1、1.take place1)发生发生Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place?2）举行）举行The singer was ill.The performance didnt take place after all.与与place相关短语：相关短语：in the first place in the last place in ones place in place take ones place take the place of.首先首先,第一点第一点最后最后处于某人的位置处于某人的位置,为为某人设身处地想一想某人设
2、身处地想一想放在原来的位置放在原来的位置,就位就位代替代替,用用而不而不用用找某人接替某人的位置找某人接替某人的位置辨析辨析:take place,happen,occur,break out,come about1)take place 指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。我们学校的运动会将于下周三举行。我们学校的运动会将于下周三举行。Our school sports meeting is going to take place next Friday.2)happen 偶然或未能预见的发生偶然或未能预见的发生,可以和可以和to1)连用或接连用或接that引导的从
3、句。引导的从句。他碰巧没有读过那部小说。他碰巧没有读过那部小说。He happened not to have read the novel.1)It happened that he had read the novel.3)occur 既可指某事偶然发生既可指某事偶然发生,也指某事按计划发生也指某事按计划发生,可与可与happen互换。互换。也有也有想起想起”之意，常与之意，常与to连用连用许多事故是发生在家里的。许多事故是发生在家里的。常用于；常用于；sth occurs to sb/it occurs to sb that.Many accidents occur in the hou
4、se.A good idea occurred to him.4)break out 仅用于负面场合仅用于负面场合,常用于灾难常用于灾难,战争战争,疾病之类事情的突然发生。疾病之类事情的突然发生。发生了大火发生了大火/战争爆发了。战争爆发了。A fire/war broke out.5)come about 属于中性词组属于中性词组,既可用于表达既可用于表达正面事情的发生正面事情的发生,又可用于表达负面事情的又可用于表达负面事情的发生。发生。你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Can you tell me how the accident came about？运用运
5、用 用上述表示用上述表示“发生发生”的词或词组填空。的词或词组填空。Great changes _ in our hometown in the past decade.The traffic accident _ on Tuesday.The war _in 1937.broke out have taken placeoccurred/happened I _to know the person she was looking for.It _ to me that I could ask Zhang Hua for help.The football match will _ tomor
6、row.take placehappenedoccurred1._ adj.美丽的美丽的 _ n.美美;美人美人 _ vt.美化美化beautifybeautybeautiful单词拓展单词拓展点拨：点拨：类似加类似加-ify表动词的词还有表动词的词还有:pure/purify,clarity/clarify,simple/simplify;加加-ful表形容词表形容词,care/careful,hope/hopeful,use/useful等。等。(A)单词派生单词派生3.harvest n/v 收获，收割收获，收割The farmer hired workers for the harve
7、st.a good harvest 丰收丰收 harvester 收割机收割机/人人We will harvest the fruit in autumn.4.celebrate 庆祝庆祝We held a party to celebrate our success.celebration n.congratulate祝贺祝贺congratulate sb.on(doing)sth.I him on passing the exam.congratulation5.starve v.1)挨饿挨饿;饿死饿死Millions of people starved to death during t
8、he war.2)(使某人使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物;缺乏缺乏5.The homeless children were starved for love.3)to feel very hungry 感觉很饿感觉很饿,仅用于进行时态仅用于进行时态 When will dinner be ready?Im starving.5.starvation n.U 饿死饿死1)die of starvation 2)starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资不够维持基本生活的工资 _v.(使使)饿死饿死 _ n.饥饿饥饿点拨：点拨：类似加类似
9、加-ation 变名词的词还有：变名词的词还有：deprive/deprivation,examine/examination,organize/organization,apply/application等。等。starvationstarve6.origin起源，由来，起因起源，由来，起因What was the origin of the accident?The origins of life on earth 可用做可数名词或不可数名词可用做可数名词或不可数名词,通常用作通常用作复数形式复数形式original adj.原始的原始的 _ adj.原始的原始的;最初的最初的 _ n.起
10、源起源;由来由来;起因起因 _ adv.最初最初;本来本来点拨点拨:类似加类似加-al变形容词的词还有变形容词的词还有:nation/national,addition/additional,education/educational,person/personal等。等。originallyoriginalorigin7.religious1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的）宗教上的，信奉宗教的Most western people have religious beliefs.2)虔诚的虔诚的She is a very religious person.religion n.8.in memory
