1、Lesson 80The crystal palace单词学习单词学习 palace extraordinary exhibition iron various machinery display steam profit college n.宫殿宫殿 adj.不平常的，非凡的不平常的，非凡的 n.展览展览 n.铁铁 adj.各种各样的各种各样的 n.机器机器 n.展览展览 n.蒸汽蒸汽 n.利润利润 n.学院学院 palace 宫殿宫殿 n.这是一座豪华的宫殿。这是一座豪华的宫殿。This is a luxury palace.英国女王住在白金汉宫。英国女王住在白金汉宫。The Queen
2、of England lives in Buckingham Palace.luxurylk()r 奢侈的奢侈的 extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的，奇怪的不平常的，非凡的，奇怪的 他竟然在晚会上睡觉，简直太奇怪了他竟然在晚会上睡觉，简直太奇怪了 Its extraordinary that he slept through the party.他的记忆力惊人。他的记忆力惊人。He has an extraordinary memory.exhibition 展览展览 n.他们举办了一个高科技产品他们举办了一个高科技产品的展览。的展览。They held an exhibit
3、ion on hi-tech products.make an exhibition of oneself(做蠢事而使自己做蠢事而使自己)丢脸丢脸,出洋相出洋相 恐怕弗兰克喝醉了并且出了洋相。恐怕弗兰克喝醉了并且出了洋相。Im afraid Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself.hi-tech是是high technology高科技的简写高科技的简写 iron （1）n.铁铁 中国出口铁。中国出口铁。China exported iron.打铁要趁热。打铁要趁热。Strike while the iron is hot.（2）n.熨
4、斗熨斗（3）v.熨衣服熨衣服 你能帮我熨下衣服吗？你能帮我熨下衣服吗？Could you iron me this shirt?various 各种各样的各种各样的 学校收到了教育部的各种奖学金。学校收到了教育部的各种奖学金。The school has received various grants from the education department.由于各种各样的原因，她接受了这份工作。由于各种各样的原因，她接受了这份工作。She took the job for various reasons.做这件事有各种各样的方法。做这件事有各种各样的方法。There are various
5、 ways of doing this.machinery （1）机器（总称）机器（总称）这是一台极好的机器。这是一台极好的机器。This is a wonderful piece of machinery.一大批新机器是从美国进口的。一大批新机器是从美国进口的。A lot of new machinery was imported from America.（2）社会、政治等之社会、政治等之 制度制度,机构机构,组织组织,机关机关 the machinery of government 政治机构政治机构 the machinery of the law 司法机关司法机关 display （1
6、）n.展览展览 中山公园每年举办花展。中山公园每年举办花展。A flower display is held every year in the Zhongshan Park.（2）v.展览展览 各种款式的套装被陈列于橱窗中各种款式的套装被陈列于橱窗中 Various styles of suits are displayed in the shop windows.steam （1）n.蒸汽蒸汽 谁发明的蒸汽机？谁发明的蒸汽机？Who invented steam engine?他的眼镜蒙上了一层薄薄的水汽。他的眼镜蒙上了一层薄薄的水汽。His glasses were covered wi
7、th a film of steam.（2）v.冒蒸汽冒蒸汽 The kettle is steaming.那只茶壶在冒著蒸汽那只茶壶在冒著蒸汽 profit （1）n.利润利润 净利净利 net profit 毛利毛利 Gross profit 他们通过削减成本增加了赢利。他们通过削减成本增加了赢利。They increased profits by cutting down the cost.这是一项赢利的投资。这是一项赢利的投资。This is a profit-making investment.Stores havent made as much profit as usual th
8、is year.The profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges（2）(U)利益利益,好处好处 你将从学习中获得益处你将从学习中获得益处 You will get profit from your studies.（3）v.获益获益 智者由自己的过失中得到教益智者由自己的过失中得到教益 A wise person profits from his mistakes.I have profited much from your advice/this book/living abroad.College
9、 学院学院 n.她去年上的大学。她去年上的大学。She went to college last year.他在医学院上学。他在医学院上学。He studies at a medical college.Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Cristal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.be built for 为为.而建而建 Great Exhibition=Worlds fa
10、ir 世界博览会世界博览会 fair 可以指展览会可以指展览会 书展书展 a book fairSentence&Expressions The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world,for it was made of iron and glass.be different from 与与.不同不同 送交的货品与样品大不相同送交的货品与样品大不相同 The goods delivered were very different from the sample.deliverdlv交付；发表；递送；
11、释放交付；发表；递送；释放 for 表原因表原因:！for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。只能将其放在两个分句中间。For he is ill,he is absent today.He is absent today,for he is ill.be made of -用.制造(用于原材料显而易见的场合)lThe desk is made of wood.be made from-由.所做成的(用于原材料不易看出的场合)lThe paper is made from wood.It was one of
12、 the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.of all time 空前的，有史以来（常与形容词空前的，有史以来（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）的最高级连用，表示范围）He is one of the greatest men of all time.“one of=最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词”结构的语气比直结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。么绝对。Yesterday was the h
13、ottest day of the year.Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.a great many 很多很多 There was also a great deal of machinery on display.The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer.on dis
