1、1.civilization svlazen n.文明文明2.lecture lekt n.讲座讲座ancient civilization 古文明give a lecture 演讲，主讲attend a lecture 听讲座3.found fand vt.兴建，创建兴建，创建foundfoundedfoundedfind foundfound 发现The city was founded in the 8th century.这座城市建立于8世纪。be founded on/upon建立在之上；以为依据foundation n.基础；地基；基金会基础；地基；基金会(1)The People
2、s Republic of China was _in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。(2)This story facts.这个故事是有事实依据的。(3)She plans to start a for homeless children.她计划为无家可归的孩子们建立一个基金会。(2016江苏)is founded on/uponfoundationfounded4.BC ,bi:si:abbr.公元前（公元前（before Christ bf krast 的缩写）的缩写）5.Roman rmn n.罗马人罗马人 adj.罗马的，罗马人的罗马的，罗马人的6.take over t
3、ek v 夺取；接管夺取；接管公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城。In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.take on从事(某项工作)；雇用；呈现(面貌)take up占据；从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)take off起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功；(事业等)腾飞take in吸收；欺骗；理解take out拿出，掏出；把带出去take down记录下来；拆除(1)My time is fully taken up with writing.我把时间全都用在了写作上。(2)It was several minutes before I could
4、_what he was saying.过了好几分钟，我才理解他在说什么。(3)Many businesses started up by college students _ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。(2016江苏)take in have taken off7.volcano vlken n.火山火山8.AD e di:abbr.公元（公元（Anno Domini nu dmna 的缩写）的缩写）9.erupt rpt vi.（火山等）爆发（火山等）爆发
5、10.lava lv n.熔岩，火山岩熔岩，火山岩11.ash n.灰，灰烬灰，灰烬12.pour p vi.涌流，倾泻涌流，倾泻 vt.倒出（液体）倒出（液体）eruption n.爆发，喷发On 24 August AD 79，the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(教材P42)公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了。岩浆、火山灰及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄。pour in涌进pour out(of.)(从)涌出；倾诉pour.into.
6、把倒入By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside.到这个小组起身离开时，外面_。She _ all her troubles to him.她向他倾诉自己所有的烦恼。He poured some hot water _ the glass and then cooled it down.他向杯子里倒了些热水，然后使它变凉。intopoured out 下着倾盆大雨13.unfortunate nftnet adj.不幸的，遗憾的不幸的，遗憾的How unfortunate！(教材P42)真是太不幸了！be unfor
7、tunate in(doing)sth在方面很不幸be unfortunate to do sth 很不幸做某事It is unfortunate that.真遗憾/可惜unfortunately adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地不幸地；令人遗憾地It is _ that you missed the meeting.真遗憾，你没参加那次会议。He was unfortunate _ losing hearing.他丧失了听力，真不幸。I was unfortunate _(lose)my keys.我把钥匙丢了，真倒霉。into loseunfortunate14.mud md n.泥浆，烂泥泥浆
8、，烂泥15.decorate dekret vt.装饰，装潢装饰，装潢I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.(教材P43)我看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。decorate.with.用装饰be decorated with 被装饰着decoration n.装饰，装饰品装饰，装饰品/物物(1)They decorated the room _ flowers and balloons.他们用花和气球装饰了房间。他们用花和气球装饰了房间。(2)We put Christmas _on the tree.我们把圣诞
9、饰物挂在了树上。我们把圣诞饰物挂在了树上。withdecorations16.flee fli（fled fled,fled fled）vt.&vi.逃避，逃避，逃跑；迅速离开逃跑；迅速离开flee(from).从从逃跑逃跑flee to/into.逃往逃往，逃到，逃到flee for ones life逃命逃命flee to safety逃到安全的地方逃到安全的地方When the volcano erupted，the villagers .当火山爆发时，村民们都逃命去了。当火山爆发时，村民们都逃命去了。fled for their lives单项填空单项填空(8)All the teac