11、of 纪念纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.in honor of in praise ofin celebration of in search of in need ofin favour of in charge of9.belief1)信任信任;信心信心 UI have strong belief in my future.2)信仰信仰Creligious beliefs 宗教信仰宗教信仰 beyond belief 难以置信难以置信believe v._vi.相信相信;信任信任 _ n.信任信任;信心信
12、心;信仰信仰 _ adj.可信的可信的 _ adj.难以置信的难以置信的点拨点拨:类似的词还有类似的词还有:relieve/relief,grieve/grief等。等。unbelievable=incredible believebeliefbelievable10.dress up盛装，打扮盛装，打扮You should dress up when you take part in the party.dress 给给穿衣服穿衣服 dress sb./oneselfWake up children and dress them.Hurry up and get dressed.（动态）（动
13、态）The girl was dressed in red.（静态）（静态）小练：小练：用dress构成的词组填空。（1）The boy _ a short pants.（2）He _ Christmas Father to amuse the children.（3）The kids are too young to _,so she has to _ every morning.was dressed in dressed up as dress themselvesdress them11.trick1)n.诡计，花招诡计，花招They had to think of a trick t
14、o get passed the guards.do/perform a trick 玩把戏玩把戏2)n.窍门，招数窍门，招数Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.3）vt.欺骗，诈骗欺骗，诈骗She tricked the SnowWhite into eating the poisoned apple.The man tricked the old woman out of all her money.trick sb into sth/doing sth 诱骗某人做某事诱骗某人做某事trick sb.out
15、of sth 诱骗某人某物诱骗某人某物12.play a trick/tricks on 捉弄捉弄 戏弄戏弄.The naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.13.poet诗人诗人Li Bai is a great poet who wrote many famous poems.14.arrival1）到达，到来）到达，到来The arrival of the train is 9:00.On our arrival at the farm,we were welcomed by the farmers.2)到达者到达者They went out
16、 to welcome the new arrivals.a new arrival=a babyarrive v _ vi.到达到达 _ n.到来到来;到达到达;到达者到达者点拨点拨:类似的词还有类似的词还有:refuse/refusal,rehearse/rehearsalarrivearrival15.gain1）获得获得He gained full marks in the exam.2)赢得赢得The scientist gained the respect of his students.gain confidence/strength/experience获得信心获得信心/力量力
17、量/经验经验No pains,no gains.谚语谚语不劳无获。不劳无获。说明说明 gain往往指通过努力或有意识的往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得某种有益或有利的东西行动而获得某种有益或有利的东西;get以某种方法或手段得到某种东西。以某种方法或手段得到某种东西。As a student,I should learn from the beginning to gain some practical skills.作为一个毕业生作为一个毕业生,我应该从头学起以获得我应该从头学起以获得一些实际技能。一些实际技能。Where can I get the information？我在哪儿能得到
18、这些信息？我在哪儿能得到这些信息？运用运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。他已获得了他们的尊重。他已获得了他们的尊重。He _.每个男孩都赢得了一份奖品。每个男孩都赢得了一份奖品。Each of the boys _.(has)gained a prizehas gained their respect16.independence独立，自主独立，自主India _(gain)independence from Britain in 1947.depend vdependent adj_adj 独立的，自主的独立的，自主的依靠依靠_不受不受支配的支配的 不依赖的不依赖的i
19、ndependentgainedbe dependent on/upon be independent of _n.独立独立;自主自主 _ adj.独立的独立的;自主的自主的 _ adv.独立地独立地;自主地自主地;自力地自力地点拨点拨:英语中有些名词变形容词时英语中有些名词变形容词时,常把常把-ce改为改为-t,如如:difference/different,violence/violent,existence/existent,significance/significant,importance/important,distant/distance等。等。independentindep
20、endence independently17.gather1）搜集）搜集The writer is gathering materials for his works.2)集合集合The teacher gathered the students around her.3)聚集聚集The clouds are gathering.【辨析辨析】collect 指有计划指有计划,有选择地收集。有选择地收集。He collects stamps.18.award1）v.授予，判定授予，判定They awarded him the title of Hero.Einstein was awarded
