1、Words and Expressions 必修四必修四 Unit 11.achievement/n./成就,功绩成就,功绩 a sense of achievement 成就感成就感 u.achieve v.实现实现-achievement n.成就成就 realise/achieve ones dream excite v.使兴奋使兴奋-excitement n.兴奋兴奋 govern v.管理管理-government n.政府政府 argue v.争吵争吵-argument n.争吵,争论争吵,争论 treat v.对待对待-treatment n.对待对待2.campaign/n./
2、运动;战役运动;战役;/v./作战作战 a campaign for 为了为了的运动的运动 a campaign against 反对反对的运动的运动eg.They started a campaign for equal rights.他们发起了一项争取平等权利的运动。他们发起了一项争取平等权利的运动。(2)vi.参加运动;作战;参加运动;作战;campaign for 参加争取参加争取的运动的运动 campaign against 参加反对参加反对的运动的运动 3.condition/n.C/条件条件;/n.U/状况,状态;状况,状态;身体健康是获得成功的条件之一。身体健康是获得成功的条件
3、之一。Heath is one of the most important conditions of achieving success.be in good/poor/excellent condition 处于好的处于好的/差的差的/极棒的状态中极棒的状态中 She is often in top condition.Im really out of condition.4.behave/v./举动;(举止或行为)表现举动;(举止或行为)表现eg.Im sorry about last night-I behaved like a child.对不起,昨天晚上我表现得太幼稚了。对不起,昨
4、天晚上我表现得太幼稚了。eg.Behave yourself,young man.年轻人,规矩些!年轻人,规矩些!(1)behave oneself 守规矩,表现得体;守规矩,表现得体;(2)well-behaved /adj./表现好的表现好的 badly-behaved /adj./表现差的表现差的3.behave/v./举动;(举止或行为)表现举动;(举止或行为)表现u behaviour /n./举止;行为;习性;举止;行为;习性;eg.The boy was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised his proper beh
5、aviour.这个男孩在宴会上这个男孩在宴会上表现很好表现很好,因此每个人都,因此每个人都表扬他恰当的表扬他恰当的举止举止.behave oneself 守规矩守规矩behave well/badly(towards sb.)(对某人对某人)态度态度/举止好举止好/恶劣恶劣be on ones best behavior 举止规矩举止规矩4.devote/vt./把把.奉献,把奉献,把专用于专用于 1)devote oneself/sth.to(doing)sth.献身于献身于;致力于;致力于He devotes himself to finishing the task.She devote
6、s all her time to her family.2)devoted(adj.)深爱的,全心全意的,忠实的深爱的,全心全意的,忠实的a devoted friend She is devoted to her family.她深爱她的家庭。她深爱她的家庭。5.whorthwile/adj./值得的,值得做的值得的,值得做的l辨析 worthwhile/worth/worthy worthwhile(可作定语和表语)(可作定语和表语)a worthwhile experiment The experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do st
7、h./doing sth.It is worthwhile to do the job.doing the job.worthwhile/adj./值得的,值得做的值得的,值得做的*worth-be worth(doing)sth.The book is _.well worth reading=It is worthwhile to read the book.be worthy of being done.=be worthy to be done.The job is worthy of being done.to be done.6.observe/vt./观察,观测,遵守观察,观测,
8、遵守(1)观察;观察;observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程)观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth.观察某人观察某人正在做正在做某事某事(2)遵守;遵守;observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则(3)庆祝庆祝;observe the Spring Festival/Christmas拓展:observation n.观察,观测;观察,观测;observe an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念庆祝周年纪念observer/n./观察者观察者;观测者观测者;遵守者遵守者 observation/n./观测,监测,观察,观
