1、Module 5Great people and Great inventions of Ancient China Language Points必修三必修三1.In ancient China,private teachers traveled from state to state explainingtheir philosophy.from+n.+to+n.从一个从一个到另一个到另一个from door to door 挨家挨户地挨家挨户地他挨家挨户的乞讨他挨家挨户的乞讨.He begged from door to door.from morning to night 从早到晚从早
2、到晚工人们从早到晚得辛勤劳作工人们从早到晚得辛勤劳作.The workers worked hard from morning to night.from time to time 时而不时地时而不时地 他时而不时地停下来看表他时而不时地停下来看表.He stopped from time to time to look at his watch.from head to foot 从头到脚从头到脚他受伤了，从头到脚都疼。他受伤了，从头到脚都疼。He is injured,feeling pain from head to foot.from generation to generation
3、一代代地一代代地这些古老的歌谣应该一代代地传下去。这些古老的歌谣应该一代代地传下去。These traditional ballads should be passed down from generation to generation.explaining their philosophy.现在分词短现在分词短语做伴随状语。语做伴随状语。1.Ford tried dividing the labor,each worker_ a separate taskA.assigning B.assigned C.was assigned D.would be assigned 2.The lect
4、ure _,he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.A.began B.beginning C.having begun D.being beginning ExercisesBC3.Such _ the case,there are no grounds to justify your complaintsA.being B.is C.was D.to be4.Darkness _ in,the young people lingered on merr
5、ymakingA.set B.setting C.has set D.was set AB5.With all factors _,We think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goalA.being considered B.considering C.considered D.are considered 6.A new technique _,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A.to have been worked out B.having wo
6、rked out C.working out D.having been worked out CD7.On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still,ears _,alert,listening.A.pointed B.pointing C.are pointed D.are pointing 8.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office,but our work _,we declined the offerA.not being finish
7、ed B.not having finished C.had not been finished D.was not finished AA9.There are various kinds of metals,each _ its own propertiesA.has B.had C.to have D.having 10.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each _ one major point in contrast with the otherA.makes B.made C.is
8、 to make D.making DD2.Confuciuss teachings influenced societyfor more than 2000 years.influence n./v.影响影响 have an influence on/upon 对对有影响有影响influential adj.有影响力的有影响力的 受我们老师的影响，我选择了学医。受我们老师的影响，我选择了学医。Influenced by the teacher,I took up thestudy of medicine.他对他女儿产生了很大的影响他对他女儿产生了很大的影响.He had a great in
9、fluence on his daughter.effective adj.有影响力的有影响力的effect n.影响影响,效果效果,作用作用affect vt.影响影响,感动感动 沙尘暴严重影响了人民的生活。沙尘暴严重影响了人民的生活。Sandstorms have affected peoples life greatly.3.Other important teachers included Mencius and Mozi.比较比较:other,another,others and the othereach other,one after another还有其他问题吗？还有其他问题吗
10、？Are there any other questions?有一些设计比其他的要好。有一些设计比其他的要好。Some designs are better than others.他有两个儿子一个五岁另一个七岁。他有两个儿子一个五岁另一个七岁。He has two sons.One is 5 years old and the other is 7.我丢了我的钢笔我丢了我的钢笔,我可以再买一只吗？我可以再买一只吗？I have lost my pen.May I buy another one?我们应该互相帮助。我们应该互相帮助。We should help each other.放学了放学
11、了,学生们一个接一个地离开了教室。学生们一个接一个地离开了教室。The class was over so the students left the Classroom one after another.include 包含包含,包括包括 (侧重包含范围侧重包含范围)contain (侧重包含内容侧重包含内容,成分成分)我买了你所需要的一切我买了你所需要的一切,包括一本指导书。包括一本指导书。I have brought everything youll need,including a guidebook/a guidebook included.4.Menciuss ideas wer
12、e very similar to thoseof Confucius,but some of Mozis thought were very different.be similar to 与与类似类似 similarly 以类似的方法以类似的方法 similarity n 相似性相似性.你对教育的观点和我的相似。你对教育的观点和我的相似。Your views on education are similar to mine.夫妇俩在他们各自选择的事业上都很成功。夫妇俩在他们各自选择的事业上都很成功。They couple are similarly successful in their
