1、 SectionSection B BLearningLearning AboutAbout LanguageLanguage.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.frog n.2.arrow n.3.getaway n.4.kayaking n.5.golf n.6.strait n.7.monument n.蛙;青蛙箭;箭头 适合度假的地方 皮划艇高尔夫球运动海峡 纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等);历史遗迹8.n.部长;大臣;外交使节 9.vt.给命名(或题名);使享有权利 10.vi.&n.(dived/dove,dived)潜水;跳水;俯冲 11.n.自由;不受影响的状态 12.n.领域;领土;范围
2、13.vt.倡议;赞助;主办n.(法案等的)倡议者;赞助者 14.n.自由 15.n.样本;样品 ministerentitledivefreedomdomainsponsorlibertysample重点短语1.prime minister 2.peak season 3.consist of 4.all the way 5.各种各样的 6.反对 7.更不用说 8.由于 首相;总理高峰季节由组成一直a variety ofbe againstnot to mentiondue to重点句式Be careful,however,not to go to popular islands duri
3、ng peak season,unless you want to wrestle with other tourists!复习过去分词 重点语法.释义匹配1.entitleA.to jump into deep water with your head and arms going in first2.diveB.to give someone the official right to do or have something3.freedomC.the right to do what you want without being controlled or restricted by
4、anyone4.sponsor D.a small part or amount of something that is examined in order to find out something about the whole5.sample E.to support a person,organisation or activity by giving money,encouragement or other help答案1.B2.A3.C4.E5.D.完成句子1.伙伴们决定共同努力,在最后期限前完成项目。The partners agreed to to meet the proj
5、ect deadlines.2.杭州是一个主要的度假目的地,吸引着来自世界各地的游客。Hangzhou is a premier holiday destination,tourists from all over the world.3.听出美国口音很简单。It is rather an American accent.make a joint effortwhich attractsstraightforward/simple to recognise4.他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。They flew there in order that they might be the op
6、ening ceremony.5.数十万人走上街头庆祝这一时刻。people went to the streets to mark the occasion.in time to attendHundreds of thousands of重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.(P16)中国的少数民族往往有权获得政府的特别资金,以帮助保护他们
7、的文化遗产。【词汇精讲】entitle vt.给命名(或提名);使享有权利He read a poem entitled“Salt”.他朗诵了一首题目为盐的诗。You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 60.你到60岁就有资格获得养老金。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】If one side failed to honour the contract,the other side should be entitled to cancel it.如合同一方不按合同条款行事,另一方则有权中止合同。The novel is e
8、ntitled Pride and Prejudice.那本小说叫傲慢与偏见重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities,including diving,kayaking,and rock climbing.(P16)到海滩的游客可以参加许多活动,包括潜水、皮划艇和攀岩。【词汇精讲】dive vi.潜水;跳水;俯冲The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving.他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。重点词
9、汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】It was so hot that we dived into the swimming pool to cool off.太热了,我们一头跳进游泳池里,凉快一下。He dived into his bag and took out his wallet.他把手伸入提包,拿出了钱包。Seagulls swim well,but they do not often dive for fish.海鸥游泳非常棒,但它们不经常为捕鱼而潜水。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.Unfortunately,elephants are
10、 endangered in Thailand,but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.(P16)不幸的是,泰国大象濒临灭绝,但已经建立了一些特殊的公园来保护大象的安全和自由。【词汇精讲】freedom n.自由;不受影响的状态Their efforts helped those people gain their freedom.他们的努力帮助那些人获得了自由。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】Men are not saints;how can they be free from
11、 faults?人非圣贤,孰能无过?The prize money freed him from debts.这笔奖金使他免于负债。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain,and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.(P16)游客可以在它们的自然领域看到这些令人惊奇的生物,并帮助大象保护它的健康和自由。【词汇精讲】sponsor vt.倡议;赞助;主办P
12、lease could you sponsor me for my schools campaign?我们学校在举行募捐活动,请问您能赞助我吗?The conference was sponsored by our company.会议是由我们公司赞助的。Coca-Cola is to be named as the new sponsor of the League Cup later this week.可口可乐公司将在本周晚些时候被指定为联赛杯的新赞助商重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习Be careful,however,not to go to pop
13、ular islands during peak season,unless you want to wrestle with other tourists!(P16)但是,要小心,在旺季不要去热门岛屿,除非你想和其他游客拥挤!【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句Be careful not to.是祈使句,unless意为“除非”,引导的是条件状语从句。You are forbidden to leave the room unless you apologise for what you have done.你被禁止离开房间,除非你为你所做的事道歉。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【句式拓展
14、】(1)If.not和unless两者都可表示否定的条件,有时可换用。Come and have tea tomorrow unless I phone.=Come and have tea tomorrow if I dont phone.要是我没有打电话,明天就来喝茶。You wont catch the train unless you hurry.=You wont catch the train if you dont hurry.你要是不赶快,你就赶不上火车了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)在下列情况下,通常要用 if.not 而不用 unless:当从句所引出的情况不是表
15、示主句情况发生的一种例外,而只是一种可能,并且这种可能正是导致主句情况发生的主要原因时,英语习惯只用if.not,不用unless。Ill be surprised if he doesnt win.如果他不赢,我会感到惊奇。Shed look nicer if she didnt wear so much make-up.要是她不过分打扮,本来会更好看的。Ill be sorry if they do not come tomorrow.如果他们明天不来,我将感到非常遗憾。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习当从句内容与已知事实相反时(即引出虚拟条件时),通常要用if.not,而不用unless
16、。If he werent so silly,he would understand.他要不是那样傻的话,他就会明白了。(实际上他很傻)If I hadnt stopped her,she would have jumped down.要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(实际上我阻止了她)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习unless有时可引出一个过去未曾实现的假设想法,对前面主句进行补充说明(此时必须置于主句之后,且前面常用破折号而不用逗号)。I couldnt have got to the meeting on timeunless I had caught an earlier train