9、察力观测,监测,观察,观察力 under observation 在观察中在观察中;在监视中在监视中 Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinesestill _the traditional customs.A.perform B.possess C.observe D.support 解析解析:observe在此句中意为在此句中意为“遵守遵守,奉行奉行(法律、协议法律、协议或习俗等或习俗等)”。句意为:尽管在国外居住了这么多年。句意为:尽管在国外居住了这么多年,许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。,许多中国人仍然遵循着传统的风俗习惯。C7
10、.respect/v./尊重,敬意尊重,敬意respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人因某事而尊敬某人eg.我深深地敬佩他的勇气。我深深地敬佩他的勇气。I deeply respect him for his courage.=I deeply respect his courage./n./show/have respect for sb.尊敬某人尊敬某人eg.人们向这位残疾女孩表示敬意。人们向这位残疾女孩表示敬意。The people show/have respect for the disabled girl.out of respect 出于尊重出于尊重 out of c
11、uriosity/kindness/pity/interest/fearrespectful /adj./恭敬的,表示敬意的;恭敬的,表示敬意的;respect/n./方面方面with respect to 关于,就关于,就来说来说in some respects 在某些方面在某些方面in every respect/in all respects 在各方面在各方面out of respect for sb.出于对某人的尊敬出于对某人的尊敬without respect to不考虑不考虑;不管;不管 8.argue/v./讨论,辩论,争论讨论,辩论,争论argue with sb.about/
12、over sth.和某人争吵某事和某人争吵某事We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.argue for 为为而辩论而辩论argue against 为反对为反对而辩论而辩论The workers argued for the right for the strike.Some people argue against the free trade.argue that-clause 主张主张辨析辨析argue/quarrel/discussargue常用作不及物动词,后面常接介词后才能常用作不及物动词,后面常接介词后才能加宾
13、语。意为加宾语。意为“辩论,争论辩论,争论”,有企图说服对方有企图说服对方的含义。的含义。They argued about the case for hours.quarrel 意为意为“争吵,吵架争吵,吵架”,侧重以侧重以“口角口角”的方式的方式争执;争执;discuss 意为意为“讨论讨论”,为及物动词,后直接加宾为及物动词,后直接加宾语,指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而商量;语,指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而商量;9.entertainment/n./款待,娱乐;款待,娱乐;娱乐表演娱乐表演We warmly gave an entertainment to the foreign
14、guests.entertain/v./款待,招待款待,招待;娱乐,助兴;娱乐,助兴entertaining/adj./有趣的,使人愉快的有趣的,使人愉快的entertain sb.with sth.用用招待招待/款待某人款待某人The child entertained himself with building blocks.10.inspire/vt./鼓舞,激发,启示鼓舞,激发,启示inspire sb.to do sth.激发某人去做某事激发某人去做某事Eg.His spirit inspires us to work hard to achieve more in our life
15、.inspiration(n.)灵感灵感inspiring (adj.)鼓励人的鼓励人的inspired(adj.)有创作力的有创作力的11.support/n.&vt./支持,拥护支持,拥护support a family 赡养家庭赡养家庭support oneself 自力更生自力更生support sb.in(doing)sth.在在(做做)某事方面支持某人某事方面支持某人support sb.by(doing)sth.通过通过(做做)某事支持某人某事支持某人in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人支持或支援某人/某事某事give support to sb.支持或支援
16、某人支持或支援某人12.audience/n./观众,听众,读者观众,听众,读者 audience是集合名词,用作主语时,其谓语可是集合名词,用作主语时,其谓语可用单数(视为整体)或复数(视为个体)用单数(视为整体)或复数(视为个体);形容听(观众)人数之多或少,通常用形容听(观众)人数之多或少,通常用big,large,huge,mass,vast,wide 以及以及small,thin 等等形容词修饰,但不用形容词修饰,但不用many,few修饰;修饰;an audience 不是指不是指“一个观众一个观众”,而是指某一,而是指某一群观众、某一个场次观众、某一方面的观众等群观众、某一个场次
17、观众、某一方面的观众等;13.intend/vt./计划,打算计划,打算intend to do/doing sth.mean to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事sth.be intended for 某物是为某物是为而准备的而准备的intend sb./sth.to do sth.想要某人想要某人/物去做某事物去做某事intend that-clause 打算打算 had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事本来打算做某事14.emergency/n./突发事件,紧急情况突发事件,紧急情况Its an emergen
