1、Section A Grammar Focus-4cSection A Grammar Focus-4c幻灯片上单词出现时，同学应迅速读出该单词并说出意思，说出时，可有5秒钟的现场求救时（向其他同学），每名同学接受求救不得超过3次。mooncakelanternstrangerpoundlay out dessertwhoevergoddesstraditionI know that the Water Festival is really fun.What fun the Water Festival is.I wonder if theyll have the races again ne
2、xt year.How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.How pretty the dragon boats were.I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!Grammar Focus名词性从句名词性从句noun clause主语从句主语从句subject clause宾语从句宾语从句objec
3、t clause表语从句表语从句predicative clause同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause试比较：试比较：We know him We know he likes English.主主s主主s谓谓v谓谓v宾宾o宾宾o宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s谓v宾o简单句简单句复合句复合句l Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)?l Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.l Pleas
4、e tell me where she has gone.l I dont know if he will come tonight.l Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses注：注：that 在句中在句中无词汇意义无词汇意义，在从句中，在从句中不能充当成不能充当成分分，在口语当中往往省略。，在口语当中往往省略。e.g.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.He said(that)he missed us very much.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导
5、的宾语从句a.在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that 从句从句(真正宾语真正宾语)的的句型中句型中不省略不省略。We must make it clear that we mean what we say.b.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中,第二第二个个that 不省略不省略。He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.that在宾语从句中的在宾语从句中的省略与保留省略与保留c.当当that作介词作介词 except,in等宾语时等宾语时。Th
6、ey believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.2.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。I want to know if/whether she is right.They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not.if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”。if/whether可互换，但whetheror not为固定搭配。1).whe
7、ther和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 I dont know whether or not he will come.如果如果or not放在放在whether所引导的从句句尾，可用所引导的从句句尾，可用if 替换替换。I dont know whether/if he will come or not.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意注意whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别a.当whether后紧跟or not时，不用if.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.He asked me whether I wanted t
8、o go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。whether.or还有还有“不管不管”之意，引导让步状语从句。之意，引导让步状语从句。Whether he drives or takes the train,he will be here on time.不管开车来还是不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。乘火车来，他都会准时到。c.在强调任意选择时，用whetheror，此时不用 if 替换whether。He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got
9、the job.d.虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。Whether he will come I am not sure.e.句子中有if 引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。Please let me know if you need help.如果你需要帮助请告诉我。或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比：Please let me know whether you need help.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。f.容易产生歧义时用whether不用if来表示“是否”。I dont know if it wo
10、nt rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨。g.如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用 whether。2).引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.3).Whether可以引导可以引导表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句，if不可以。不可以。4).用在动词不定式之前时用用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用不用if。I dont know whether to go there at once.我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。3.由连接代词由连接代词
11、who,whom,whose,which,what 和和连接副词连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 Do you know whose book it is?Please tell me when well have a meeting.Could you tell me why the train is late?He asked who could answer the question.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour
12、 ago.he is interested in English.she will come tomorrow.Tom has been to London twice.He will go to Hong Kong.He is sick.He is reading a book.He has finished his work.He saidHe had finished his work.He would go to Hong Kong.He was sick.He was reading a book.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的
13、相互一致。the sun is much bigger than the moon.Summer is after Spring.the earth moves around the sun.He told me(that)We kmew(that)The teacher told us(that)当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用任意一种时态 一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等 一律用一般现在时 Danny say
14、s that he will learn English.Do you know where he came from?Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导引导词词that+陈述句陈述句 ifwhether+一般疑问句一般疑问句 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过
15、去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序从句客观真理时态不变从句客观真理时态不变从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态 学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。l 所谓感叹句，就是用来表达所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈情感喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。的句子。近年来，感叹句的构成近年
