1、I study English by working with friends.How do you study English?Do you study English by the following ways?I study English by making word cards.I study Englishby asking the teacher for help.I study Englishby reading the textbook.I study Englishby working with a group.n.课本课本I study English by listen
2、ing to tapes.Check the ways you study English.Then add other ways you sometimes study.1a_ a.by working with friends._ b.by making word cards._ c.by reading the textbook._ d.by listening to tapes_ e.by asking the teacher for help.Listen.How do these students study for a test?Write letters from 1a abo
3、ve._ 1.Meiping_ 2.Peter_ 3.Tony1bbedHer English is very good.Do you know how she studies English?She studies English byHow does she study English?They study English by They study English by watching English movies.How do they study English?How do they study English?They study English by working with
4、 friends.They study English by practising with foreigners.He studies English by making word cards.How does he study English?He studies English by reading the textbook.He studies English by asking the teacher for help.He studies English by listening to tapes.How does he study English?I study by worki
5、ng with a group.How do you study for a test?Make conversations about how you study for a test.1cHow do you study for a test?I study by1 _ Does anyone learn English by watching videos?2 _ Do you have conversations with friends in English?3 _ What about listening to tapes?4 _ What about reading aloud
6、to practice pronunciation?5 _ Have you ever studied with a group?Listen and check the questions you hear.2an.交谈交谈;谈话谈话adv.大声地大声地;出声地出声地n.发音发音a.Yes,I have.Ive learned a lot that way.b.Oh,yes.It really improves my speaking skills.c.I do that sometimes.I think it helps.d.No.Its too hard to understand s
7、poken English.Listen again.Match each answer below with a question above.2bKeys:1._ 2._ 4._ 5._dbcaHave you ever studied with a group?Make conversations using the information in 2a and 2b.2cYes,I have.Ive learned a lot that way.Lets talk about the best ways to learn English.Do you learn English by w
8、atching movies?Yes,its a very interesting way.No,its too hard to understand spoken English.What about writing letters to a pen pal in America?Yes,it helps to improve my writing skills and know a lot about America.Do you have conversations with friends in English?Of course,we can talk about plenty of
9、 things like school,pets,movies,and our parents.Jack:Annie,Im a little nervous.I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.Annie:That doesnt sound too bad.Jack:But Im a very slow reader.Annie:Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.Dont read word by word.Read word groups.R
10、ole-play the conversation.2dJack:But I dont understand many of the words.I have to use a dictionary.Annie:Try to guess a words meaning by reading the sentences before and after it.You probably understand more than you think.Jack:That sounds difficult!Annie:Well,be patient.It takes time.You can becom
11、e better by reading something you enjoy every day.The more you read,the faster youll be.n.句子句子adj.耐心的耐心的；n.病人病人1.by working with friends2.by watching English movies.3.by making word cards.4.by reading the textbook.5.by listening to tapes.6.by asking the teacher for help.7.by reading aloud.How do you
12、 study English?1.I study by working with a group.我通过小组活动来学习。我通过小组活动来学习。by作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句，分析下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。全结论部分所缺的内容。【例句例句】1.Come and sit by us.2.Peter goes to work by bus every day.3.Tony will come back by 10:00 pm.4.English is spoken by lots of people.5.My b
13、rother studies history by working with a group.【结论结论】1.by可表示位置，可表示位置，(1)“_”，如句，如句1。也有也有“从从旁边旁边(经过经过)”之意。之意。2.by可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。3.by可表示时间，可表示时间，“到到(某时某时)之前之前;不迟于不迟于”，如句如句3。4.by可用于构成可用于构成(2)_，“被被,由由”，如句如句4。5.by可表示方式或手段，可表示方式或手段，(3)“_”结构在句中作方式状语，结构在句中作方式状语，“通过通过方式方式(方法方法)”或或“借助借助手段手段”，如