17、.我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较早一班火车。(事实是“我”没有及时到会)此句若将unless改为if.not,则成为:I couldnt have got to the meeting on time if I hadnt caught an earlier train.如果我没赶上较早一班火车,我就不可能及时赶到会场了。(事实是“我”及时到会了)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习复习过去分词过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成。部分动词的过去分词有特殊形式变化,需要牢记。它既保留了动词的某些特征,又具有形容词和副词的特征。1.过
18、去分词作动词过去分词作谓语,用于现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)、过去完成时(had+过去分词)和被动语态(be+过去分词)的句子中。The director,who shared a dorm-room with Jack in the Film Academy,has already made four films.这位导演已经执导了四部电影,在电影学院求学时杰克与他同住在一间寝室。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities
19、 and attitudes.人们普遍认为人们按照他们的做事方式行事是由于性格和态度的原因。He told me he had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.他告诉我他与弗兰克和马克一起工作过,并且成了朋友。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.过去分词作定语(1)过去分词作定语时和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”。单个过去分词作定语一般置于被修饰的词语之前,过去分词短语作定语时一般置于被修饰的词语之后。Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great
20、 number of outstanding figures.清华大学建于1911年,培养了一大批杰出的人士。There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano,giving travellers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.每天都有导游带领游客前往这座高度活跃的火山,让游客有机会看到大自然最强大的一面。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动的动作,不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示已经完成的动作。The strong
21、wind blew the fallen leaves into the sky.(表示完成)大风把落叶吹到了天空中。Most of the countries in Europe are developed countries.(表示完成)欧洲大部分的国家是发达国家。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)动词不定式的被动式、动词-ing形式的被动式和过去分词作定语的区别动词不定式的被动式作定语表示一个未来的动作;动词-ing形式的被动式作定语表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词作定语表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。Will you a
22、ttend the meeting to be held next week?你要参加下周召开的会议吗?The building being put up will be our library.正在建的大楼将是我们的图书馆。A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practise the piano.许多被询问的学生说他们被迫练习钢琴。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.过去分词作宾语补足语(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词,如:see、watch、observe、look at、hear、listen to、
23、feel、notice、think等。The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.经理很满意地看到在付出巨大努力之后很多新产品被研发出来。He found his hometown changed greatly.他发现他的家乡变化很大。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)表示“致使”意义的动词,如:have、make、get、keep、leave等。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。He got his tooth pulled out
24、 yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Dont leave those things undone.不要把那些事情搁着不做。(3)使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语有两种情况:过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成;过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。He had his house painted white.他让人把房子刷成了白色。(让别人做的)He had his leg injured when riding a bike.他骑自行车时伤了腿。(自己的经历)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(4)“with+宾语+过去分词”结构“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 wit
25、h的宾语补足语,这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站
26、在他面前,眼睛注视着他。(表伴随)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,说明谓语动词的动作和状态,其逻辑宾语是句子的主语,也就是说过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。由于过去分词(短语)具有副词的某些特征,因此在句中可以作原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随或结果等状语。Translated into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.翻译成英语后,这个句子的词序全变了。Encouraged by the progress he has made,he wo
27、rks harder.受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。He finally arrived,tired out from such a long walk.他终于到了,走那么长的路累得他筋疲力尽。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受,相当于形容词的作用。注意:表示感觉的一些过去分词(surprised、disappointed、excited、pleased 等)及其他一些过去分词(dressed、drunk、devoted、lost、known、married、bent、recovered、separated 等)常可用作表语
28、,表示状态。其中有些只表状态,毫无被动意义。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习You are requested to remain seated during take-off.在飞机起飞时,请大家坐好。Everyone was surprised to see the buildings finished so soon.看到这些建筑这么快就建成了大家都感到很惊奇。Tom was disappointed to hear his suggestions had been turned down.汤姆听到他的建议被拒绝后很失望。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.单词拼写1.The interv
29、iews were given to a random(抽样)of students.答案sample2.A series of(箭头)points the way to the wooden temple.答案arrows3.Today we have the(自由)to decide our own future.答案freedom重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.The care of older people is being placed firmly within the(范围)of the family.答案domain5.Although many of the stones
30、 have fallen out,the(纪念碑)remains very well preserved.答案monument重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.完成句子1.当他专心致志工作的时候他经常会废寝忘食。When in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping.答案deeply absorbed2.正如报道的那样,我们以后将会做出更大的努力加速供应方的结构改革。More efforts,will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the sup
31、ply-side structural reform.答案as reported重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.四月,由于火山灰云,成千上万的度假者滞留在了国外。In April,thousands of holidaymakers abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.答案remained stuck4.露西很有幽默感,总是用她的故事让同事们快乐。Lucy has a great sense of humour and always her colleagues with her stories.答案keeps;amused5.怀特夫人向学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。Mrs White showed her students some old maps the library.答案borrowed from
