1、初中英语语法难点初中英语语法难点及教学策略及教学策略贵阳十中贵阳十中 余余 嬿嬿一、引一、引 言言 英语作为语言的一种，其学习也要遵英语作为语言的一种，其学习也要遵循它的基本规律。循它的基本规律。英语语法能力的掌握是掌握其它诸多英语语法能力的掌握是掌握其它诸多 能力的基础。能力的基础。有了一定的语法基础，对于学生能有了一定的语法基础，对于学生能 准确的表达、正确的理解准确的表达、正确的理解,有着有着 至关重要的作用。至关重要的作用。我在初中英语语法教学中的一些方法我在初中英语语法教学中的一些方法演绎归纳穿插教学法演绎归纳穿插教学法比较教学法比较教学法图表教学法图表教学法表格教学法表格教学法口诀
2、教学法口诀教学法1.演绎，归纳穿插教学法：演绎，归纳穿插教学法：案例一：案例一：语法：一般将来时语法：一般将来时一、概念：一、概念：即将发生的动作或存在的状态。即将发生的动作或存在的状态。二、构成：二、构成：主语主语+will/be going to+V原原+其它其它三、标志词：三、标志词：tomorrow next in+将来的段时间等将来的段时间等例如：1.我们明天要去看电影。我们明天要去看电影。We will go to see a movie tomorrow.2.我和我的父母下个星期天要去看我的我和我的父母下个星期天要去看我的爷爷奶奶。爷爷奶奶。My parents and I wi
3、ll/are going to see my grandparents next Sunday.案例二：案例二：I like music that I can dance to.先行词先行词 指物指物 关系代词关系代词 作宾语作宾语 可省可省 I like musicians who write their own songs.先行词先行词 指人指人 关系代词关系代词 作主语作主语 不可省不可省 She likes singers who sing the words clearly.先行词先行词 指人指人 关系代词关系代词 作主语作主语 不可省不可省 He doesnt like songs
4、 that are too loud.先行词先行词 指物指物 关系代词关系代词 作主语作主语 不可省不可省2.比较教学法：比较教学法：案例三：案例三：1.tomorrow,at home.2.free this night,you.3.you,English well.4.a doctor,the sick boy.+，+IfIfIfIfitI 主语主语rainsamV原原/现三单现三单weI主语主语 willcanWill/canstayhelpV原原IfIfIfIfIhe 主语主语 +，+werewereV过去式过去式Ihe主语主语 wouldcouldwould/couldstudyhe
5、lpV原原nearbehindunderoninIn front of3.3.图表教学法图表教学法beside第一第一人称人称第二第二人称人称第三第三人称人称主格主格IWeYouHeSheItThey宾格宾格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性名词性物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词4.4.表格教学法：表格教学法：meusyouHerHimitthem5.口诀教学法：口诀教学法：1）名词由单数变为复数，以）名词由单数变为复数，以o结尾的词有：结尾的词有：Negro,hero,tomato,potato.我们可以这样我们可以这样说：说：黑人，英雄吃土豆和西红柿黑人，英雄吃土豆和西红柿。2）名词由
6、单数变为复数，以）名词由单数变为复数，以f(fe)结尾的词有：结尾的词有：leaf,half,wife,knife,self,wolf,thief.我们我们可以这样说：可以这样说：树叶，半数自己数，妻子拿刀树叶，半数自己数，妻子拿刀去割粮，然后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙去割粮，然后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。3）基数词变序数词的口诀：）基数词变序数词的口诀：一，二，三要全变，八去一，二，三要全变，八去t,九去九去e,ve要用要用f替，替，y变成变成ie,th最后加上去，若是碰到几十几，只最后加上去，若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以变个位就可以。区别：区别：sometimes,some times
7、,sometime,some time口诀：口诀：有有“s”是是“有时有时”，无无“s”是是“某时某时”，有有“s”分开分开“好几次好几次”，无无“s”分开分开“一段时一段时”二、英语句子结构二、英语句子结构和英语句子成分和英语句子成分讲解及练习讲解及练习1.She came 主主 +不及物动词不及物动词 2.She likes English。主主+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语3.She is hungry.主主+系系+表表4.She gave Tom a gift 主主+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 5.She bought a book for me.主主+动词动词
8、 +直接宾语直接宾语 +间接宾语间接宾语 6.She makes her mother angry 主主+动词动词 +宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语 7.The teacher asked me to read the book.主主 +动词动词 +宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语 英语简单句的五种基本句型英语简单句的五种基本句型1.S+V+O 主+谓+宾2.S+V 主+谓（不及物动词）3.S+V+P 主+系+表4.S+V+O+O 主+谓+双宾语5.S+V+O+C 主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语 We saw you.否：We didnt see you.We did our homework.Y
9、ou are beautiful 否：You arent beautiful.You seem worried.You are a student.都有三部分，主语也一样时态一致都有三部分，主语也一样时态一致 动词不同动词不同（实义动词（实义动词 ，系动词），系动词），否定式不同否定式不同:+助动词，助动词，不用不用 表语可以是形容词，宾语不行表语可以是形容词，宾语不行 只有宾语有补只有宾语有补足语足语 相同点：相同点：不同点不同点:句子成分：句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种英语句子成分分为七种主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。补足语。1、I