14、句，如句5。在在旁边旁边被动语态被动语态 by+v.-ing形式形式【运用运用】根据提示，用含有根据提示，用含有by的短语完成句子。的短语完成句子。1.Annie went to Beijing _ (乘火车乘火车)yesterday.2.His grandfather made a living _ _(靠卖水果靠卖水果)in the past.by train by selling fruits3.The scientists have to arrive at the village _(八月以前八月以前).4.Allen goes _(经过经过 邮局邮局)on his way to s
15、chool every morning.5.The book was written _ _(由几个工程师由几个工程师).by Augustby the post office by several engineers 2.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？辨析辨析aloud,loud和和loudly aloud 出声地出声地;大声地。常与大声地。常与read/call 等词连用等词连用,不用于比较级。不用于比较级。e.g.Dont read aloud in the lib
16、rary.不要在图书馆大声朗读。不要在图书馆大声朗读。loud 大声地大声地;喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与常与talk/speak/laugh/sing等词连用等词连用,常用比较级。常用比较级。e.g.We cant hear you.Please speak louder.我们听不到你的声音我们听不到你的声音,请再大声点。请再大声点。loudly 高声地高声地;喧闹地。可以和喧闹地。可以和loud互互 换，含有换，含有“吵闹吵闹”的意思的意思,不悦耳。不悦耳。后跟名词后跟名词,代词或代词或v.-ing。用于征求意见。用于征求意见。e.g.What about a cu
17、p of tea?喝杯茶怎么样？喝杯茶怎么样？How about you?你呢？你呢？What/How about going to the zoo this afternoon?今天下午去动物园怎么样？今天下午去动物园怎么样？What about/How about?3.Its too hard to understand spoken English.句中的句中的it是形式主语是形式主语,不定式短语不定式短语to understand spoken English是真正的是真正的主语。该句句型为主语。该句句型为:Its+too+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.意思是意思是
18、“(对某人来说对某人来说)做某事是做某事是的的”。如：如：Its too important to keep healthy.Its difficult for him to learn two languages.【链接链接】too.to.结构常表示结构常表示“太太而不而不 能能”,too后面接形容词或副词后面接形容词或副词,to后后 面接动词原形。面接动词原形。如：如：The room is too dirty to live in.He walks too slowly to get there on time.【运用运用】将下面的句子翻译成英语。将下面的句子翻译成英语。1)孩子们在那条
19、河里游泳是危险的。孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。Its dangerous for the children to swim in that river.2)晚饭后散步太有必要了。晚饭后散步太有必要了。Its too necessary to take a walk after supper.3)水太烫水太烫,不能喝。不能喝。The water is too hot to drink.Choose the best answer.1.He goes to school _ bike.A.by B.on C.in D.at 2.How do you study English so well?B
20、y _ lots of books.A.read B.look C.watching D.reading.Complete the following sentences.1.大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？What about _ to practice pronunciation?2.她通过读课本来学习英语。她通过读课本来学习英语。She studies English _ the textbook.3.She improves her English _ _(通过加入英语俱乐部通过加入英语俱乐部).reading aloud by reading by joining
21、 an English club.Translation.1.老师要求我大声朗读课文。老师要求我大声朗读课文。2.不要这么大声。婴儿在睡觉。不要这么大声。婴儿在睡觉。3.我爸爸经常开车去上班。我爸爸经常开车去上班。The teacher asked me to read aloud the text.Dont talk so loudly.The baby is sleeping.My father often goes to work by car.How do you study English?What about physics and Chinese?Make a list.I st
22、udy byHow do you study English?I study byHow do you study English?I study byHow do you study English?I study byHow do you study English?I study byHow do you study English?The girl is Wei Fen.What is she doing?Can you guess how she studies English?Read the passage about Wei Fen and answer the questio
23、ns.1.Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?2.What did she do in English class?3.What is the secret to language learning?3an.秘密秘密;秘诀秘诀adj.秘密的秘密的;保密的保密的1.Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?The teacher spoke too quickly and Weifen did not understand her most of the time,but
24、 she was afraid to ask questions of her poor pronunciation.2.What did she do in English class?She hid behind her textbook and never said anything.3.What is the secret to language learning?For Wei Fen,the secret to language learning is listening to something interesting.1.I can understand the meaning
25、 by watching their _ and the _ on their faces.2.I can get the meaning by listening for just the _.Complete the sentences with what Wei Fen learned from watching movies.Use words and phrases from the passage.expressionskey words3b body language n.表情表情;表示表示;表达方式表达方式3.My pronunciation improved by liste
