1、TOEFL&IELTS长难句精讲第二章 非谓语动词和谓语动词2.1 非非谓语动词谓语动词 3种：动词不定式，动词的分词和动名词不定式分词动名词动词原形：study带to的不定式：to study例子：Scott liked to study English.现在分词：studying；过去分词：studied例子：Scott is studying.例子：English should be carefully studied.例子：Scott enjoys studying.2.1.1 不定式a.名词不定式名词不定式To take a trip around the world is my d
2、ream.I want to see him.My plan is to see her.主语宾语表语 不定式做主语，可用形式主语It取代 It is my dream to take a trip around the world.名词不定式：it+宾补+名词不定式 I think it interesting to hike.I make it a habit to get up early.b.形容词不定式形容词不定式 形容词不定式一般采取后位修饰，修饰前面的名词或代词 I have some homework to do.I have no desire to argue with h
3、im.There is something to do.注意注意 1：There is something to do.There is something to be done.（强调被动的概念）注意注意 2：My plan is to see my little brother.（既可以看作名词也可以看作形容词不定式）c.副词不定式副词不定式 He came to see me.He sang a song to please her.He is able to handle this tough matter.Scott is apt to lie.My son is old enoug
4、h to go to school.He is too old to swim.修饰动词修饰形容词修饰副词2.1.2 分词 现在分词（V+ing）和过去分词（V+ed）助动词+分词 复合谓语分词的用法1.分词分词可以作为形容词用可以作为形容词用 表主动表主动/被动的被动的概念概念 表表进行进行/完成的完成的概念概念 The retiring professor walked into the classroom.The retired worker took a trip all around the world.This movie is pretty exciting.I was exci
5、ted when I watched the movie.2.分词可作名词使用分词可作名词使用 The wounded were rushed into the hospital.The unexpected has happened.3.分词分词可做副词可做副词用用 It is freezing cold today.The tea is boiling hot.2.1.3 动名词 动名词的形态与现在分词完全一样；动名词具有名词的性质，在句中也可以作主语、宾语及表语1.动名词动名词作主作主语语 Playing with him is fun.Seeing is believing.动名词构成
6、的主语一般表示单数。例如：Helping others gives me great pleasure.2.动名词动名词作作表语表语 Seeing is believing.His hobby is collecting stamps.注意动名词作表语和现在分词的区别：He is dancing.（表正在发生的动作）His hobby is dancing.（表示一种状态）若“A is B=B is A”，V+ing是动名词，否则即为现在分词3.动名词动名词作作宾语宾语 I liked dancing.Somebody does not enjoy singing.He is fond of
7、talking a lot.His illness prevented us from starting our own business.4.名词名词性从句改写成动名词的所有格性从句改写成动名词的所有格形式形式 That he teaches well is well-known.His teaching well is well-known.I believe that he studies hard.I believe his studying hard.2.2 谓语动词谓语动词 主要由实义动词充当，可单独当谓语；be动词和某些动词短语也可以是谓语动词；助动词，情态动词不能单独作谓语 I
8、 see a beautiful girl.（实义动词）She is pretty beautiful.（系动词）I do like this book.（助动词，复合谓语）You should finish your homework tonight.（情态动词，复合谓语）I see a beautiful girl.（原形）He sees a beautiful girl.（三单）I saw a beautiful girl.（过去式）原形三单过去式 Be+现在分词现在分词=进行进行时时 He is reading a book.Be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词=被动被动语态语态
9、 He was elected president.Have+过去分词过去分词=完成完成时态时态 He has written the letter.Do+not+动词原形动词原形=表表否定否定 I do not see him.Do+动词原形动词原形=表表强调强调 He did work hard.课堂练习 The teachers in the program described how they found it difficult to put aside the immediate demands of others in order to give themselves the t
10、ime they needed to develop their reflective skills.Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyones remuneration,publicizing performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum rather than spreading them out over an entire year are examples of actions that will make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating.
