1、Lesson 81Lesson 81New words New words&phrases phrasescloth,clothes与与clothing(1)cloth 通常指通常指“布布”、“布料布料”,为不可数名词:,为不可数名词:那布料够做一条裙子。那布料够做一条裙子。Theres enough cloth for a skirt.你认为这布料会耐穿吗?你认为这布料会耐穿吗?Do you think the cloth will wear well?cloth 表示表示“抹布抹布”、“桌布桌布”时为可数名词:时为可数名词:拿块抹布把那些脏东西擦掉。拿块抹布把那些脏东西擦掉。Wipe up
2、 the mess with a cloth.cloth,clothes与与clothing(2)clothes 表示表示“衣服衣服”、“服装服装”,后面动,后面动词用复数形式:词用复数形式:我的衣服大部分是从国外买的。我的衣服大部分是从国外买的。My clothes are mostly bought from abroad.伊丽莎白有许多衣服。伊丽莎白有许多衣服。Elizabeth has many/much/a lot of clothes.cloth,clothes与与clothing(3)clothing 是服装的总称,为不可数名词,是服装的总称,为不可数名词,不仅包括衣服,还包括鞋
3、、帽等:不仅包括衣服,还包括鞋、帽等:这些木箱里装有服装。这些木箱里装有服装。These wooden boxes contained clothing.他还需要一些冬天的衣服。他还需要一些冬天的衣服。He still needs some winter clothing.salute与与greet salute一般指一般指“行军礼行军礼”、“(向(向)敬礼)敬礼”当那些军官们从他面前经过时,卫兵敬了礼。当那些军官们从他面前经过时,卫兵敬了礼。The guard saluted as the officers passed.卫兵向军官们敬了礼。卫兵向军官们敬了礼。The guard salut
4、ed the officers.salute与与greet greet则指平常的则指平常的“打招呼打招呼”、“欢迎欢迎”、“迎接迎接”等:等:当我们到达时,他们全家都站起来欢迎我们。当我们到达时,他们全家都站起来欢迎我们。When we arrived,the whole family stood up to greet us.他向丹点了点头,算是欢迎。他向丹点了点头,算是欢迎。He greeted Dan with a nod.clear与与clean(1)clear可以表示可以表示“清澈的清澈的”、“明亮的明亮的”、“晴朗的晴朗的”等含义:等含义:他上了年纪,有双明亮的蓝眼睛。他上了年纪,
5、有双明亮的蓝眼睛。He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes.河里的水是如此清澈,你都可以看得见各种各样的鱼在游。河里的水是如此清澈,你都可以看得见各种各样的鱼在游。The water in the river was so clear that you could see fishes swimming in it.那天天气晴朗,他便驱车去了乡下。那天天气晴朗,他便驱车去了乡下。Seeing that it was a clear day,he drove to the countryside.clear与与clean clear还可以表示还可以表示
6、“清楚的清楚的”、“明确的明确的”等:等:我想说清楚我不会付这账单。我想说清楚我不会付这账单。I want to make it clear that Im not paying the bill.clear的另一个含义是的另一个含义是“畅通的畅通的”、“无障碍的无障碍的”或或“无无危险的危险的”:You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road.只有在畅通的路上你才能把车开快。只有在畅通的路上你才能把车开快。clear与与clean(2)clean的主要含义是的主要含义是“干净的干净的”:这些杯子不太干净。这些杯子不太干净。These
7、cups are not very clean.clean还可以表示还可以表示“无污点的无污点的”、“无犯罪历史无犯罪历史的的”:他一贯表现很好(没有前科)。他一贯表现很好(没有前科)。He has a clean record.Go further Go further in textin text he soon changed into the dead mans clothes.(他)很快就换上了死者的衣服。(他)很快就换上了死者的衣服。change into 在这里表示在这里表示“换(衣)换(衣)”:他换上新衣服去参加聚会。他换上新衣服去参加聚会。He changed into hi
8、s new dress and went to the party.the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp.(那战俘)在军营门前大胆地来回走着。(那战俘)在军营门前大胆地来回走着。march 一般用于指部队一般用于指部队“行军行军”、“行进行进”,但在这里,但在这里它表示它表示“(威风凛凛(威风凛凛/从容不迫地)走从容不迫地)走”或或“迅速地走迅速地走”:Jane marched out of the room without saying a word.简一言未发,快步走出了房问。简一言未发,快步走出了房问。u
9、p and down 为固定词组,其含义为为固定词组,其含义为“来来回回来来回回”:He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room.他为他母亲担心,便在屋里来回走。他为他母亲担心,便在屋里来回走。men were running here and there.人们在东奔西跑。人们在东奔西跑。here and there 为固定短语为固定短语 表示表示“到处到处”、“四处四处”:那天上午到处都有警察。那天上午到处都有警察。That morning there were policemen here and th
10、ere.他们到处寻找那个丢失的孩子。他们到处寻找那个丢失的孩子。They went here and there looking for the lost child.the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.战俘立正站好,并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。战俘立正站好,并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。attention 在此表示在此表示“立正姿势立正姿势”单用单用“Attention!”表示口令表示口令“立正!立正!”“立正站着立正站着”则用短语则用短语 stand at/to attention表示:表示:校长发表演说时
11、学生们立正站着。校长发表演说时学生们立正站着。The students stood at/to attention while the headmaster made a speech.Guess the Guess the meaningsmeanings out to lunchout to lunch 神经病神经病,神志不清神志不清 nitty-grittynitty-gritty 细节,基本情况细节,基本情况 let the cat out of the bag let the cat out of the bag 泄漏秘密泄漏秘密 I kid you notI kid you not
12、 我不骗你我不骗你 pick someones brainspick someones brains 请教某人请教某人 hands-offhands-off 无为而治,顺其自然无为而治,顺其自然 hang in therehang in there 忍耐一下忍耐一下 Read my lipsRead my lips 注意听我说注意听我说 Hold your horses Hold your horses 别着急,慢慢来别着急,慢慢来 push around push around 欺骗欺骗 Dont try to push me around!Dont try to push me aroun
13、d!别想耍我!别想耍我!dry rundry run 演习,排练演习,排练 Id like to do a dry run of our presentation.Id like to do a dry run of our presentation.I need more practice using the I need more practice using the microphone.microphone.Lesson 82Lesson 82New words New words&phrases phrasesclaim(1)vt.,vi.(对(对)提出要求,认领,)提出要求,认领,