13、chosen careers.他们演唱的风格有点相像。他们演唱的风格有点相像。There is some similarity in the way they sing.those 代替前面提到的代替前面提到的 the+复数可数名词复数可数名词树上的苹果比篮子里的苹果看起来要好。树上的苹果比篮子里的苹果看起来要好。The apples on the tree look nicer than those in the basket.5.Man is born good.be born 生来就是生来就是,后接后接 adj.n.to do.他出生于于富有的家庭。他出生于于富有的家庭。He was b
14、orn rich.没有人生来就事事顺利。没有人生来就事事顺利。No one is born to succeed in life.born 可作定语可作定语,天生的天生的他是一个天生的老师他是一个天生的老师/诗人。诗人。He was a born teacher/poet.6.All human beings are equal.equal adj./n./v.相同的相同的,同等的同等的/平等平等/等于等于equally adv.平等地平等地 equality n.平等平等,均等均等 be equal to（力气、能力、勇气等）相当的（力气、能力、勇气等）相当的,能能胜任的胜任的 妇女要求同工
15、同酬。妇女要求同工同酬。Women demand equal pay for equal work.Bob很胜任管理办公室的工作。很胜任管理办公室的工作。Bob is quite equal to the job of running the office.我不如玛丽漂亮。我不如玛丽漂亮。Im not the equal of Mary in beauty.7.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.in way 用用方法，后接定语从句方法，后接定语从句,用用that/in which/或省略。或省略。很快我习惯了美国人的做事方式。很快我习
16、惯了美国人的做事方式。Soon I got used to American ways of doing things.我讨厌他说话的方式。我讨厌他说话的方式。I hate the way he talked.8.I very much agree with statement 4.agree with 同意（某人、某人的话）适应某同意（某人、某人的话）适应某地的天气；地的天气；agree to 同意，后面接计划、安排、提议等；同意，后面接计划、安排、提议等；agree on 就就达成一致意见。达成一致意见。我同意你所说的话。我同意你所说的话。I agree with what you sai
17、d.我们不得不同意这个计划我们不得不同意这个计划/安排安排/提议。提议。We have to agree to this plan/arrangement/proposal.经过进一步讨论，双方就下次会议的日经过进一步讨论，双方就下次会议的日期达成了一致意见。期达成了一致意见。After a further discussion,both sides agreed on the date for the next meeting.9.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.be at wa
18、r with 处于交战状态处于交战状态.伊拉克与美国正处于交战状态伊拉克与美国正处于交战状态.Irak and the United States are at war with each other now.10.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.a time 意为意为“一个时期，一段时间一个时期，一段时间”曾经有一段时间我讨厌去上学。曾经有一段时间我讨厌去上学。There used to be a time when I hated going to school.11.Confucius(551B
19、C-479 BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.Whose influence has been the greatest 为定语从为定语从句，修饰句，修饰philosopher。Whose 在定语从句中作定在定语从句中作定语。语。我住在窗子朝南的房子里。我住在窗子朝南的房子里。I live a in house whose windows face south.我认识一个叫玛丽的女孩儿。我认识一个叫玛丽的女孩儿。I know a girl whose name is Mary.12.He stressed t
20、he importance of kindness,duty And order.stress v.强调强调.n.精神压力、心理负担、紧张、（单词）重音精神压力、心理负担、紧张、（单词）重音.父亲总是强调工作的重要性。父亲总是强调工作的重要性。My father always stresses the importance of work.她忍受不了作为一个公众人物的生活压力。她忍受不了作为一个公众人物的生活压力。She cant stand the stress of public life.这个单词应重读第二个音节。这个单词应重读第二个音节。This word should be stre
21、ssed on the 2nd syllable.13.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius.此句中此句中that 用来替代前文中的名词用来替代前文中的名词 teachings。that 常用来替代同名异物可数名词单数或不可常用来替代同名异物可数名词单数或不可数名词数名词,相当于相当于the+名词名词,表特指。表特指。one 用来替代同名异物可数名词单数用来替代同名异物可数名词单数,其复数其复数为为ones。those 替代同名异物可数名词复数替代同名异物可数名词复数,可与可与t
22、he ones 换用。换用。it 代替同名同物名词代替同名同物名词,不能带修饰语。不能带修饰语。-Is this school _ you visited a few years ago?-Yes,but it isnt _ it used to be.A.the one,what B.one,that C.that,the one D.the one,the oneA The weather here is much better than _ in my hometown.A.the one B.what C.that D.its C Is this book _ that you rea
23、d yesterday?A.a book B.a one C.one D.the oneD14.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.这是一个比较复杂的复合句。这是一个比较复杂的复合句。that the reason why good是宾语从句，其中是宾语从句，其中why the man is different from animals 是定语从是定语从句，修饰先行词，即宾语从句的主语句，修饰先行词，即宾语从句的主语 the reason.that man
24、is good 是表语从句是表语从句,作作宾语从句的表语。宾语从句的表语。the reason 作先行词时作先行词时,定语从句可用定语从句可用why 或或 that 引导引导,但结构不同。但结构不同。例如：例如：他迟到的原因是他没赶上公交车。他迟到的原因是他没赶上公交车。The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.(why 在定语从句中充当状语在定语从句中充当状语)他讲述的他迟到的原因不可信。他讲述的他迟到的原因不可信。The reason that he gave for his absence was unbelievable
25、.(that 在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语)Is this the reason _at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explainedA活学活用活学活用(1)Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to studied C.to be studying D.to ha
