1、冠词 Articles12冠词冠词 I.I.冠词的定义冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词冠词是一种虚词,没有词义没有词义,没有数和格的变化没有数和格的变化,不能单不能单独使用独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义义.II.II.冠词的种类冠词的种类 冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指一特定名定冠词特指一特定名词词,不定冠词泛指一不定冠词泛指一 般普通名词般普通名词.22022-11-7语法语法 Articles(冠词）冠词）冠冠词词不定冠词不定冠词定冠词定冠词零冠词零冠词a aananthethe不使用冠词不
2、使用冠词32022-11-7 不定冠词有不定冠词有a a和和anan两种形式两种形式.a.a用在以辅音开头的名词前用在以辅音开头的名词前,一般读作一般读作;an;an 用在以元音开头的名词前用在以元音开头的名词前,一般读作一般读作 n.n.e.g._book _ egg _ useful book _ underground room 基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类 e.g.She is a girl.她是女孩她是女孩 This is a desk.这是一张书桌这是一张书桌42022-11-71.1.首次提到首次提到某人或某物某人或某物,常起介绍作用常起介绍作用.He is a doctor.
3、He is a doctor.He is studying in a university.He is studying in a university.2.2.在单数普通名词前在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物指一类人或事物,通常不必译出通常不必译出.A fox is a cunning animal.A fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=Foxes are cunning animals.=The fox is a cunning animal.=The fox is a cunning animal.3.3.表示表示“数
4、量数量”，“有一有一”“”“每一每一”,相当于相当于everyevery，oneone e.g.We have six classes a day.e.g.We have six classes a day.52022-11-74.4.表示表示 “相同相同 ”相当于相当于the samethe same We are nearly of an age.We are nearly of an age.5.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you we
5、re out.A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out.6.6.用于用于quite,rather,many,half,what suchquite,rather,many,half,what such之后之后 The room is rather a big one.The room is rather a big one.7.7.用于用于so(as,too,how)+so(as,too,how)+形容词之后形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.She is as clev
6、er a girl as you can wish to meet.62022-11-78.用于某些固定词组中用于某些固定词组中 an hour or two,have a swim/walk/look/talk an hour or two,have a swim/walk/look/talk a few,a little,a lot of,a bit,a couple of,in a hurry a few,a little,a lot of,a bit,a couple of,in a hurry,have a good time,do sb.a favor,pay a visit to
7、,have a good time,do sb.a favor,pay a visit to,in a day or two,take a bath,have a cold(fever,headache)in a day or two,take a bath,have a cold(fever,headache)many a+many a+单数可数名词单数可数名词(表示许多表示许多.当它做主语时，谓语动词用单数当它做主语时，谓语动词用单数)many a studentmany a student72022-11-7定冠词定冠词thethe与指示代词与指示代词thisthis，thatthat同
8、源，同源，“那那/这个这个”，来表，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。示某个或某些特定的人或东西。基本用法：基本用法：“特指特指”.特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物,以便与其他的人或物有以便与其他的人或物有所区别所区别 e.g.The book on the desk is Jims.e.g.The book on the desk is Jims.The chairs are there.The chairs are there.82022-11-71.1.在叙述中，在叙述中，上文提到过上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时的人或者事物，再次出现时：I can see
9、a kite.I can see a kite.：Where is the kite?Where is the kite?He bought a car.Ive seen the car.He bought a car.Ive seen the car.2.2.在表示世界上在表示世界上独一无二独一无二的事物的名词前的事物的名词前 the sun the sky the moon the earth the sun the sky the moon the earth the worldthe world92022-11-73.3.在谈话在谈话双方都知道双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前的特定的
10、人或事物的名词前.Pass me the book,please.Pass me the book,please.Would you mind my opening the window?Would you mind my opening the window?Take the medicine.Close the door.Take the medicine.Close the door.4.4.用在某些用在某些形容词形容词前前,表示某一类人表示某一类人 the poor the richthe poor the rich102022-11-75.5.用在用在姓氏的复数姓氏的复数名词前，表示
11、名词前，表示“一家人一家人”;用在国籍前，表全体用在国籍前，表全体 e.g.the Blacks e.g.the Blacks 布来克一家布来克一家 the Greens the Greens 格林一家人格林一家人 (或格林夫妇或格林夫妇)the Chinese the Chinese6.6.用在表示用在表示乐器乐器的名词之前的名词之前 the violin the pianothe violin the piano He often He often plays the violinplays the violin in the evening.in the evening.She She
12、plays the pianoplays the piano very well.very well.112022-11-77.7.用在用在序数词和形容词最高级序数词和形容词最高级前前 I live on the second floor.I live on the second floor.我住在二楼我住在二楼 Skating is the best sport in winter.Skating is the best sport in winter.滑冰是冬天最好的运动滑冰是冬天最好的运动.Winter is the coldest season of the year.Winter i