21、 the Nobel Prize for Physics.The referee awarded a free kick.2）n.奖，奖品奖，奖品She got the first award in the English contest.The award for the years best actress was a young woman.award sb.sth.=award sth to sb.奖赏某人某物奖赏某人某物辨析辨析:award 和和rewardaward后接双宾语后接双宾语 reward 奖赏奖赏,给给报酬报酬,不能接双宾语不能接双宾语;reward sb.for st
22、h.因因 奖赏某人；奖赏某人；reward sb.with sth.用某物酬劳某人用某物酬劳某人She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work.运用运用 填入一个恰当的词或用所给词的适填入一个恰当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空当形式填空,或完成句子。或完成句子。He _(award)the gold medal _ being the fastest runner.It was a great honor to_(获得这个奖获得这个奖).was awardedforreceive the awa
23、rd The school _(给给玛丽发奖玛丽发奖)for her good work.awarded Mary a prize联想联想:reward vt.酬谢酬谢;奖赏奖赏n.酬谢酬谢;报答报答reward sb.for.因因而酬谢而酬谢/奖赏某人奖赏某人19.produce1)v 生产生产The factory produces 1,000 cars a week.2）n 产品产品,尤指农产品尤指农产品The shop sells only fresh local produce.product 产品产品 production 产量产量 productive 多产的，生产的多产的，生产
24、的 a productive writer20.admire1)1)钦佩钦佩,羡慕羡慕We all admire him for his courage and bravery.admire sb.for sth.在某方面钦佩某人在某方面钦佩某人2)欣赏欣赏I admire your poems very much.1)3)赞美赞美He admired her new dress.admiration n.21.look forward to(doing)sth.期待着期待着(做做)某事某事Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.Hes
25、looking forward to _(hear)from his pen pal.hearing look的短语 look out for look back on look down upon/onlook on as look intolook up tobe used to/lead todevote to/stick to object to/refer toadd to/be accustom topay attention toto 为介词的短语22.day and night 日夜日夜;昼夜昼夜;整天整天She is ill.Her mother has to take ca
26、re of her day and night in the hospital.1、词语派生、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.The children were wearing traditional _ dress.(nation)2.Mexico gained its _ from Spain in l821.(depend)3.A local poor peasant _ the soldiers through the forest.(leader)4.There is no doubt that the basic needs of the
27、people should be _ first.(satisfy)5.The countrys economy is mainly _ and depends on crops like coffee.(agriculture)national independence led satisfied agricultural 6.Most British schools organize _ events for the students.(society)7.I tried aerobics(有氧运动有氧运动)but it was too _ for me.(energy)8.Hes dee
28、ply _ and goes to church twice a week.(religion)9.I hate the smell of paint when Im _.(decorate)10.Smoking is _ to our health.(harm)social energetic religious decorating harmful 2、词组互译、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._ 发生，举行发生，举行 2._ 节日和庆祝活动节日和庆祝活动3._ 为了纪念为了纪念4._ 以以形式形式 5._ 打扮打扮6._ 开玩笑，恶作剧开玩笑
29、，恶作剧7._ 用用装饰装饰 8._ 聚集在一起聚集在一起9._ 盼望，期待盼望，期待 10._ 日日夜夜日日夜夜take placefestivals and celebrationsin memory ofin the shape ofdress upplay a trick ondecorate with get togetherlook forward today and night23.clothing 服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）an article of clothing 一件衣服一件衣服The cost of food,clothing and
30、shelter is high.辨析辨析:cloth,clothes,clothing1)cloth 指做衣服等用的材料指做衣服等用的材料,如布料如布料,毛料毛料,丝绸等丝绸等,不可数。不可数。“一块布料一块布料”是是 a piece of cloth.注意注意:cloth 指具体用途的布时指具体用途的布时,可与冠词连用。可与冠词连用。a table cloth 一块桌布一块桌布a dish cloth 一块擦碗布一块擦碗布2)clothes 指具体的衣服指具体的衣服,包括上衣包括上衣,裤子等裤子等,不能不能与不定冠词或数词连用与不定冠词或数词连用,但可与物主代词但可与物主代词,指示指示代词代