14、play/on show:展出的；在句子中可以作状语、定展出的；在句子中可以作状语、定语或表语等语或表语等 主要出口商品的样品将全部在交易会上展出。主要出口商品的样品将全部在交易会上展出。Samples of all major export goods will be on display at the fair Shall we put all these flowers on display/show?我们要我们要把所有这些花都陈列出来吗把所有这些花都陈列出来吗?machinery：机器机器、机械装置机械装置的总称，是集合名词，的总称，是集合名词，要与单数动词搭配。要与单数动词搭配。某个
15、具体的机器可用某个具体的机器可用 machine或者或者 a piece of machinery来表示来表示 This is a wonderful piece of machinery/a wonderful machine.Though in those days,travelling was not as easy as it is today,steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.though:引导状语从句，表示转折，接近汉语引导状语从句，表示转折，接近汉语中的中的“虽然虽然”
16、，但是不和，但是不和but连用连用 Asas 和和一样一样 他和你一样高他和你一样高 He is as tall as you(are).我和她一样爱你我和她一样爱你 I love you as much as she(does).动词动词+副词副词 carried thousands of visitors across the Channel put the money into the box 如如 turn off/turn on/take off/put on 等，这类动等，这类动词短语如果接名词，则所接名词既可以置于副词词短语如果接名词，则所接名词既可以置于副词之后，也可以置于动词
17、与副词之间，如既可以说之后，也可以置于动词与副词之间，如既可以说 turn on the TV，也可以说，也可以说 turn the TV off；当接代；当接代词时，只能置于动词与副词之间，如只能说词时，只能置于动词与副词之间，如只能说turn it off，不能说，不能说turn off it。你提到的。你提到的 pick up 就属于就属于”动词动词+副词副词“构成的短语，所以只能说构成的短语，所以只能说 pick it up。On arriving in England,they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.On+v.ing:相当
18、于一个时间状语相当于一个时间状语=As soon as they arrived in England,they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.=Soon after they arrived in England,they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.一到东京一到东京,我就打电话给他我就打电话给他 On arriving in Tokyo,I called him on the phone.表示表示“一一就就”的连词的连词用英语表示用英语表示“一一就就”，除用，除用 as soon
19、as 外，还有哪些方法？外，还有哪些方法？英语中要表示英语中要表示“一一就就”，除用连词，除用连词as soon as外，还可用外，还可用the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,no soonerthan,hardlywhen等。如：等。如：He started as soon as he received the news.他一接到消息就出发了。他一接到消息就出发了。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.我一看到他就知
20、道没我一看到他就知道没希望了。希望了。I want to see him the minute(that)he arrives.他一来到我就要见他。他一来到我就要见他。The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.他一开门就看见了这他一开门就看见了这个贼。个贼。Immediately he came I told him the news.他一来我就把消息告诉了他。他一来我就把消息告诉了他。Once he arrives,we can start.他一来我们就可以开始。他一来我们就可以开始。We had no sooner set out th
21、an it began to rain.我们刚出发就下雨了。我们刚出发就下雨了。She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.她刚到就下起雪来了。她刚到就下起雪来了。There were six million visitors in all,and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.in all 共计共计 共计有共计有100人参加。人参加。There were in all a hundred persons present.At the
22、wedding there were over 100 people in all.be used to do 被用于被用于 树木用于造纸树木用于造纸 Trees are used to make paper.used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 我过去抽烟，但是几年前我戒了。我过去抽烟，但是几年前我戒了。I used to smoke,but I gave up a couple of years ago.be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 你会习惯每天走路上班的。你会习惯每天走路上班的。You will be used to walking to wo
23、rk everyday.a couple of 两个两个,几个几个couplekp()l对；夫妇；对；夫妇；数个数个 Later,the Cristal Palace was moved to south London.It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.remain“保持不变，仍然保持不变，仍然”你为什么在晚宴上保持沉默？你为什么在晚宴上保持沉默？Why did you remain silent at the dinner party?当经理讲话的
24、时候，他们都站着。当经理讲话的时候，他们都站着。They all remained standing while the manager talked.burn down 烧掉烧掉 这幢大楼是上周烧毁的这幢大楼是上周烧毁的 The building was burned down last week重点短语重点短语 Crystal Palace 水晶宫水晶宫 Great Exhibition 世界博览会世界博览会 of all time 空前的空前的 a great many 许多许多 on display/on show 展出展出 get profit from 从中获利从中获利 burn
25、down 烧掉烧掉 Qs to the textlWhere was the Crystal Palace built and for what purpose?lWhat made the Crystal Palace different from all other buildings in the world?lHow many visitors came to the Great Exhibition?lWhat happened to the Crystal Palace later?Key Structure the best&the worstlthe most extraord
26、inary building of the nineteenth centurylone of the biggest buildings of all timelthe most wonderful piece of machinery on showlone of the most famous buildings in the world longlongerlongestlatelaterlatestbigbiggerbiggesthappyhappierhappiestl单音节词、一部分的双音节词：词尾加后缀er 或est 构成其比较级和最高级 beautifulmore beaut