13、s the coldest season of the year.Who sings(the)best in your class?Who sings(the)best in your class?8.8.江河湖海江河湖海 运河运河 海湾海湾 海峡海峡 山脉山脉 群岛群岛 森林森林 平原平原 盆地盆地 沙漠等专沙漠等专有名词有名词前前the yellow river/the Pacific Ocean/the West lakethe yellow river/the Pacific Ocean/the West lake122022-11-79.9.发明的事物名称前或或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词
14、前：发明的事物名称前或或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前：e.g.The compass was invented in China.e.g.The compass was invented in China.The tiger is in danger of dying out.The tiger is in danger of dying out.10.10.在逢十的复数数词前，指世纪的某个年在逢十的复数数词前，指世纪的某个年 in the 1990sin the 1990s11.11.在在方向方向名词及身体部位名词前名词及身体部位名词前 on the right/left on the righ
15、t/left，in the east/west/south/northin the east/west/south/north He patted me on the shoulder.He patted me on the shoulder.132022-11-712.12.固定词组中固定词组中 in the end;in the end;in the morning(afternoonin the morning(afternoon，evening),evening),the day after tomorrow,the next morning,the day after tomorro
16、w,the next morning,in the sky(sea,field,country,dark,rain)in the sky(sea,field,country,dark,rain)in the middle(of),go to the cinema in the middle(of),go to the cinema at/in the end,by the way,tell the truth at/in the end,by the way,tell the truth in the middle of;on the other hand in the middle of;o
17、n the other hand142022-11-7定冠词的用法口诀定冠词的用法口诀特指双熟悉，上文已提及特指双熟悉，上文已提及;世上独无二，序数最高级世上独无二，序数最高级;某些专有名，习语及乐器。某些专有名，习语及乐器。152022-11-7C.零冠词的用法零冠词的用法 不用冠词（即零冠词）的情况：不用冠词（即零冠词）的情况：1.1.表示表示人名人名 地名地名 国名国名等专有名词前等专有名词前 Guangxi/Europe/China Guangxi/Europe/China 2.2.复数复数可数名词和可数名词和不可数不可数名词表示名词表示泛指泛指 They are teachers,n
18、ot students.They are teachers,not students.3.3.名词前有名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,everythis,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制等限制 I want this book.I want this book.162022-11-74.4.表示表示职位职位 身份身份 头衔头衔的名词前的名词前Aunt Mary/Professor Zhang/President LincolnAunt Mary/Professor Zhang/President Lincoln5.5.物质名词或抽象名词
19、物质名词或抽象名词前前Failure is the mother of success.Failure is the mother of success.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.6.6.在在季节、月份、节日、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前等表示时间的名词之前 on Monday,in summer,at Christmas,Teachers on Monday,in summer,at Christmas,Tea
20、chers Day,on Sunday,Day,on Sunday,in August,in August,New Years Day,Fathers Day,on New Years Day,Fathers Day,on Childrens DayChildrens Day Lets go to the park on Sunday.Lets go to the park on Sunday.172022-11-77.7.三餐、球类运动和娱乐名词三餐、球类运动和娱乐名词前一般不用冠词：前一般不用冠词：e.g.What do you have for_ breakfast?e.g.What d
21、o you have for_ breakfast?play _football/_basketball/_chess/_cards play _football/_basketball/_chess/_cards have supper at lunch have supper at lunch Dinner is ready.Dinner is ready.She is at lunch.She is at lunch.What do we have for supper?What do we have for supper?8.8.与与byby连用的表示交通工具的名词前连用的表示交通工具
22、的名词前 by car,by trainby car,by train182022-11-79.9.以以andand连接的两个相对的名词并用连接的两个相对的名词并用时时 day and night/pen and ink/husband and wife day and night/pen and ink/husband and wife father and son/sun and moon father and son/sun and moon10.10.在固定短语中在固定短语中 at night;at home;at first;go to church;in danger;at nig
23、ht;at home;at first;go to church;in danger;at work;go to bed;at school;at home;in hospital at work;go to bed;at school;at home;in hospital 192022-11-7不用冠词用法口诀不用冠词用法口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。202022-11
24、-7D.有冠词和没有冠词的区别有冠词和没有冠词的区别 at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 向床走去 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 take place 发生 take the place of 取代 in charge of 负责、掌管 in the charge of 由.掌管、负责 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里212022-11-7Exercises222022-11-7Proverbs:One is never too old to learn.Tomorrow never comes.232022-11-7242022-11-7
