1、madeofcanruohanxingNon-defining attributive clausesGrammar 1Read the sentences and find out the differences between them.1)The old man that you met at the school gate is a professor.2)The temple which we visited last week dates from Song Dynasty.The old man is a professor,who is over 80 years old.Th
2、e temple,which is a place of interest in our hometown,dates from Song dynasty.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we b
3、ought last month.（限制性）（限制性）The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.（非限制性）（非限制性）2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：通常是非限制性的，例如：1.Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.2.My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.3.T
4、his novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词先行词,对其进行修饰对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor,whichis called evaporation.说明：关系代词说明：关系代词that和关系副词和
5、关系副词why不不能引导非限制性定语从句能引导非限制性定语从句.1.Sun Yat-sen,who became President of the Republic of China in 1912,died in 1925.2.The building of the Grand Canal,which is the worlds longest canal,began in 486 BC.3.The section of the canal,which was built in the seventh century,was mainly used for rice transportati
6、on.Do Activity 2 and check your answers.1.The Yangtze river,which is more than 6,000 kilometers long,is the third longest river in the world.2.The Three Gorges Dam,which will generate a large amount of energy,is the biggest construction project in China.3.Mao Zedong,who is a great leader of China,wr
7、ote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River.Do Activity 3 and check your answers.限定性定语从句和非限定限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别1.1.限制性定语从句修饰前面的名词，使其限制性定语从句修饰前面的名词，使其有别于其他同类名词，可以清楚表达所修有别于其他同类名词，可以清楚表达所修饰名词的特征。饰名词的特征。The man who told me this refused to give me his name.The noise that he made woke everybod
8、y up.2.非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不做限定性描述，仅作说明和补充。做限定性描述，仅作说明和补充。Peter,who had been driving all day,suggested stopping at the next town.She gave me this dictionary,which she had bought in the bookshop.比较以下句子比较以下句子:The college students who knew the truth left the small town.The college students,w
9、ho knew the truth,left the small town.He has a son who works in a hospital.He has a son,who works in a hospital.3.3.在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。关系定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。代词跟在介词之后不能省略。The letter(which/that)I received was from Ben.Carol said t
10、he work would be done by October,which personally I doubt very much.Contraction of attributive clausesGrammar 2 有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句的缩略。定语从句的缩略。有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（系代词（wh
11、o,which,that）和部分谓）和部分谓语（语（am,is,are,were)等，从而使之缩等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。例如：后置定语。例如：1)I know the men(who are)sitting in that car.2)The boys helped the people(that were)hurt in the accident.3)The problem(which is)bothering everybody is the lack of money.4)The book(that has been)giv
12、en to him is an English novel.有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：5)The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking.The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking.6)Bill,who h
13、ad taken chemistry in high school,offered to help him.Bill,having taken chemistry in high school,offered to help him.1.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while2.Julia was good at German,French and Russian,all of _ she spoke fluently.A.who B.whom C.which D.that CC