10、hers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened.A.flee B.pourC.slide D.slip解析解析句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼。楼。flee逃离，符合语境，故选逃离，符合语境，故选A。pour倾倒；倾倒；slide滑行；滑行；slip滑跤。滑跤。17.researcher rs:t n.研究者，调查者研究者，调查者research n&v.研究，调查研究，调查 scienti
11、fic research 科学研究科学研究market research 市场调查市场调查do research 做研究做研究18.true-to-life tru:tlaf adj.逼真的逼真的19.disaster dzst n.灾难灾难20.destroy dstr vt.毁坏，摧毁毁坏，摧毁The building was completely destroyed by fire.这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。mercial kml adj.商业的，贸易的商业的，贸易的commercial bank 商业银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
12、中国工商银行(ICBC)commercial advertisement 商业广告22.wealthy wel adj.富有的，富裕的富有的，富裕的the wealthy/rich 富人n.wealth 财富；23.gradually grdjl adv.渐渐地，逐渐地渐渐地，逐渐地 Gradually,the children began to understand.孩子们渐渐开始明白。adj.gradual 逐渐的；平缓的 24.sandstorm sndstm n.沙尘暴，风沙沙尘暴，风沙sand(沙)+storm(暴风雨)25.scholar skl n.学者学者scholarship
13、 n.奖学金26.cultural kltrl adj.文化的文化的culture n.文化27.institute nsttjut n.（教育或其他专业）机构，研究所（教育或其他专业）机构，研究所institute of technology 理工学院；技术学院28.ruin run n.废墟废墟；毁坏；毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭破坏，毁灭v.ruin ones hope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康/名誉名誉n.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪 bring.to ruin使使毁灭；使毁灭；使没落没落 fall
14、/come into ruin衰落，败落衰落，败落(1)After the earthquake，we can see the _ of the village.地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。(2)The heavy rain _ our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。(3)Years of fighting has left the area .几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。in ruinsruinedruins29.remains n.pl.古代遗物，古迹，
15、遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜古代遗物，古迹，遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜(1)remain vi.留下，剩下，残留留下，剩下，残留(不用进行时，无被动不用进行时，无被动)；保持，仍然，；保持，仍然，继续继续remain形容词形容词/名词名词/分词分词/介词短语保持介词短语保持/仍然仍然remain to be done有待于被做有待于被做It remains to be seen whether.尚待分晓；尚待分晓；还不确定。还不确定。(2)remaining adj.剩下的，余下剩下的，余下的的,通常作前置定语通常作前置定语rmenz(1)He _ silent.他保持沉默。他保持沉默。(2
16、)The _students will serve the audience.剩下的学生将为观众们服务。剩下的学生将为观众们服务。(3)you are right.你是否正确，尚待分晓。你是否正确，尚待分晓。(4)Many more problems remain _(solve)还有很多问题有待解决。还有很多问题有待解决。It remains to be seen whetherremainedremainingto be solved30.beneath bni prep.在在之下之下31.pot pt n.罐，壶罐，壶32.material mtrl n.材料；物质材料；物质 物质的物质
17、的33.document dkjmnt n.文献，文件文献，文件34.workshop wkp n.作坊，车间作坊，车间documentary 纪录片纪录片.单词拼写单词拼写1._(渐渐地渐渐地)，those teachers became aware(意识到意识到)that they were in danger of losing their jobs.2.A bomb at a busy railway station this morning，causing the deaths of 74 people.3.The 1987 hurricane(飓风飓风)was the worst
18、natural to hit England for decades.4.Harvard University was in 1636 and named after John Harvard.5.I wonder if there is a bank (在附近在附近).Graduallyexplodeddisasterfoundednearby6.(商业的商业的)television is an effective medium(有效介质有效介质)for advertising.7.Every room in that house was well (装饰装饰).8.A sponsor（赞助商）（赞助商）came to our rescue（解救）（解救）with a generous donation.Commercialdecoratedwealthy
