1、Units 1012Unit 10 Money基础知识梳理基础知识梳理F词汇梳理1._ vt.使有动机;促使;激发_ n.动机;动力;诱因2._ n.技巧;技术3._ adv.流利地_ adj.流利的_ n.流利4._ n.完成;成就_ v.实现;完成;达到5._ vi.存在;生存_ n.存在6._ n.品种;种类7._ n.过路人;经过的人8._ v.战胜;击败9._ vt.挣得;赚得10._ vt.确定;决定_ n.决心_ adj.决定的;有决心的11._ adj.使人快乐的12._ vt.使忧虑;与相关13._ adj.勤奋的14._ adj.高兴的;满意的_ v.使高兴_ adj.令人
2、高兴的15._ n.决心要做的事16._ adj.知道的;意识到的_ n.意识17._ n.炉子18._ adj.(酒)醉的19._ adj.贪婪的;贪心的_ n.贪婪;贪欲20._ adj.热情的;很感兴趣的_ n.热情21._ n.&vt.便宜货;讨价还价22._ n.传真23._ adj.羞耻的;惭愧的24._ adj.好斗的;有进取心的25._ vt.打扰;使烦恼_ adj.令人烦恼的_ adj.烦恼的26._ vt.评论;评价27._ vi.吸引;引起兴趣;呼吁;恳求28._ vt.包含;含有29._ n.平衡30._ v.挪走;移开31._ vi.举止;表现_ n.表现;行为32.
3、_ vi.取得进展;前进_ adj.先进的;高级的33._ adj.自动的34._ vt.取代;代替_ n.取代35._ n.焦点;中心36._ n.翻译_ vt.翻译_ n.翻译;译员37._ n.顾客自我校对1.motivate;motivation 2.technique 3.fluently;fluent;fluency 4.achievement;achieve 5.exist;existence 6.variety 7.passer-by 8.defeat 9.earn 10.determine;determination;determined 11.enjoyable 12.co
4、ncern 13.hardworking 14.pleased;please;pleasing 15.resolution 16.aware;awareness 17.stove 18.drunk 19.greedy;greed 20.enthusiastic;enthusiasm 21.bargain 22.fax 23.ashamed 24.aggressive 25.annoy;annoying;annoyed ment 27.appeal 28.contain 29.balance 30.remove 31.behave;behaviour 32.advance;advanced 33
5、.automatic 34.replace;replacement 35.focus 36.translation;translate;translator 37.customer短语梳理1.推迟 _2.现在;目前 _3.失业 _4.赠送给;泄露 _5.退学;退出 _6.对关心或担心 _7.确保;弄清楚 _8.谋生 _9.吸引 _10.观点 _11.对感到厌倦 _自我校对1.put off 2.at present 3.out of work 4.give away 5.drop out6.be concerned about 7.make sure 8.make a living 9.app
6、eal to 10.point of view 11.be tired of重点知识探究重点知识探究F重点单词1.defeat vt.战胜;击败;使(计划、希望等)落空;使失败 n.失败;击败The army defeated the enemy in the end.那支部队最终战胜了敌军。Lack of money defeated my plan.缺钱使我的计划落空。Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.汤姆英语考试没通过。Ferderer beat Murray by 3:0 in the Australia Open.费德勒在澳
7、大利亚网球公开赛中以3:0击败了穆雷。The English team was defeated by three goals to one.英国队以三比一被击败。求同存异作及物动词时常跟a game,an argument,a battle,a prize,money等词作宾语,而不跟表示“人”的词作宾语Win词义较广,除表示“战胜”外,还可表示“敲打”、“心跳”等,而defeat则无此义beatdefeat和beat这两个动词都可表示在战斗中或在竞赛中“战胜”,后常跟表示人的词作宾语,此时两个词可以换用defeat探究练习I think we both _:I the game,but c
8、ousin Ed my respect.A.beat B.defeatedC.won D.failed【解析】C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我们俩都赢了：我赢得了比赛的胜利,而我表兄埃德赢得了我的尊敬。beat和defeat常指“战胜”某人,后常跟表示人的词作宾语,而win则指赢得比赛,奖金等,其宾语常为“物”,fail意为“失败”,与句意不符。2.earn vt.挣得;赚得;获得She earned her living by singing in a nightclub.她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。His honesty earned him great respect.他的诚实使他受到了极大
9、的尊敬。知识梳理earn ones living/bread=make a/ones living 谋生;维持生计earn money=make money挣钱;赚钱earn a salary 挣工资发散思维earning n.工资;收入探究练习翻译句子。(1)他一年挣一万美元。_(2)他靠挨家挨户乞讨谋生。_【答案】(1)He earned 10 000 a year.(2)He earned/earns his living by begging from door to door.3.determine vt.决定;确定Lets determine a date for the meet
10、ing.让我们确定一下会议日期吧！He determined to go there tomorrow.他决定明天去那里。发散思维determined adj.决意的;坚决的determination n.决心;坚决;决定知识梳理determine+n./pron./that-clause 确定determine on/upon sth./to do sth.确定某事/去做某事determine sb.to do sth.使某人决定做某事be determined that-clause/to do sth.决心干某事探究练习翻译句子。(1)我离开了他,决定永不踏进这个房子一步。_(2)什么使
