place of”,而指地点空间时
24、,既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”.In place of a cup,I put a vase there.green n:绿地,草地 2 now that既然/which:定语从句 Now that all the great trees had been burnt,there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.3 to prevent.:为了预防.To prevent this the forest a
25、uthorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.4 by the time(that)到.时候为止(that可以省略),应理解为“before”by the time it began to rain,the grass had taken root in the soil.消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3 3个星期才最后把火势个星期才最后把火势控制住。就在不久之前，参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土控制住。就在不久之前，参
26、天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地。而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的地。而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性山丘上。冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种灾。在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。飞机撒播近一个月后，开始下起雨来。然而到那时，地上。飞机撒播近一个月后，开始下起雨来。然而到那时，很多地方的草已经生了根。一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧很多地方的草已经生了根。一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。树。Thanks for your attention!