26、ning to the _ in English movies.4.I learned _ sentences like“Its a piece of cake”by watching the movies.5.I can find the meaning of the new words by looking them up in a _.conversations useful dictionary1.Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?find it difficult/hard to do sth.发现做某事很困难发现做
27、某事很困难 【find用法归纳用法归纳】find sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事发现某人做某事 find it+adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很发现做某事很【活学活用活学活用】1)I found it _(interest)to talk with my grandfather.2)I found it hard for me _(improve)spoken English.interesting to improvefind it+adj.to do sth.中的中的it是形式宾语是形式宾语,adj.做宾补做宾补,to do sth.是真正的宾语。是真正的宾语。同类的动
28、词还有同类的动词还有think,feel,consider等。等。2.But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事害怕去做某事 【afraid用法归纳用法归纳】be afraid of sth./doing sth.害怕做某事害怕做某事(担心出现某种不良后果担心出现某种不良后果)be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事害怕去做某事(“怕怕”或或“不敢不敢”去做去做某事某事)be afraid+that 恐怕恐怕(礼貌地说出令人不快、失望礼貌地
29、说出令人不快、失望 或感到遗憾的事或感到遗憾的事)【活学活用活学活用】Tina is so shy that she is afraid of _ in front of a group.A.to speak B.speak C.speaking D.spokeC3.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story.called=named 叫做叫做 【call用法归纳用法归纳】call sb.=telephone sb.=phone sb.=give sb.a call=ring sb.up 给某人打电话给某人打电话 call
30、on sb.拜访某人拜访某人 4.I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.discover v.发现发现;发觉发觉 指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物。不为人所知的事物。e.g.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。年发现了美洲。5.I also learned useful sentences like“Its a piece of ca
31、ke”or“It serves you right.”a piece of cake和和serves sb.right是英语是英语中的两个习惯用语中的两个习惯用语,也可称作习语也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似。同汉语中的成语类似,习语是习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式种固定表达方式,其意思往往不是字面其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。所表达的含义。如如:a piece of cake表示事情非常简单、易表示事情非常简单、易于解决于解决,相当于汉语的相当于汉语的“小菜一碟小菜一碟;小事小事一桩一桩”;serves sb.rig
32、ht则相当于汉语说则相当于汉语说某人某人“活该活该”。6.But because I wanted to understand the story,I looked them up in a dictionary.look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电在词典、参考书中或通过电脑脑)查阅查阅;抬头看抬头看 【look用法归纳用法归纳】look after 照顾照顾 look like 看起来像看起来像 look out 当心当心,小心小心 look through 浏览浏览 look for 寻找寻找 look forward to 期待期待 look around 向四周看向四周看 have
33、/take a look 看一看看一看 look over 检查检查 find it difficult to do sth.the secret to language learningbe afraid to do sth.fall in love withbody languagethe expressions on the faceskey wordsbe interested in look up the word in the dictionary发现做某事很难发现做某事很难 语言学习的秘密语言学习的秘密 害怕做某事害怕做某事 爱上爱上 肢体语言肢体语言 脸上的表情脸上的表情 关健
34、词关健词 对对感兴趣感兴趣 查字典查字典 1.Recite the important sentences in the passage on page 3.2.Remember the words and phrases in this lesson.Talk about the ways you learn other subjects.You can use the following phrases and sentences.How do you learn Chinese/math/physics/chemistry?Do you learn history and geograp
35、hy by_?4a Answer the questions.Then match the questions and answers.1.How do you practice speaking?2.How do you learn new words?3.How do you improve your writing?4.How do you practice listening?5.How do you improve your pronunciation?6.How do you learn grammar?1.How do you practice speaking?2.How do
36、 you learn new words?3.How do you improve your writing?4.How do you practice listening?5.How do you improve your pronunciation?6.How do you learn grammar?cefabda.By watching English programs.b.By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.c.By having conversations with friends.d.By taking notes,doin
37、g exercises and reading a lot.e.By making word cards.f.By writing e-mails to my pen pals.match physics chemistry Chinese history geography4b Complete these statements.Use information that is true for you.e.g.I usually practice my English by taking notes/reading books and newspapers/speaking English
38、with my classmates/memorizing sentence patterns.a.I usually practice my math by_.b.I usually practice my physics by_.c.I usually practice my chemistry by_.d.I usually practice my Chinese by _.e.I usually practice my history and geography by _.4c Check()what you do to learn English.Then interview you