11、你决定接受这提议的？_【答案】(1)I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again.(2)What determined you to accept the offer?4.concern n.关心;关注;(利害)关系vt.涉及;关系到;参与;使担心;使操心The news concerns your sister.这个消息与你姐姐有关。His illness concerns me very much.他的病使我非常担心。发散思维concerning prep.关于concerned adj.和有关的;关心的知识梳理as
12、/so far as.be concerned 就而言;依之见show/express concern for/about.对表示关心;忧虑have no concern with.和毫无关系be concerned about/for 担心;关心be concerned with 与有关be concerned in 参与探究练习_ the right decisions _ the future is probably the most important things we will ever do in our lives.A.Making;concerned B.To make;co
13、ncerningC.To make;concerned D.Making;concerning【解析】D 动名词making the right decisions 作主语,动名词作主语往往表示抽象的习惯性的动作,而不定式往往表示一个具体的一次性的动作,而且此动作往往还没发生;concerning the future作后置定语,concerning是介词“关于”。高考体验(2011山东)Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.A.tra
14、dition B.balanceC.concern D.relationship【解析】A 考查名词辨析。句意：在我们办公室有一个传统：有人过生日的时候,他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例;传统”,符合题意。5.aware adj.知道的;意识到的Now most people are aware of the seriousness of the water pollution.现在大多数人意识到了水污染的严重性。As far as I am aware,he didnt say anything of this kind.据我所知,他没有说过此类的话。知识梳理be/b
15、ecome aware of sth.知道;明白;意识到be/become aware that 明白;意识到be made aware of sth.使知道;使清楚as far as Im aware 据我所知unaware adj.没有想到的;没意识到的be unaware of sth.不知道;没意识到awareness n.知道;认识;意识;兴趣lack of awareness 一无所知He said that the government was unaware of the problem.他说政府没有意识到这个问题。They suddenly became aware of p
16、eople looking at them.他们突然意识到有些人在瞧着他们。It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。点津提示aware是表语形容词,通常不用于名词前作定语探究练习The student became _ the danger of smoking and decided to give it up.A.aware B.aware ofC.aware that D.aware with【解析】B 句意：那个学生意识到了吸
17、烟的危害性,决定戒烟。become aware of“知道;意识到”符合句意。be/become aware that后接从句;aware通常不与with连用。6.bargain C n.交易;买卖合同;成交条件;特价商品;廉价货 vt.讲价;讨价还价;谈判If the weather permits,well set off for the warehouse for some bargains.如果天气好的话,我们就去批发商场淘些便宜货。In the market,dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.在
18、市场上,商人正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。知识梳理make/beat a bargain with.和做交易或讨价还价settle/close/conclude/strike a bargain 成交;达成协议make a bad bargain 做了一笔不合算的生意bargain a price down 通过讨价还价压低价格bargain with sb.about/over the price 与某人讲价探究练习After much _,the shop owner agreed to cut down the price by 20%.A.debating B.talkingC.di
19、scussing D.bargaining【解析】D 此题考查词义辨析。句意：经过多次讨价还价后,店主同意将价格降低20%。bargain“讨价还价”,符合题意;debate“辩论”;talk“谈论”;discuss“讨论”。高考体验(2008山东)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real _.A.exchange B.bargainC.trade D.business【解析】B 句意：我只花了10美元就买了一条裙子,真划算。exchange“互换”;bargain“便宜货;廉价货”;trade“贸易”;busin
20、ess“生意”。结合考题前面给出的信息“只花了10美元”,言外之意花钱不多,所以本题选择B项。7.ashamed adj.惭愧的;害臊的;羞耻的(表语形容词)He was ashamed that he couldnt give an answer.他因回答不出来而感觉羞愧。Im ashamed to do so.我不好意思这样做。知识梳理be ashamed of.为而羞愧be ashamed to do sth.耻于的;因难为情而不愿be ashamed that.对感到内疚发散思维shame n.羞愧;遗憾shameful adj.令人可耻的;丢脸的求同存异shameful意为“令人可耻
21、的;丢脸的”shameful都可表示“羞耻的”ashamed意为“感到羞耻的”ashamed相同点相异点比较You should be ashamed of doing that.你应该为自己做那样的事感到羞耻。It was shameful for them to surrender.他们投降真是太可耻了。探究练习The boy felt _ when he realized he had done wrong.A.shame B.ashamedC.shameful D.alone【解析】B 句意：当他意识到自己做错了的时候,这个男孩觉得很羞愧。feel是一个系动词,后面用形容词作表语。as