10、m Miss Yu.2、Tom cleans his bedroom every day.3、My name is Yu Yan.4、He can speak English.He gave me a gift.5.He gave a gift to me.(主语主语)（谓语）（谓语）（表语）（表语）（宾语）（宾语）（间宾）（直宾）（间宾）（直宾）（直宾（直宾)（间宾）（间宾）5、Wuhan is a big city.6、He works hard.7 They usually keep their classroom clean.8.He often helps me do my home
11、work.9.The teacher wanted me to learn English all by myself.Where is your classmate Tom?（定语）（定语）（状语）（状语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）1.Subject（主语）The sun rises in the east He likes swimming.Twenty years is a short time in history.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is
12、 a book.It is very hard that we study English well.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）(数词数词)（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（主语从句）（主语从句）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given b
13、y my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.Verb：(谓语)We study English.He is asleep.(二二).选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer
14、Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon（B）（A）（C）（A）3.Predicative：（表语）：（表语）She is a nurse.Five and five is ten.He is asleep.Our teacher is in.A bag is on the desk.My key is lost.The que
15、stion is whether they will come.(名词名词)（数词）（数词）（形容词）（形容词）（副词）（副词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（形容词化的分词）（形容词化的分词）常见连系动词常见连系动词 状态系动词，用来表示主语的状态，只有状态系动词，用来表示主语的状态，只有be动动词一词。词一词。持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况和态度。主要有况和态度。主要有keep,stay,remain 等。等。感官系动词，也叫半系动词，主要有感官系动词，也叫半系动词，主要有look，feel,smell,sound,taste.变化系动词，用来
16、表示主语怎么样，主要有变化系动词，用来表示主语怎么样，主要有become，grow,turn,fall,get等。等。归纳：归纳：一个一个“是是”(is,am,are)；一个；一个“感感觉觉”(feel);一个一个“保持保持”(keep)；一个一个“似似乎乎”(seem);四个四个“起来起来”(taste；smell；look；sound)口诀：口诀：一一“是是”；一；一“感感”；一；一“保持保持”；起来起来四个；四个；“好像好像”一下一下“变变了了”三三Eg:He is a teacher.We must keep our classroom clear.Everyone should st
17、ay healthy.That sounds interesting.The orange tastes good.The day gets longer in summer.He became mad after that.比较：The dinner smells good.（晚餐闻起来很香。）The girl is smelling the flower.（那女孩正在闻着花。）I can smell something burning.(我能闻到有一股烧焦的味道。)(三三)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.Why i
18、s he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon they all became interested in the subject.He is the first man to know about it.tired worried yellow interested first 4.Object:(宾语宾语)1)I like China.He hates you.How many do you need?We need two.I enjoy playing basketball with you.I hope to see
19、 you again.Do you know where he lives?(名词名词)（代词）（代词）数词数词动名词动名词（动词不定式）（动词不定式）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）2）pHe bought me a book yesterday.=He bought a book for me yesterday.pGive the poor man some money.=Give some money to the poor man.(四四)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the wor
20、ld speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimming5.Objective complement (宾语补足语宾语补足语)We elected him monitor.We shouldnt
21、make them unhappy.I found nobody in.Please make yourself at home.Dont let him do that.My mother asked me to make the bed.Dont keep the lights burning.Ill have my bike repaired.(五五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read English in the morning.He asked her to take the boy out of schoo