14、索取:索取:有人来认领这孩子有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗?钱包了吗?Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?claim(2)vt.声称,断言:声称,断言:他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。They claim to have seen monsters in the sea.他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.wash与与wash up(1)wash指指“洗洗”、“洗涤洗涤”:我必须起床洗脸。我必须起床洗脸。I must get up and wash
15、.她把那些衣服都洗了。她把那些衣服都洗了。She has washed all those clothes.萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。(wash oneself指指洗澡洗澡)Sally can almost wash herself now.wash与与wash up wash也可以指也可以指“冲走冲走”、“卷走卷走”:一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。Occasionally,unusual creatures are washed to the shore.那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。The little
16、wooden house was washed away by the floods.wash与与wash up(2)wash up在英国英语中指在英国英语中指“洗餐具洗餐具”:你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。When you phoned,she was busy washing up(the dishes).wash up也可以指也可以指“把把冲上岸冲上岸”:一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.Go further Go furthe
17、r in textin text Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里的妖怪。的妖怪。to have seen是不定式的完成式结构是不定式的完成式结构 用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况:用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况:对不起,占了你这么长时间。对不起,占了你这么长时间。Im sorry to have taken up so much of your time.我很高兴见到了你的家里人。我很高兴见到了你的家里人。
18、Im glad to have met your family.她似乎已打扫过房间了。她似乎已打扫过房间了。She seemed to have cleaned the room.不定式的完成式常用于不定式的完成式常用于believe,declare,find,say,see,know,think,understand等动词后等动词后(这些动词常用被动语态):(这些动词常用被动语态):He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。人们确认人们确认/说说/发现她已经
19、去了澳大利亚。发现她已经去了澳大利亚。She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义:动词连用时有独特的含义:I meant/intended to have invited him,but I forgot to do so.我本想我本想/本打算邀请他的,可是我忘记了。本打算邀请他的,可是我忘记了。I hope/plan to have finished by 12.我希望我希望/计划到计划到12点钟以前就已完成。(相当点钟以前就已完成。(相当
20、于将来完成时)于将来完成时)at times,有时,偶尔。,有时,偶尔。他有时来看我们。他有时来看我们。He comes to see us at times.有时我觉得他不诚实。有时我觉得他不诚实。At times I feel that he is not honest.they are rarely caught out at sea.它们在海上极少能被捕到。它们在海上极少能被捕到。A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea 一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上 这两句话中的这两句话中的out分别
21、表示分别表示“在外海在外海”、“向外海向外海”:当她的小船在外海遇上风暴时,她觉得那当她的小船在外海遇上风暴时,她觉得那时没有人能够救她。时没有人能够救她。When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea,she thought no one could help her now.别在这天气出海。别在这天气出海。Dont sail out to sea in this weather.this was no ordinary fish 这根本不是一条普通的鱼。这根本不是一条普通的鱼。no的否定意味比的否定意味比not(a/an)要重(用
22、于名)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词词或形容词之前、系动词be之后):之后):他们根本不是我们的朋友。他们根本不是我们的朋友。They are no friends of ours.这绝对不是件容易干的活。这绝对不是件容易干的活。This is no easy work.made every effort,尽一切努力尽一切努力 她尽一切努力为让自己看起来年轻一点。她尽一切努力为让自己看起来年轻一点。She made every effort to make herself look younger.他们尽一切努力劝说当局执行这个方案。他们尽一切努力劝说当局执行这个方案。They made
23、every effort to persuade authority to carry out the solution.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man人们很少能看到活着的这类动物人们很少能看到活着的这类动物 creature指包含人在内的“生物”、“动物”海里有许多奇怪的生物。There are many strange creatures in the sea.这可怜的家伙在那段时间里遭了不少罪。The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.Guess the
24、Guess the meaningsmeanings bet ones bottom dollarbet ones bottom dollar 确信无疑确信无疑 like a bull in a china shoplike a bull in a china shop 笨手笨脚;莽撞行事笨手笨脚;莽撞行事 Break a legBreak a leg 祝好运,祝成功祝好运,祝成功 bleeding heartbleeding heart 老好人老好人 out of this worldout of this world 太棒了,好极了太棒了,好极了 sit tightsit tight 耐心等待耐心等待 broken recordbroken record 反复讲同样的话反复讲同样的话 chicken outchicken out 退缩退缩 keep ones shirt onkeep ones shirt on 保持冷静保持冷静 hit the roadhit the road 上路上路 spring for spring for 请客请客(Let me spring for dinner.)(Let me spring for dinner.)stick in the mud stick in the mud 保守的人保守的人