1、Unit2 Cloning Words and expressions 单词详解1.differ vi.不同，相异differ from 不同于.differ in 在方面不同differ with sb.on/over/about sth.与某人在某事上意见相左n.difference 不同点 adj.different 不同的be different from 不同于make a/no difference(to)(对)有/没有影响(1)Job-sharing differs conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in t
2、he more highly skilled and professional areas.(2)It is important to know about the cultural (differ)that may cause problems.(3)Often looking at your daily behavior from a (differ)perspective will help you change your actions better.fromdifferentdifferences2.exact adj.精确的，准确的，严谨的exactly adv.确切地，精确地，究
3、竟，到底to be exact=exactly speaking 确切地说She has worked at the bank for many yeas,nine to be exact.她已经在银行工作了很多年，确切地说是9年。not exactly (说反话时用)根本不，决不This is (exact)what reading should be.单句改错Cloning is producing a exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells.I read an article about paper,to being exac
4、t,about how much Americans use up each year.exactly第一第一个个a改为改为anbeing改为改为be3.undertake vt.着手,从事,承担,负责,承诺（undertook，undertaken）undertakesth.承担/负责/从事某事to do sth.承诺/答应做某事that 承诺/答应.(1)(undertake)the task,you must be ready to suffer from hardship.(2.)The project (undertake)by the young engineer on his o
5、wn turned out to be very successful.(3)To join the club,you have to undertake (buy)at least six books a year.Undertaking undertaken to buy 6.pay off得到得到好结果；取得成功好结果；取得成功；(不及物动词词组不及物动词词组)My persistence finally paid off when they called me in for an interview.我的坚持终于有了收获，他们打来电话要我参加面试了。偿清偿清，付清，遣散（，付清，遣散（
6、及物动词词组及物动词词组）What made him happy was that after all these years he at last .使他高兴的是多年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。特别提醒：特别提醒：pay off 表示得到回报时，无被动语态，且 一 般 用 表 示 事 物 的 名 词 做 主 语；表示偿清时，用人做主语。拓展：pay back 还钱，报复 pay for 支付的钱，为付出代价1.The athletes years of hard training paid when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.2.He ha
7、d to teach school in order to pay his education.3.Responsibility is the price every man must pay freedom.4.-Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.-I see.Ill go right away and .A.pay him back B.pay him offC.pay him away D.put him offoffforoffB 5.breakthrough n.c突破，重大进展make a br
8、eakthrough 取得突破性进展breakthrough是由短语break through转化而来的合成名词。类似的单词有：break down出故障-breakdown n.故障break out 爆发-outbreak n.爆发put out 生产，制造-output n.产量，输出量come out 出现，结果是-outcome n.结果，效果6.cast down 使失望；使沮丧(常用于被动结构)(1)be/feel cast down感到沮丧(2)cast vt.(cast,cast)扔；投；掷cast a vote 投票cast a glance at 向瞧了瞧cast a g
9、lance at 向瞧了瞧cast away 扔掉；浪费；放弃；(船难时)丢下人7.objection n.反对，异议，反对的理由Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it.raise an objection to sth.对某事提出异议have an/no objection to doing sth.反对/不反对做某事I have a strong objection to smoking in public,especially with females present.ob
10、ject vi.反对，不赞成object to sb/sth 反对某人/不赞成某事object to doing sth.反对做某事object that 反对.object n.物体Whats that dark object lying in the street?目标，目的Whats your object in doing that?对象an object of studyobjective adj.客观的(1)I have no objection your going,but you must promise to come back before ten.(2)As long a
11、s you can guarantee safety and low cost,we havent the slightest (object).(3)Do you have any objection to (change)your working hours?(4)The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to (photograph).toobjectionchangingbeing photographed8.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得Th
12、e perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.obtain sb.sth.=obtain sth.for sb.使某人得到9.attain v.(通常指经过努力)获得，达到(某年龄、水平、状况等)attain ones goal 达到某人的目标 区分obtain、attain、achieve、gain单词单词用法用法例句例句obtain(尤指经努力)获得，赢得Do you often obtain information through the Internet?attain(通常指经过努力)获得,达到(某年龄、水平、状况等)The ch
13、eetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.achieve强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后,达到目标,取得成功They achieved some victories despite these setbacks.gain多指付出极大努力后挣得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西，如某种利益、好处、经验等；还表示增加已有的东西。Our school has gained a good reputation.The publisher is responsible for (obtain)the necessary permission to reproduce illu
14、strations.The information (obtain)from the Internet is not always true,so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.Most of our students (attain)five As in their exams last term.Children of below average intelligence can sometimes high standards in tasks which interest them.A.accep