27、ifulmost beautifulinterestingmore interestingmost interestingdifficultmore difficultmost difficultoftenmore oftenmost oftenl多音节词、另一部分双音节词：在adj./adv.前加more或most构成goodbetterbestbadworseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级的用法1.形容词最高级有时单独使用，但前面需加定冠词：Whats th
28、e best time to go there?什么时候到那儿去最好？Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter.快递是寄信的最快办法。Its the latest fashion from Paris.这是巴黎来的最新式样。The oldest is only nine.最大的才九岁。The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji.日本最高的山是富士山。In Western Europe Germany has the most people.在西欧德国人口最多。2.有时跟一个短语或从句说明在哪个范围内如此：I
29、t is the largest island in Europe.它是欧洲最大的岛。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.昨天是今年最热的一天。The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country.长江是我国最大的河流。It was the cheapest hotel we could find.这是我们能找到的最便宜的旅馆。This was the best beer(that)I have ever drunk.这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。It was the worst film we had eve
30、r seen.这是我们看过的最糟的电影。3.形容词前有时有定语或状语修饰：Its second largest city is Osaka.它的第二大城市是大阪。The third largest city is Los Angeles.第三大城市是洛杉矶。She was by far the most active member in our group.她是我们小组最积极的成员。4.形容词最高级有时表示“非常”的意思，这时前面可加不定冠词或不加定冠词：Its a most touching story.这是一个非常动人的故事。It was most stupid to act like t
31、hat.这样做是非常愚蠢的。5.形容词最高级还可用在某些短语中(这时常转化为名词)：She is ten years old at most.她至多十岁。Well do our best.我们将尽力而为。带带as(so)as的结构的结构1.在表示“和一样”时，可用“as.as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)：He is as busy as before.他还是和以前一样忙。Ill give you as much help as I can.我将尽量帮助你。The airport was as crowded as ever.机场还是像平常那样拥挤。Youre as good a singer
32、 as Johnny Buck.你的歌唱得像约尼伯克一样好。Modern computers can be as small as a book.现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大。2.在表示“不像那样”时可用“not as(so).as”这种结构：It isnt so cold as yesterday.今天不像昨天那样冷。He is not so handsome as his brother.他不像他哥哥那样英俊。Im not so experienced as you think.我没有你想的那样有经验。The situation is not so bad as had been pain
33、ted.形势没有描绘的那样糟糕。Jack is not as(so)old as he looks.杰克不像他看起来那样老。3.这种结构中也可包含一个状语或有almost,just,nearly,quite这类副词形容：The whale was twice as long as her boat.那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。Their house is about three times as big as ours.他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。My command of English is not half so good as yours.我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。He was
34、 almost as diligent as his sister.他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。She is nearly as tall as her mother.她几乎和她妈妈一样高。4.as.as还可用在许多固定说法中：as brave as a lion as busy as a bee as vain as a peacocksoft as velvetas bright as day像白天一样明亮as fat as a pig as gentle as a lamb 性情温顺如小羊as easy as ABCvain ven 徒劳的；自负的；无结果的；无用的peacockpikk孔雀
35、velvet vlvt 天鹅绒，丝绒；关于关于 on 的短语：的短语：on display/show 展出，陈列展出，陈列 This is the best dress on display/show.这是展出的最好这是展出的最好的衣服。的衣服。on business 因公（与因公（与for pleasure相对）相对）Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends.on foot 步行（与步行（与by bus,by car,by air等相对）等相对）I usually go to
36、 work by car,but this morning I went on foot.on duty 值班，值班的值班，值班的 It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.on the whole 总的看来，总的来说，大体上总的看来，总的来说，大体上 On the whole,he is a hard-working student.on fire 起火，着火起火，着火 Soon the whole building was on fire.on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（与故意地，有意地，特意地（与by chanc
37、e相对）相对）They have come here on purpose to see you.She broke the vase on purpose.on the average 平均，通常平均，通常 On the average,he works more than ten hours a day.on any account 无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）Do not interrupt him on any account.You mustnt on any account sign the contract before you rea