16、来，感叹句的构成及转换是中考常考的考点之一。及转换是中考常考的考点之一。l 感叹句一般感叹句一般由由“what”和和“how”来开头的句子来开头的句子“what”修饰修饰名词名词，“how”修饰修饰形容词和副词形容词和副词。What 和和 How引导的感叹句引导的感叹句What 引导的感叹引导的感叹句句“what”意为意为“多么多么”用作用作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词（被强调部分），名词前可有其它定语成（被强调部分），名词前可有其它定语成份（即份（即：形容词或冠词）。形容词或冠词）。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/ana/an，复数可数名词或不可数复数可数名词或不可数
17、名词前不用冠词。名词前不用冠词。一般有三种形式，此时一般有三种形式，此时what为形容词为形容词，作，作定语定语，用来，用来修饰它后面的名词或词组。修饰它后面的名词或词组。1.what+a/an+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主语主语+谓谓语！语！What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！What a good girl she is!她是个多么好的一个女孩啊！2.what+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！What heavy snow it is!多么大的雪呀！What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的
18、天气！3.what+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数+主语主语+谓语谓语!What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊！What good students they are!他们是多么好的学生啊！“how”意为意为“多么多么”，用作，用作状语状语，修饰，修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词形容词，则句中的谓语动词用则句中的谓语动词用系动词系动词；如果如果how修饰修饰副词副词，则句中的谓语动词用，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词行为动词。How 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句有三种结构形式。此时有三种结构形式。此时ho
19、w是副词是副词，用来修饰其的，用来修饰其的形容词形容词或副词或副词，也可以修饰，也可以修饰动词动词。1.How+形容词形容词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！例如：例如：How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！How hot it is today!今天多么热呀！2.How+副词副词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！例如：例如：How happy they look!他们显得多么高兴呀！How fast he runs!他跑得多么快呀！3.How+主语主语+谓语（陈述句）！谓语（陈述句）！例如：例如：How he loves his son!他是多么的爱他的儿子！How time flies!光阴
20、似箭！what修饰名词What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序how 修饰形容词，副词或动词:How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+陈述语序How VS What1.think/Lantern Festival/beautiful I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful.2.dont know/whether/he/come home/for the festival _ _3.believe/Water Festival/mo
21、st/fun_4a Write sentences using the words given.I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.I believe that the Water Festival is the most fun.4.wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious _5.how/exciting/races _6.what/interesting/city _Jenny wonders if the mooncakes are delicious.How exciting the races
22、 are!What an interesting city(it is)!4b Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses.If possible write your own sentences about Mothers Day and Fathers Day using objective clauses.Dear Xia Yu,Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America?One is Mothers Day on the s
23、econd Sunday of May,and the other is Fathers Day on the third Sunday of June.On these two days,American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner.Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers.I heard that it is becoming more and m
24、ore popular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China.I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents.I believe that there are many ways to show our love.Actually,we dont have to spend a lot of money.It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.June
25、4c Which festival do you like best?Ask your group and report to the class.e.g.In our group,Davids favorite festival is.He thinks that In our group,Davids favorite festival is Halloween.He thinks that on that day children will wear special costumes with mask to take part in Halloween party.And play“t
26、rick or treat”.Sample:.用正确的形式填空。1.The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _well.(go)3.Tom says that they_(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.4.I hear they _(return)it already.will begoeswere playinghave returned5.He said that they_members of the Party si
27、nce 1948.(be)6.He asked what they_ at eight last night.(do)7.The teacher told his class that light_ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters_from.(be)have beenwere doingtravelsare talkingwere.单选。1._ food youve cooked!A.How a nice B.What
28、 a nice C.How nice D.What nice 2._terrible weather weve been having these days!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 3.With the help of doctors,the boy can see again._he is!A.What luckly B.What a luck C.How luck D.How a luckADC.根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.He says_.(他说他爸爸三天后回来)2.Our teacher asks_.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃)3.Please tell m
29、e_.(他们正在谈论什么)that his father will be back in three dayswho broke the window yesterday what they are talking about Linda,could you remember_?Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?A.where are we going after exam B.where we are going after the exam C.where are we going to after the exam D.wher
30、e we are going to after the exam B 你记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？你记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。去香港。可知上句问去哪。去香港。可知上句问去哪。I dont know tomorrow.You can ask our teacher right now.A.if we take the bus there B.when will we leave C.what will we do D.how we will go there D tomorrow明天，可知用将来时I dont know后面跟宾语从句，后面跟宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序。从句要用陈述句语序。Practice more exercise to master the grammar learnt in this part.