22、l.She found it difficult to finish the work.They call me Meimei sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.Did you hear him singing the song?6.Attribute：(定语定语)u YuYan is an English teacher.u She is my good friend.u We belong to the third world.u He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.u The man ov
23、er there is my husbandu The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（形容词）（形容词）(副词副词)(介词介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well.You should do everything that I do.（现在分词）（现在分词）（过去分词）（过去分词）（不定式）
24、（不定式）（定语从句）（定语从句）(六六)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7.Adverbial：(状语状语)I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held i
25、n the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like singing very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young,he can do it well.（时间）（时间）（地点）（地点）（原因
26、）（原因）（目的）（目的）（结果）（结果）（程度）（程度）（条件）（条件）（方式）（方式）（让步）（让步）(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile .he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English The man on the motorbike was travelling Miss Li hurried off.on her faceEvery nightwhen he was eleven.too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,互
27、动一：互动一：There be 句型的教法句型的教法There beThere be句式表示句式表示“有有”时，它表示一种存在时，它表示一种存在关系，即：它指存在的有，通常带有一个地关系，即：它指存在的有，通常带有一个地点状语，意为点状语，意为“某地（时候）有某地（时候）有某人某人/某物某物”。句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词。句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词或名词词组。或名词词组。Eg:1.There is a blackboard in the classroom.2.There are five minutes to go.3.There are two old women and a ma
28、n waiting for you at the gate.4.There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.从上面例句可以看出，该句式中从上面例句可以看出，该句式中be动词的单复数形式取动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况：决于以下两种情况：（1）该句式中只有一个主语，主语为单数时，）该句式中只有一个主语，主语为单数时，be动词用单数；主语若为复数，动词用单数；主语若为复数，be动词也用复动词也用复数。数。（2）该句式中有几个并列主语，则按就近原则）该句式中有几个并列主语，则按就近原则处理，即与靠近处理，即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致。动词的第一个
29、主语保持一致。例如：例如：1.There_ a tree in front of the building.2.There _ three apples on the table.3.There _ only two pens,a dictionary and a textbook on the desk.isareare拓展：拓展：There be句式中，句式中，be动词有各种变化形式。动词有各种变化形式。（1）be动词有时态变化，可以为一般现在时、一般过动词有时态变化，可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等。例如：例如：1.Th
30、ere are a lot of people in the meeting-room.2.There was little left.3.There have been many such traffic accidents in the past few years.4.When he got there,he found there had been no one waiting for him in the room.5.Without air,there would be no living things.6.There is going to be a storm tomorrow
31、 morning.（2）There be句式中，句式中，be之前可以有情态动词。之前可以有情态动词。常用句型为：常用句型为：There may be sb./sth+某地某地.(可能有某人可能有某人/某物在某地某物在某地)There must be sb./sth+某地某地.(一定是有某人一定是有某人/某物在某地某物在某地)1.There may be some people who dont like the film.2.There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.互动二：英语中时态的教法互动二：英语中时态的
32、教法一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时进行时现在完成时进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时nowfuturepastNow:1.一般现在时：一般现在时：do does2.现在进行时：现在进行时：be doingPast:1.一般过去时：一般过去时：did2.现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has done3.现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：have/has been doing4.过去完成时：过去完成时：had doneFuture:Will/shall doBe going to doBe to do以动词do为例Thanks for your Thanks for your lisTeninglisTening!