18、cy!情况紧急!情况紧急!He was always prepared for any unforeseen event of emergency.他时刻为无法预料的紧急事件做好准备。他时刻为无法预料的紧急事件做好准备。a state of emergency 紧急状态紧急状态in an emergency 遇紧急情况时遇紧急情况时15.considerate/v./考虑;考虑;/adj./考虑周到的考虑周到的consideration/n./考虑考虑in consideration of.考虑到考虑到,顾及,顾及take.into consideration考虑到考虑到;体谅体谅be und
19、er consideration在考虑中,在审议中在考虑中,在审议中give consideration to sth./give sth.consider/v./考虑;认为考虑;认为 consider doing sth.考虑某事考虑某事 be considered to be/as.被认为被认为;被看作;被看作16.deliver/vt./递送,生(小孩)递送,生(小孩)发表(演说等)发表(演说等)deliver a baby 助产,接生助产,接生deliver sth.to sb.把某物递送给某人把某物递送给某人delivery/n./传送传送He is delivering a spe
20、ech in English.Would you please deliver my message to your mother?1.human being 人人一个人一个人 a human being 人类人类 human beingseg.This is an invention that benefits human beings eg.We should make greater contributions to human beings.拓展:man/mankind 人类人类(其前都不加冠词,都是其前都不加冠词,都是u.其后谓语其后谓语v.用单三)用单三)2.move off 离开
21、,启程,出发离开,启程,出发When we got to the station,the train had moved off.move on 继续前进继续前进/进行进行move out 迁出;搬出迁出;搬出move in 迁进;搬进迁进;搬进move away 搬走搬走3.lead a.life 过着过着.的生活的生活lead to 通向;导致通向;导致lead in 导入;引进导入;引进I feel like leading a simple life.This road leads to our school.4.crowd in(想法、问题等)涌上心头(想法、问题等)涌上心头crow
22、d in(on sb.)/crowd into ones mind(想法、问题等)涌上心头,涌入脑海想法、问题等)涌上心头,涌入脑海crowd out(常用被动常用被动)挤出;排挤在外挤出;排挤在外crowd around/round(sb./sth.)聚集在(某人聚集在(某人/某物周围)某物周围)crowd into 涌入,挤进涌入,挤进.a crowd of 一群,众多一群,众多be crowded with 挤满挤满5.look down upon/on 蔑视,瞧不起蔑视,瞧不起l反义:反义:look up to sb.尊敬某人尊敬某人No one likes to be looked
23、down upon.look round/about 四处查看,寻找四处查看,寻找 look after 照顾,照看(人或事物)照顾,照看(人或事物)look ahead 向前看向前看 look forward to 期待,盼望期待,盼望look into 调查,检查调查,检查 look out 向外看;注意,小心向外看;注意,小心look through 检查,审视;快速查看,浏览检查,审视;快速查看,浏览 look up 查找,查阅;向上看查找,查阅;向上看look on 旁观旁观look on.as.把把看作看作/视为视为.look back 回顾回顾6.refer to 查阅,参考,谈
24、到查阅,参考,谈到refer to.as.把把称作称作refer.to.把把提交给提交给(以求获得帮助以求获得帮助)(2)reference/n./言及;提及;参考;查阅言及;提及;参考;查阅in/with reference to 关于关于without reference to 与与无关;不管无关;不管7.by chance 碰巧,凑巧碰巧,凑巧by accident 碰巧碰巧 on purpose 故意地,有意地故意地,有意地by design 故意故意By chance he found the very book he was e across(偶然)遇见;碰见(偶然)遇见;碰见Ho
25、w come?为什么?怎么会?怎么搞的?为什么?怎么会?怎么搞的?come about 发生发生come along 一起来;一道走一起来;一道走come down to 下垂到;达到;流传下来下垂到;达到;流传下来come on 得啦;快点得啦;快点come out 出来;出版;开花出来;出版;开花come to 达到;总计为;结果是达到;总计为;结果是come to oneself(昏迷后昏迷后)苏醒过来;恢复理性苏醒过来;恢复理性come up 上来;上来;(从土中从土中)长出,发芽长出,发芽come up with 提出;想出提出;想出come true 实现实现 9.carry on