26、ve been studying 解析解析:根据句中的根据句中的he studied in可知是可知是“学习已经结束学习已经结束”，故用，故用to have studied。A(2)The reason _ he was late for the meeting was _ he was held up by traffic jam during rush hours.A.why;because B.that;that C.why;that D.that;because 解析解析:考查句式考查句式the reason why.is that.。CImportant phrases1.1.同同处
27、于战争状态处于战争状态 2.2.是一段是一段的时间的时间 3.3.强调强调 的重要性的重要性 4.4.受受影响影响 at war withit is/was a time whenstress the importance ofbe influenced bybe similar tobring uptravel from state to statean adviser to the rulertake/follow ones advice5.5.与与相似相似6.6.抚养、培育抚养、培育7.7.听从某人建议听从某人建议8.8.周游列国周游列国9.9.统治者的军师统治者的军师,谋士谋士10.1
28、0.出生于出生于11.11.因为因为 以以 而闻名而闻名12.12.在某些方面在某些方面 某种程度上某种程度上13.13.结果结果14.14.照顾照顾,照料照料be born inbe famous forin some waysas a resultlook after15.In conclusion,I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.in conclusion 总之；最后；作为结束总之；最后；作为结束From these facts we can draw some conclusi
29、ons about how the pyramids were built.The debate did not come to a conclusion until midnight.arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论；下结论得出结论；下结论jump to a conclusion 草率地下结论草率地下结论to conclude 总而言之（作插入语）总而言之（作插入语）conclude v.结束；下结论；推断结束；下结论；推断conclusive adj.决定性的；不容置疑的决定性的；不容置疑的活学活用活学活用_,I would li
30、ke to thank the director and the sponsor.A.In all B.For all C.In conclusion D.To conclude解析解析:in all 总共，总计；总共，总计；for all 尽管；尽管；in conclusion总之；总之；to conclude总而言之。总而言之。C16.Often,factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.condition n.条件；情形；社会地位条件；情形；社会地位What sort of condition is your new hou
31、se in?He agreed to help us,but made it a condition that we should work for him without any pay for a year.You are in no condition to go anywhere.living/working conditions 居住居住/工作环境工作环境on condition(that)在在条件下；倘若条件下；倘若on no condition 一点也不，绝不一点也不，绝不make it a condition that.以以为条件为条件be in good condition
32、身体很好；完好无误身体很好；完好无误be out of condition 身体不适身体不适be in(a)condition to do sth.能做能做；有；有做做的条件的条件be in no condition to do sth.(身体状况身体状况)不适不适宜做某事宜做某事【词语辨析词语辨析】state，situation，condition和和position(1)state 表示某事物所显示出的具体状况或状态，表示某事物所显示出的具体状况或状态，常与常与 a连用。连用。如：如：The house is in a dirty state.房子处于一种脏乱的状态。房子处于一种脏乱的状态
33、。(2)situation意为意为“情况，形势，局面情况，形势，局面”，主要是，主要是指各种情况之间的相互联系及影响。指各种情况之间的相互联系及影响。如：如：international situation国际形势国际形势(3)condition 指具体的某种指具体的某种“条件条件”或或“状态状态”，可用单数或复数；泛指可用单数或复数；泛指“环境，情况环境，情况”时多用时多用复数。复数。(4)position指指“位置，职位位置，职位”。活学活用活学活用(1)_ are you allowed to do that.无论如何也不允许你那样做。无论如何也不允许你那样做。(2)Ill let you
34、 borrow it _ you lend me your bicycle in return.我借给你也行，但有个条件，你得把你的自我借给你也行，但有个条件，你得把你的自行车借给我。行车借给我。On no conditionon condition that(3)The plants grow best in cool and damp _.这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境生长。这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境生长。(4)I m not at all satisfied with _.我对现状一点也不满足。我对现状一点也不满足。(5)Ice is water in a solid _.冰是水
35、的固体状态。冰是水的固体状态。conditionsthe present situationstate(6)The hospital described its _ as“satisfactory”while he felt there was something wrong.A.condition B.state C.energy D.position解析解析:condition条件；条件；state状态；状态；energy能能量；量；position职位；位置。句意为：这家医职位；位置。句意为：这家医院自称条件院自称条件“令人满意令人满意”，然而他却感到有，然而他却感到有不对劲的地方。不对
36、劲的地方。A品句填词品句填词1.The _ (重要性重要性)of washing your hands before a meal is that it prevents infection.2.They have agreed to the proposal in _ (原则原则)but we still have to negotiate the details.3.After a long period of _(争论争论),we finally reached an agreement about the problems.4.Deng Yaping is a(n)_(有影响力有影响力 的的)person in playing table tennis.importanceprincipleargumentinfluencialHomework Revise What you have learned during this period of class.Get ready for the next period of class.