38、d it.on second thought(s)经重新考虑后（经重新考虑后（thought用单数或复用单数或复数均可）数均可）I intended to go to the party,but on second thought(s),I decided to stay at home.Summary The Crystal Palace,which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851,was different from other buildings because it was made of iron and glass.Goods
39、from various parts of the world were on display as well as a great deal of machinery.So many visitors came by boat and train that it was possible to build colleges and museums from the profits.After the exhibition,the Crystal Palace was moved to South London,where it remained until it was burnt down
40、 in 1936.Key Structure the best&the worstl单音节词、一部分的双音节词：词尾加后缀er 或est 构成其比较级和最高级 longlongerlongestlatelaterlatestbigbiggerbiggesthappyhappierhappiestlthe most extraordinary building of the nineteenth centurylone of the biggest buildings of all timelthe most wonderful piece of machinery on showlone of
41、 the most famous buildings in the world Key Structure the best&the worstKey Structure the best&the worstl多音节词、另一部分双音节词：在adj./adv.前加more或most构成beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulinterestingmore interestingmost interestingdifficultmore difficultmost difficultoftenmore oftenmost oftenKey Structure th
42、e best&the worstgoodbetterbestbadworseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词 的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.一、形容词和副词的概念一、形容词和副词的概念形容
43、词作定语一般放在被修饰形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的的名词之前。名词之前。如如:a new book,two big trees 等等。二、形容词和副词的用法二、形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词形容词放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等等之后。之后。如如:1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.如果如果形容词形容词修饰不定代词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，等时，要放在不定要放在不定代词后面。代词后面。如
44、如:something interesting nothing new副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之词之前前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如如:1.She works hard.（修饰动词）2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词）3.He runs too quickly.（修饰副词）4.We play happily.（修饰动词）通常在形容词后加通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。变成副词。slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry
45、 _slowlyusuallyeasilyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrilybigbiggerLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解Look at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解bigbiggerbiggestfastLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand
46、 understand 看图并理解fastfasterLook at the pictures and Look at the pictures and understand understand 看图并理解fastfasterfastestLook at the Look at the pictures pictures and understand and understand 看图并理解三、形容词和副词的级三、形容词和副词的级形容词和副词有三个等级：形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,go
47、od,pretty,big,many hard,happily,slowly,quickly 程度副词程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容等修饰形容词和副词的原级。词和副词的原级。如：如：very tall、too hot、so cold quite interesting run quickly asas,(与与一样）一样）not as（so)as（与（与不一样）中间用原级。不一样）中间用原级。The story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as/so difficult as that one.2.比较
48、级：两个人或物之间的比较。比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。标志标志词：词：than(比）比）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加more.如如:smaller,better,taller,older,more,harder more interesting,more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。的比较。标志词：标志词：in+大范围大范围,of all,of+the+具体的数字具体的数字 （两者以上用最高级）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或
49、部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.在形在形容词的最高级前必须加容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加。如副词之前可以不加。如：smallest,tallest,newest,best most interesting,most difficultly 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlarg
50、est重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词，先改词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词，先改先改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily 不规