31、词,少数不定代词连用。作主语时少数不定代词连用。作主语时,谓语用谓语用复数形式。复数形式。He wears fine clothes.他穿着很讲究。他穿着很讲究。3)clothing 是衣服是衣服,服装的总称服装的总称,是集合名词。是集合名词。作主语时候作主语时候,谓语谓语动词用动词用单数形式。单数形式。如果要表示如果要表示“一件衣服一件衣服”时时,可以说可以说an article of clothing 或或a piece of clothing,但不能用但不能用 a suit of clothing那家商店卖童装。那家商店卖童装。The shop sells childrens cloth
32、ing.24.as thoughas though和和as if没有什么区别。没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些用得普遍些,却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句,其从句谓语其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。常用虚拟语气。1)引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含从句谓语中又含有动词有动词be时时,可以把主语和可以把主语和 be一起省去。一起省去。He looked about
33、as though(he was)in search of something.他四处张望他四处张望,好像寻找什么。好像寻找什么。2)引导表语从句引导表语从句It looks as if its going to rainas though和和as if从句用从句用虚拟语气虚拟语气,还是用陈述还是用陈述语气语气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。通常用虚拟语气。The child talks as if she were an adult.He talked as
34、if he had known everything.虚拟语气用法 主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时（主句为现在时，（主句为现在时，从句从句用一般过去式）用一般过去式）Eg:1.He behaves as if he owned this place.2.Why is she looking at me as though he knew me?(特例：特例：You look as if you had seen a ghost.谈论对过去的假设现在造成的影响谈论对过去的假设现在造成的影响)主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时 一、一般情况下主句为一般过去从句用一、一般情况下主句为一般过去从句用过
35、去完成时过去完成时。Eg:1.They talked as if they had been friends for years.2.It was as if he had lost his last friend.二、如果表是过去的状态，从句谓语动词二、如果表是过去的状态，从句谓语动词 用一般用一般过去式。过去式。Eg:1.She spoke as if I were deaf.2.He behaved as though he were better than us.三、如果从句动词为三、如果从句动词为情态动词情态动词则用则用一般过去式一般过去式。Eg：She felt as though
36、 she could hardly endure such a life不表示假设意义 Eg:1.I feel as if I am going to faint.(病的很厉害真要晕了。)2.It looks as though it is going to rain（乌云满天。）3.It seems as if we will have to go home on foot（没车了。）25.have fun(with sb)(与某人与某人)玩得开心玩得开心 We had fun with each other on that day.fun为不可数名词为不可数名词,没有复数没有复数,也不能加
37、也不能加a.make fun of 取笑取笑for fun read for fun adj.funny 有趣的有趣的26.custom1)风俗风俗The celebration of the Spring Festival is a custom for Chinese.It is the custom for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.2)习惯习惯=habitIt was her custom to rise early.the Customs 海关海关custom n.风俗、习俗So ma
38、ny countries,so many customs.Social customs are different from country to country.It is the custom(for sb)to do sth 做.是一种习俗/惯例It is the custom for the chinese to greet each other custom habit“风俗习惯”社会或团体许多人长期 形成的习惯一个人的习惯习性一个人的习惯习性 运用运用 请将下列句子译成英文请将下列句子译成英文(1)不同的国家都有自己的风俗习惯。不同的国家都有自己的风俗习惯。_(2)趁年轻时养成趁年
39、轻时养成(form)好习惯。好习惯。_Every country has its own customs.Form good habits while you are young.27.worldwide世界性的世界性的Wild life protection has attracted worldwide attention.28.fool1)n.愚人，白痴，受骗者愚人，白痴，受骗者I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.2）v.愚弄，欺骗愚弄，欺骗Youre fooling yourself if you think playing compute
40、r games will not affect your studies.29.permission允许，许可允许，许可I asked for his permission to use the car.You have my permission to leave.permit sb.to do sth.30.turn up.1)出席出席(某活动某活动),出现出现 We planned to meet at 7:00,but he didnt turn up.2)把把(收音机等收音机等)音量开大一些音量开大一些Turn up the radio a little,I can hardly h