26、 继续,坚持继续,坚持carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事继续做某事carry off 赢得;获得赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等奖品、荣誉等)carry out 实行;执行;进行;履行实行;执行;进行;履行(诺言、义务等诺言、义务等)carry through 帮帮渡过渡过(难关等难关等);维持;完成;维持;完成2)The meal over,the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion.A.put away B.take downC.look over D.carry on解析解析 put a
27、way收好收好,放好放好,take down写下写下,记下记下;look over从从上面看;查看上面看;查看,检查检查;carry on继续。继续。句意:吃完饭句意:吃完饭,经理们回到会议室继续讨论。经理们回到会议室继续讨论。D.1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她得以开始自己的计划。l此句是此句是onlyonly引导的一个引导的一个倒装
28、句倒装句。当。当onlyonly修饰修饰副副词词 、介词短语、介词短语或或状语从句状语从句,且,且放在句首放在句首时时,主主句必须用句必须用部分倒装结构部分倒装结构。(1)否定副词否定副词(词组词组)never,nor,hardly,little,lseldom,by no means等置于句首时等置于句首时,句子要用部句子要用部分倒装结构。分倒装结构。lNever before have I seen such a moving film.我从来没有看过这样感人的电影。我从来没有看过这样感人的电影。By no means will we give in to them.我们决不会向他们让步。
29、我们决不会向他们让步。(2)so 或或 neither/nor表示前者的情况也适用于另表示前者的情况也适用于另一人或物时一人或物时,其句型为其句型为“so/neither/nor+be/助助动词动词/情态情态动词动词+另一主语另一主语”。soso指肯定情况,指肯定情况,意为意为“也是如此也是如此”,neither/nor,neither/nor适用于前适用于前者是否定的情况者是否定的情况,意为意为“也不这样也不这样”。lLily cant ride,neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。注意注意 如果句意不是如果句意不是“也是如此也是如此
30、”,而仅是对而仅是对前面内容的前面内容的肯定肯定或或附和附和(此时的此时的so=indeed),那,那么句子不可使用倒装语序。么句子不可使用倒装语序。You forgot to take your key with you again!你又忘记带钥匙了!你又忘记带钥匙了!Oh,my god.So I did!噢,我的天哪,我确实忘了带!噢,我的天哪,我确实忘了带!3)so+adj./adv.+that.引导的结果状语从句结构中引导的结果状语从句结构中,so+adj./adv.置于句首时,句子须用部分倒装。置于句首时,句子须用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak Engli
31、sh that he can always make himself understood.他英语讲得如此清晰,以致于别人总能理解他意思他英语讲得如此清晰,以致于别人总能理解他意思。注意注意 that引导的句子不倒装。引导的句子不倒装。(4)在非真实条件句中可省略在非真实条件句中可省略if,把把were,had,should 提到句首构成提到句首构成部分倒装结构部分倒装结构。Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.若明天下雨,我们就不去爬山了。若明天下雨,我们就不去爬山了。2.Once I stop,it all comes crowd
32、ing in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来,所有的一切都会涌上心头,我就我一旦停下来,所有的一切都会涌上心头,我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。解读解读once引导条件状语从句,意为引导条件状语从句,意为“一旦一旦”;crowding in为现在分词短语作伴随状语。为现在分词短语作伴随状语。3.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代,一个女子去学我突然
33、想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么难。医是多么难。解读解读“It hits/hit/strike sb.从句从句”表示表示“某人突然想起某人突然想起”。拓展:拓展:Sth.occurs to sb.It occurs to sb.that.某人想到了某人想到了.4.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.我们当天的首项任务我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。watching a family of chimps wake up是是动名词短语动名词短语
34、,在句中作在句中作主语主语。动名词。动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。l5.I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.直到一天晚上当我坐在电脑旁搜索中直到一天晚上当我坐在电脑旁搜索中国伟大女性的时候我才知道答案。国伟大女性的时候我才知道答案。解读解读not.until.“直到直到才才”。仿写仿写直到三年前从教育战线退休以后直到三年前从教育战线退休以后,他才,他才考虑到国外度假。考虑到国外度假。He _ he retired from teaching three years ago.didnt consider having a holiday abroad until 祝您成功!