22、hamed意为“感到羞耻的”,符合题意;shameful意为“令人可耻的；丢脸的”;alone“单独的;独自的”。8.annoy vt.打搅;使烦恼The news that Ding Junhui was defeated in the first round annoyed his fans.丁俊辉第一轮出局的消息使他的球迷很烦恼。I was annoyed that he had left without saying goodbye.他的不辞而别让我很恼火。知识梳理be annoyed with sb.对某人生气be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生气be annoy
23、ed by.被惹恼be annoyed that clause 因而恼火annoyance n.恼怒;烦恼annoying adj.恼人的;烦人的annoyed adj.感到恼火的;觉得生气的I was really annoyed with him at that time.那时,我是真地生他的气了。Everyone is annoyed by the amount of traffic in the city.大家都为城市拥挤的交通感到烦恼。求同存异指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦trouble较正式用词,多用于被动语态。指扰乱,使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较
24、深的烦恼disturb指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦bother强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心,多指一时的打扰或恼怒annoy探究练习用annoy的适当形式填空。(1)Dont _ yourself about the problem no harm has been done.(2)I feel _ that he didnt turn up when he promised to come.【答案】(1)annoy (2)ment n.评论;批评;指责;议论vi.评论;批评(常与介词on/upon连用)He made no comments on our perf
25、ormance.他对我们的表现没有作出任何评价。Everyone commented on the South Africa World Cup.大家都在评论南非世界杯。知识梳理make comments on/upon sth.评论某事No comment!无可奉告！without comment 不必多说 Will you resign from your office,sir?先生,你会辞职吗？No comment!无可奉告！A spokesperson commented that the price of the house is going up still.发言人称房价将会继续增
26、长。探究练习Have you got any _ to make on the recent developments?A.impressions B.commentsC.reaction D.opinion【解析】B 句意：你对最近的发展有什么评价吗？根据后面的动词make和介词on可知,应选B项,构成固定搭配make comments on sth.“对某事进行/作出评论”;impression“印象”,常构成词组leave an impression on;reaction“反应”,一般与介词to搭配;opinion“观点”也可以表示“评价”,但常用短语为have an opinion
27、of sb./sth.。10.appeal vi.吸引;引起兴趣;呼吁;恳求；n.上诉;申诉;吸引力;魅力;恳求He appealed against the judges decision.他不服法官判决而上诉。The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.设计要雅俗共赏,老少皆宜。知识梳理(1)appeal to sb./sth.against sth.上诉;申诉appeal to sb.吸引某人;取悦某人appeal to sb.for sth.呼吁某人某事;请求某人提供某物appeal to sb.to do sth.恳请
28、/呼吁某人做某事(2)an appeal for 对的呼吁launch/make an appeal发起呼吁(3)appealing adj.有吸引力的;有趣的;恳求的The besieged(围困)nations appealed to the United Nations for aid.被围困的国家向联合国求助。点津提示(1)appeal无论是作动词还是作名词都常与to连用。(2)appeal to作“吸引”讲,此处to为介词。(3)appeal是新课标重点词汇,其用法经常被考查,有时也考查和其他词组的辨析,如adapt to,attach to,refer to等。巧学助记探究练习I
29、always have so many things to _ when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.A.cater to B.contribute toC.attend to D.appeal to【解析】C 考查短语辨析。句意：当我出国旅行回到公司时,我有很多事情要处理。cater to“满足需要;迎合”;contribute to“有助于;促进;捐献”;attend to“处理;对付;照料;关怀”;appeal to“呼吁;号召;吸引”,故C项正确。高考体验(2010安徽)How did you like Nicks pe
30、rformance last night?To be honest,his singing didnt _ to me much.A.appeal B.belongC.refer D.occur【解析】A 句意：你觉得尼克昨晚上表演得怎么样？说实话,他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.“(对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣”。belong to“属于”;refer to“谈到;提到”;sth.occur to sb.“某人忽然想起/出某事”。11.contain vt.包含;包括;克制;控制Beer contains alcohol.啤酒含有酒精。At the sight of
