1、The Usage of Absolute Structure part I独立结构的用法（一）review some key words subject主语；predicate谓语；non-finite非谓语；noun 名词;present participle现在分词;past participle过去分词;infinitive不定式;continuous 进行式；active主动的；passive 被动的What is absolute structure?1.Going eastward,youll pass mountains.2.Seen from the hill,the cit
2、y looks more beautiful.3.To order a car,you have to pay a deposit(押金).4.Time permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.5.Work done,we went home.6.So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.1.Going eastward,youll pass mountains.As you go eastward,youll pass mountains.Doing.,S+V 2.Seen from th
3、e hill,the city looks more beautiful.When the city is seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Done.,S+V 3.To order a car,you have to pay a deposit(押金).If you order a car,you have to pay a deposit.To do.,S+V Time permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.S2+doing,S1+V 5.Work done,we went h
4、ome.S2+done,S1+V 6.So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.S2+to do,S1+V S2+doing,S1+V or S1+V,S2+doing S2+done,S1+V or S1+V,S2+done S2+to do,S1+V or S1+V,S2+to do rule1:a comma rule2:two subjects rule3:two verbs,predicate and non-finite Choose the sentences using the absolute structure.1.W
5、inter coming,it gets colder and colder.2.To be a winner,you need to try your best.3.More time given,we should have done it much better.4.Guided by these principles,they went on with the work.5.The manager looks worried,many things to settle.6.Hearing the news,they all danced for joy.the keys 1.Winte
6、r coming,it gets colder and colder.3.More time given,we should have done it much better.5.The manager looks worried,many things to settle.Pay attention to doing,done,to do in the absolute structure.Can you tell the differences?1.Time permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.If time permits,we wil
7、l go for a picnic tomorrow.2.Work done,we went home.After work had been done,we went home.3.So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.As so many people will help him,he is sure to succeed.Another example The girl staring at him,he didnt know what to say.As the girl was staring at him,he didnt
8、 know what to say.summary doingdoingdonedoneto doto dotensetensecontinuouspastfuturevoicevoiceactivepassiveactiveExercise:Multiple choice1.The soldier rushed into the cave,his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat.A held;covered B.holding;covering C.holding;covered D.held;covering2.Nobody tom
9、orrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week.A.coming B.come C.to come D.is comingKEYS:1C 2CExercise:filling 1.Weather (permit),we are going to visit you tomorrow.2.Her work (do),she sat down for a cup of tea.3.He proposed a picnic,he (provide)the food.permittingdone to provideExercise:c
10、orrect the following sentences.1.The test finishing,we began our holiday.2.The boy led the way,we had no trouble finding the strange cave.3.The manager looks worried，many things settled.the keys 1.The test finished,we began our holiday.2.The boy leading the way,we had no trouble finding the strange
11、cave.3.The manager looks worried，many things to settle.summary S2+doing,S1+V or S1+V,S2+doing S2+done,S1+V or S1+V,S2+done S2+to do,S1+V or S1+V,S2+to do rule1:a comma rule2:two subjects rule3:two verbs,predicate and non-finitesummary doingdoingdonedoneto doto dotensetensecontinuouspastfuturevoicevo
12、iceactivepassiveactive The food being cooked,the boy was watching TV.Many trees to be planted,our school will look more beautiful.homework Review what we have learned Multiple choice 1.The cave _ very dark,he lit some candles to give light.A.was B.was C.being D.being 2.The children went home from th
13、e school,their lessons _ for the day.A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished 3.Here are the first two books,the third one out next month.A.coming B.come C.to come D.will come Keys 1C 2B 3CFill the blanks 1.The problems (solve),the quality has been improved.2.The professor entered the l
14、ab,his students (follow)him.3.So many people (help)him,he is sure to succeed.solvedfollowingto helpCorrect the following sentences.1.The meeting been over,all of us went home.2.Everything taking into consideration,the plan seems to be more workable.3.An important lecture given tomorrow,the professor has to stay up late into the night.keys 1.The meeting being over,all of us went home.2.Everything taken into consideration,the plan seems to be more workable.3.An important lecture to be given tomorrow,the professor has to stay up late into the night.