39、r partner.A:Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises?B:Yes,I do.A:How often do you do them?B:I learn English byMy partner learnsEnglish by yesno how oftenyesno how oftendoing grammar exercises.taking notes in English.reading English books/magazines.keeping a diary in English.using an English
40、dictionary.How do you learn English?I learn by studying with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes,I do.It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster?You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation?One way is by listening to tapes.定定 义义:它是一种兼有动词和名词特征它是一种兼有
41、动词和名词特征 的非谓语动词形式。的非谓语动词形式。基本形式基本形式:V-ing作作 用用:动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可 以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。性质性质 主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语动名动名词词n.pron.动名词的基本用法动名词的基本用法1.用作主语用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。作。e.g.Playing with fire is dangerous.注意：注意：动名词做主语，有时先用动名词做主语，有时先用it作作形式形式主语，把动名词置于
42、句末主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。惯句型中常用。1)It is no use/good/useless+doing2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。e.g.Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收）覆水难收）It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语用作宾语1)作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词有：常见的此类动词有：prac
43、tise,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,depend on,think about,succeed in,worry about,be used to,get used to,look forward to,pay attention to,等。等。e.g.How do you practice speaking?I have to finish reading a book and give a report.2)作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 1.I learn English by doing g
44、rammar exercises.2.Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3.He was late again because of getting up late.4.Lock the doors and windows before going out.5.What/How about the two of us playing games？1.She cant help _(cry)after _(hear)the bad news.2.Do you feel like _(have)a break?活学活用活学活用he
45、aringhavingcrying3)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。等，但表达的意义不同。e.g.I remember seeing her at the hotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生动作尚未发生)1.remember/forget/regretto do 动作尚未发生动作尚未发生doin
46、g 动作已经发生动作已经发生2.try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）试试去做（看有何结果）3.mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）意味着（主语一般是物）4.regretto do 对将要做的事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stop to do 停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手头的事情停止做手头的事情.作表语作表语 动名词作表语时动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或生命的
47、事物的名词或what引导的名词性从引导的名词性从句句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置主语、表语可互换位置。e.g.Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)动名词有动
48、名词有时态和语态时态和语态的变化。的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以：（以write为例）为例）时态时态语态语态一般时一般时完成时完成时主动语态主动语态writing having written 被动语态被动语态being written having been written 注意：注意：动名词的否定形式是：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 动名词的动名词的复合结构复合结构：动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构结构Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）（我开窗户吗）?Would you mind my
49、/me opening the window?my/me 称为动名词的逻辑主语。称为动名词的逻辑主语。I cant understand Jack/Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/His leaving his wife is unbelievable.选择题：选择题：1.My watch needs _,but I have no time to go to town to have it _.A.to repair;repaired B.to be repaired;repair
50、ing C.repairing;repaired D.being repaired;repaired活学活用活学活用2.You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth.A.telling B.not telling C.telling not D.not tell3.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _ it off.A.turning B.turn C.to turn D.having turned4.Hearing the bad news,the mother