31、 this cruelty,he could hardly contain his anger.见此残暴情形,他无法克制自己的愤怒。求同存异contain,include(1)contain“包含;容纳”，侧重整体内容,指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。These valleys contain gold mines.这些山谷中有金矿。(2)include“包括”,侧重被包含者只是整体的一部分。The list includes my name.名单上有我的名字。点津提示常用include的现在分词或过去分词形式来表示解释说明,意为“包括在内”。例如：The atlas cont
32、ains forty maps,including three of Great Britain.这本地图册包含四十幅地图,其中有三幅英国地图。More than twenty people were killed in the accident,two children included.事故中有二十多人死亡,包括两名儿童。探究练习By figuring out the secret message _ in each item,the person who received the basket began to understand the true feelings of the pe
33、rson who sent it.A.contained B.includedC.found D.written【解析】A 句意：通过弄清楚每个物品中所包含的秘密信息,这个收到篮子的人开始明白了送篮子的人的真正情感。此句中用contained in each item作后置定语,修饰message表示“每一件物品中所包含的信息”。12.remove vt.移动;搬迁;脱去(衣服等);去除;消除;免除;解除(职务等);开除We are removing from London to the country.我们正从伦敦迁往乡下。He removed the mud from the shoes.
34、他去掉鞋上的泥。The boy was removed from school.这个男孩被从学校开除了。点津提示remove常跟from连用。探究练习The corrupt official was removed _ office.A.from B.toC.in D.at【解析】A remove常跟from连用,be removed from office“被开除”。13.puzzle n.谜;难题 vt.使迷惑I cant guess this puzzle.我猜不出这个谜语。Thats what puzzles me.那就是使我迷惑不解的东西。发散思维puzzled adj.迷惑的puz
35、zling adj.令人迷惑的;费解的知识梳理puzzle ones brains 苦思苦想;仔细思考a puzzled expression 疑惑的表情be in a puzzle 不知如何是好be a puzzle to sb.对是个迷be puzzled about what to do 不知道该干什么探究练习When I saw the _ expression on his face,I realized he hadnt been told about it.A.puzzled B.puzzlingC.puzzle D.being puzzled【解析】A 句意：当我看到他脸上的疑
36、惑的表情时,我意识到别人没告诉他这件事。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词expression,puzzled“迷惑的”,表示处于疑惑的状态;puzzling“令人迷惑的;费解的”,强调本身具有这种性质或特征;being puzzled“正在被疑惑”。14.advance vt.&vi.前进;促进;提前 n.前进;上升;提前They advanced against the enemy.他们向敌人进攻。The date of the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1.会议已从七月十日提前到七月一日。知识梳理advance on/towards s
37、b./sth.(为了进攻、威胁等)前进;行进advance in ones study 学习进步make great advances 取得很大进步an advance in rank 升级in advance 提前;预约;预先发散思维advanced adj.先进的;高级的;后期的;年岁高的探究练习He is a man of _ ideas and he often makes a careful plan _.A.advanced;before advanceB.advancing;in advanceC.advanced;in advanceD.advancing;in advance
38、 of【解析】C 句意：他是一个有先进思想的人,他经常提前仔细制订计划。advanced“先进的;高级的”,符合题意;in advance固定搭配“提前;预约;预先”。15.focus n.焦点;集中点;焦距 v.集中于;聚焦We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customers.我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。All her energies are focused upon her children.她全部精力都倾注到了孩子们身上。知识梳理focus(sth.)on/upon.集中(注意力、精力)于in focus 焦点对准的;清晰
39、的out of focus 焦点未对准的;模糊不清的focus ones attention/mind on.把注意力集中于点津提示focus(sth.)on/upon.相当于concentrate(sth.)on/upon.集中于探究练习Our new policy is to _ on developing these remote areas.A.aim B.carryC.focus D.resort【解析】C 句意：我们的新政策集中于开发偏远地区。考查固定短语focus on,意为“集中于”。aim“目的是”,往往跟at搭配;carry on“执行;进展”;resort“诉诸;求助”,
40、跟to搭配。F重点短语1.put off 推迟;延期Dont put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今日事,今日毕。The meeting has been put off until next week.会议被推迟到了下周。知识拓展与put有关的其他短语：put.aside 放在一边;撇开put away 收起;放好;积蓄;存钱put down 写下;记下;放下;镇压put forward 提出;把(时针等)向前拨put on 穿上;戴上;上演(戏剧等);增加put out 伸出;熄灭;关掉put up 张贴;搭起;建起put up wi