41、ear the program.The teacher turned down the students suggestions.拒绝拒绝I thought it would rain the next day,but itturned out to be a sunny day.结果是结果是turn off 关掉关掉 turn on 打开打开turn to sb.for help 向某人求助向某人求助小练：小练：用turn词组填空。（1）Don t worry.The file is sure to _.（2）Please _ the television _ a bit,I can t h
42、ear clearly.（3）It _ that it was Tim who broke the vase.（4）The sad child _ his mother for comfort.turn upturn upturned upturned to31.keep ones word守信，履行诺言守信，履行诺言I promised my teacher to work hard,I must.=perform ones word.break ones word 失信失信Dont break your word,otherwise,no one will trust you.word 此
43、处为诺言为不可数名词此处为诺言为不可数名词消息消息Word came that he had succeeded.32.hold ones breath=stop breathing for a time 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake.All Americans held their breath to see who would win the election.take breath 歇会儿歇会儿get ones breath 喘过气来喘过气来be out of breath 喘不过气来喘不过气来bre
44、athe v.You must apologize to the teacher for being so rude.33.apologize道歉道歉 say sorryapologize to sb for(doing)sth apology n.表达道歉表达道歉接受道歉接受道歉拒绝道歉拒绝道歉make/offer an apologyaccept an apologyrefuse an apologyI apologise for what I said just now.我为刚才说的话道歉。我为刚才说的话道歉。搭配：熟记下列搭配。搭配：熟记下列搭配。(1)apologise for st
45、h.因因而道歉而道歉(2)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth 因因(做做)某事向某人道歉某事向某人道歉.(3)make/offer an apology to sb.for(doing)sth.因因(做做)某某事向某人表示道歉事向某人表示道歉运用运用 请将下列句子译成英文请将下列句子译成英文(1)他因让女朋友等了好长时间而向她道歉。他因让女朋友等了好长时间而向她道歉。_ having kept her waiting for a long time.(2)请接受我诚意的请接受我诚意的(sincere)道歉。道歉。_ Please accept my sincere ap
46、ology.He apologized to his girl friend for 34.drown(drowned,drowned)v.1)淹死淹死Dont play by the river in case you fall and drown.There was a drowning man.(快要淹死的）快要淹死的）drowned 已经淹死的已经淹死的2)浸浸,泡泡借借 消愁消愁 drown ones sorrow/sadness inThe floods drowned the streets and houses.3)淹没淹没The noise in the street dro
47、wned out her voice.35.obvious adj.明显的明显的,清楚的清楚的His meaning is obvious.1)be obvious+to+表示人的名词或代词表示人的名词或代词Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.2)It+be+obvious+that-clauseIt is obvious that you are wrong.Obviously,he is telling a lie.36.wipe1）擦擦/抹某物抹某物Wipe your hands with the handkerchief.2)把把擦
48、掉，抹掉擦掉，抹掉The girl wiped her tears away.3）把）把擦干擦干The students wiped the floor dry.37.weep(wept,wept)哭泣，流泪哭泣，流泪Failing in the exam,the girl wept over/for her bad learning results.38.set off1)动身动身,出发出发;Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.2)使使(地雷、炸弹地雷、炸弹)爆炸爆炸;The bomb set off among the crow
49、d.3)使某物更有吸引力使某物更有吸引力A woman s beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery.set about doing sth.着手着手(做某事做某事)set in 开始开始set up 建立建立,创立创立 set down 写下写下,记下记下set somebody to do something.使某人开始工作使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种状态使某人处于某种状态 39.remind 提醒提醒,使想起使想起 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起使某人想起 rem
50、ind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that 提醒提醒The photo reminds me of my mother.Remind me to take my books tomorrow.My teacher reminded me that I should finish my homework on time.What you said just now _ me of that American professor.A.mentioned B.informedC.reminded D.memorized C40.forgive(for