15、t B.attain C.keep D.receiveobtainingobtainedattainedB 10.forbid vt.(forbade,forbidden)禁止，不准forbid sb.sth.不准某人.forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth.禁止做某事This place used to forbid parking cars and bikes.这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。forbid和ban区别forbid sb.from doing sth.forbid
16、 sb.to do sth.(上级对下级,长辈对晚辈等)ban sb.from doing sth.(用法律、舆论等禁止)We forbid (smoke)here.Who has permitted you (smoke)here?He was forbidden (leave)the house,as a punishment.In some Middle Eastern countries,exposing your flesh (forbid),especially if you are a woman.smokingto smoketo leaveis forbidden11.in
17、favour of 赞成；支持(和for同义，其反义词为against)Some people are in favour of the plan while others object to it.一些人同意这个计划，而另一些人却反对它。in sb.s favour 对某人有利do sb.a favour do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙ask a favour of sb.求人帮一个忙；求人做某事favourite n.喜欢的事物；adj.最喜爱的12.owe (1)vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)owe sb.sth.(for sth.)=owe sth.to sb.(for
18、sth.)(因某事)欠某人.Thank you for the magazine you bought for me.How much do I owe you?谢谢您给我买来这本杂志，我该付您多少钱呢？(2)vt.归功于，归因于owe sth.to sb./sth.把归因/功于owe sb.sth.把.归因/功于某人owe it to sb.that.把归因/功于某人I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.多亏你帮忙我才及时完成了工作。owing to 因为，由于 He owed to his first English teacher
19、 that he had a good pronunciation.She had a headache,(owe)to the weather here,but she is now accustomed t it.一句多译多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。,we succeeded in starting the engine.(介词短语)we succeeded in starting the engine.(强调句型)itowingOwing to her helpIt was owing to her help that13.retire vi&vt (使)退休retire from
20、.从退休retire as.从职位上退休He had to retire with a neck injury in the second half.下半场他因颈部受伤只得退出比赛。He will retire as chairman next year;his successor is already waiting in the wings.他明年将从主席职位上退休，他的继任人已做好接人准备。retiring adj.退休的,缅甸的,不爱与人交往的retired adj.已退休的,已退职的retirement n.退休,退职 He would miss the paycheck each
21、week,but he wanted (retire).At the age of 66,he retired business and devoted the rest of his life to charity work.So in 1983 I went to work as a clinical adviser,treating (retire)soldiers who suffered from post-war stress syndrome.to retirefromretired14.bother (1)V 花费时间精力(做某事)bother doing sth./to do
22、 sth.费心做某事bother about/with sth.为费心/花费时间或精力Why bother.?为什么要费事？(2)vt.使(某人)烦恼,给(某人)造成麻烦It bothers sb.to do sth.使某人烦恼 bothers sb.that.使某人烦恼bother sb.with sth.拿某事烦扰某人15.be bound to do sth.一定或注定做某事；有责任或义务做某事Even when walking in the company of two other men,I am bound to learn from them.三人行，必有我师焉。16.strik
23、e.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心(宾语多为情感类名词)strike vt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工；打动；迷住；突然想起；侵袭；敲钟 n罢工拓展:strike sb.on/in the+身体部位 敲打某人的身体部位It strikes sb.+从句 某人突然想起.What strikes sb.(most)is 使某人印象最深的是.be/go on strike 罢工写出下列句子中strike的含义。He struck me as a very serious but friendly person.A powerful earthquake struck the Italian
24、island of Sicily early this morning.At this point,it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.One cannot but he struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.给给.印象，让印象，让觉得觉得侵袭，袭击侵袭，袭击突然想到，猛地意识到突然想到，猛地意识到被打动，被感动被打动，被感动18.in vain 徒劳无益,白费力气(可作状语和表语)19.resist-resistance(n.)-resistant(adj.
25、)(1)vt.使不受.的伤害A healthy diet can help your body resist infection.(2)vt.&vi.抵制，阻挡，反抗，抵抗resist doing sth.反对/抵制做某事For months the company has resisted changing its account system.(3)vi.&vt.抵挡，忍住。通常用于否定句。cant resist doing sth.抵抗不住做某事(4)be resistant to 对有抵抗力20.adore vt.喜爱,热爱(某事),热爱,爱慕(某人)后面+名词、代词或动名词做宾语（不
26、用于进行时）He adores playing football in this spare time.喜欢做某事表达法：be fond of doing sth.enjoying doing sth.like/love to do/doing sth.take delight in doing sth.She wants to find a job in the kindergarten because she adores (work)with children.I know you are very fond ice cream,but you will gain weight if y
27、ou eat it too much.Only when you take great delight reading and begin reading good books will you taste the pleasure of reading.workingofin21.in good condition 状况很好in poor condition 状况很坏condition构成的其他短语 out of condition 健康状况不佳on condition(that).在.条件下，倘若on no condition 一点也不，决不(至于句首，部分倒装)on this condition 在这个条件下(2working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境 He knew that he was from sitting for so long in the office.You are allowed to do that to your parents .The car has been well maintained and is .out of conditionon no conditionin good condition