41、th 容忍;忍受探究练习It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A.put away B.kept upC.given away D.laid up【解析】A 句意：把一些钱存起来防老是明智的。put away“收起;存钱”,符合题意;keep up“维持;坚持”;give away“泄露;赠送”;lay up“放置不用;贮存某物”。2.at present 目前;现在Shes all right at present.她现在一切很好。知识拓展与present有关的其他短语：at the present time/day 在目前for the p
42、resent 暂时点津提示present指“到场的;出席的”意思时,常用作后置定语。(1)n.现在;目前;礼物Make the past serve the present.古为今用。(2)adj.现在的;目前的;现存的;到场的;出席的There were many old men present at the meeting.有许多老人出席了会议。(3)v.呈现;给予;赠送;提出;介绍May I present you to my husband?我可以把你引见给我的丈夫吗？He presented her with a bunch of flowers.他送给她一束花。知识梳理presen
43、t sb.with sth./present sth.to sb.向某人呈献某物;送某物给某人探究练习Lets stop discussing the problem _.A.for the present B.presentC.presenting D.to present【解析】A for the present“暂时”。句意：让我们暂时停止讨论这个问题。3.out of work失业=out of a jobHow long have you been out of work?你失业多久了？知识拓展与work有关的其他短语：at work(人)在工作;(机器)在运转work on从事于w
44、ork out解出;算出;制定出;结果是;被证明有效或可能;锻炼探究练习His plan was good,but it didnt quite_.A.find out B.give outC.hand out D.work out【解析】D 句意：他的计划不错，但是执行起来不太好。work out“结果是;被证明有效或可能”,符合题意;find out“找出;查明”;give out“分发;散发”;hand out“分发”。4.drop out退出;退学He dropped out because of the pressure.由于压力他退学了。知识拓展drop away 逐渐下降;减少d
45、rop back 退后;后撤;恢复旧习惯drop behind sb.落伍;落在之后drop in/over/round/by(美)顺便拜访一下drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人drop into 跌入;溶入;不知不觉形成(习惯)drop off 让某人下车;入睡;下降;减少;脱落点津提示更接近leave,指由于某种原因不再参与某种活动或组织drop out指放弃某种行为或拥有的事物,不再有某种行为或动作,还有“失望地不再努力”的含义give up探究练习 Joe Jones,the eldest of the eight children,had to _ out of high sc
46、hool at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm.A.leave B.dropC.fall D.go【解析】B 句意：乔琼斯,八个孩子中最大的那个,为了在农场里帮助他的父亲,不得不在十六岁的时候退了学。drop out“退出;退学”,符合句意;leave out“遗漏;省略”;fall out“脱落;离队;争吵;结果是”；go out“出去；熄灭”。高考体验(2010天津)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and _ as a manager.A.ended up B.d
47、ropped outC.come back D.started off【解析】A 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：他进入公司时只是一个小职员,后来晋升很快,最终当上了经理。end up as+职位/职业表示“最后取得了某职位或从事了某职业”;drop out“退学或退出”;come back“回来”;start off“出发”。F重点句型1.He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing.他不再想做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。be tired o
48、f对厌烦Im tired of living abroad.我厌倦了住在国外。Youll soon get very tired of me.你很快就会非常讨厌我的。求同存异be tired of与be tired from/with 区别be tired of对厌烦be tired from/with因感到劳累Im tired with climbing that steep hill.爬那座陡峭的山我感到很劳累。发散思维tired adj.疲倦的;厌烦的tiring adj.令人疲倦的探究练习(2008湖南)Every evening after dinner,if not _ from
49、work,I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiringC.tired D.to be tired【解析】C 考查省略句式。句意：每天晚上晚饭后,如果工作不是太累的话,我会花点时间去遛狗。在if引导的条件状语从句中,从句还原应为if I am not tired from work,根据省略的原则,所以答案选C。2.You may agree with this point of view.你可能会同意这个观点。agree with同意They might not agree with his opinions.他们可能
50、不会同意他的观点。I dont agree with what you said.我不同意你的话。求同存异agree with,agree to,agree on“就达成一致意见”agree on“同意某一建议;安排;计划;条件等”agree to都可以表示“同意”“同意某人,某人的话,某人的意见,看法等”。还可以指气候、食物等“适合”；“与一致;相符”agree with相同点相异点比较探究练习Did your father _ your suggestion?A.agree on B.agree withC.agree to D.agree【解析】C 句意：你父亲同意你的建议吗？agree
