1、Unit 5Canada “The True North”Learning about languagemulti=many meaningsmulticulturalincluding many culturesmultinational including many nationsmultistoreyhaving many stories/storeysmulticoloured made of many coloursmultimediausing many media(TV,CDs)multichannelhaving many channelsDiscovering useful
2、words and expressions 1 Guess the meanings of the words below.multiformexisting in many formsmultitrackmade of many tracks(eg.railways and tapes)multifaithincluding many religions/faithsmultimember made of many members/people(committees and organizations)ward(s)=in a directionmeaningseastward(s)to t
3、he eastforward(s)ahead,to the frontupward(s)to higher position/leveloutward(s)out,in a direction awaydownward(s)to lower position/levelbackward(s)to the rear,to the backwestward(s)to the westsouthward(s)to the southnorthward(s)to the northinward(s)to the insidetoward(s)in a direction to 2 Find words
4、 in this unit that have the same meaning as the definitions.1._ bags that people take with them when they travel2._ a government member who is in charge of a government department3._ a short informal test4._ to talk to someone in a friendly,informal waybaggageministerquizchat5._ on or onto a ship,pl
5、ane,bus or train6._ general appearance of nature around you,especially beautiful nature7._ in or by a very small amount,so small that it almost cannot be seen8._ to be all around sb.or sth.on every sideaboardsceneryslightlysurround3 Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.The
6、 city of Rome,Italy,completely _ the smallest country in the world,the Vatican City State.surroundsacre border harbour measure surround urban within It has an area of 0.44 square kilometres with a _ _ 3.2 kilometres long.Because the Vatican is entirely _ Rome,it has no _ for ocean ships.The country
7、is really just one very small city:its _ area covers 100 percent of the country.border measuringwithinharboururbanNoun clauses as the appositiveGrammar1.同位语从句含义同位语从句含义同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news 等等)后面后面,对名对名词作进一步解释说明。词作进一步解释说明。结构结构:n.
8、+连接词连接词+从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 注注:1.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导;2.在在 have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprise
9、s many people.2)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。对其内容作进一步说明。如：如：Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他他
10、让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。今天下午不能来看你了。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。这个问题我们还没有决定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。2.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词 如果同位语从句意义完整如果同位语从句意义完整,则用则用that引导。引导
11、。that不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。只起连接作用。如：如：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。(the soldiers should cross the river at once是是the order的全部内容的全部内容,且意义完整，因此应且意义完整，因此应用用that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否是否”的含义的含义,则应该用
12、则应该用whether引导。引导。如：如：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。注意注意:if不能引导同位语从句。不能引导同位语从句。如果同位语从句意义不完整如果同位语从句意义不完整,需增加需增加“什么什么时候时候”、“什么地点什么地点”、“什么方式什么方式”等含义等含义,应该用应该用when,where,how等词引导。等词引导。如：如：I have no idea when Chaplins film wil
13、l be on.我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.我记不清他是怎样回家的我记不清他是怎样回家的,或许是骑自行车或许是骑自行车回去的。回去的。当主句的谓语较短当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。同位语从句常后置。如：如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。Sever
14、al years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。视察他们。区分同位语从句和定语从句时区分同位语从句和定语从句时,可以在先行词可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个使之构成一个新句子新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位则为同位语从句语从句,反之反之,则为定语从句。如：则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign
15、was false.他将辞职的传闻是假的。他将辞职的传闻是假的。本句中本句中,先行词与从句之间加上一个先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：后为：The report was that he was going to resign.因为该句句意通顺因为该句句意通顺,所以所以that he was going to resign是是同位语从句同位语从句。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别I have heard the news that he visited our factory.I have heard the news that he told you the othe
16、r day.同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：1)同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用只起连接作用,不作任何成分。不作任何成分。定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词是关系代词,起连接作用和充当起连接作用和充当 宾语和主语。宾语和主语。2)同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明。对名词进行补充说明。定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰对名词进行修饰,加以限定。加以限定。3)同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省。不能省。定语从句定语从句 that
17、 在从句中作宾语时在从句中作宾语时,可以省。可以省。1)从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句同位语从句前面的名词只能是前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order 等有一定内涵的名词等有一定内涵的名词,而而定语定语从句从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。一部分或是整个主句。He told me the news that he would come home from aboar
18、d soon.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.我们的队赢了我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)2)2)从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性属于名词
19、性从句的范畴从句的范畴,如如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个到底是一个 什么消息什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语)3)从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如有些引导词如how,
20、whether,what 可以可以 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句同位语从句)引导词引导词that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主在从句中一般作主语或宾语语或宾语(指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替),并且作并且作宾语时常常省略宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接在同位语从句中仅起连接作用作用,不充当任何成分不充当任何成分
21、,并且不能省略并且不能省略,也不能也不能用用which来代替来代替,如如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句,是对是对order的具体的具体解释解释,that虽不作成分虽不作成分,但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few
22、 people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句定语从句,是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语,that在在从句中作从句中作received的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略)【例题点击例题点击】1.Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 答案为答案为
23、B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是是information的的内容内容,且连接词在从句中不作成分且连接词在从句中不作成分,所以该句所以该句为同位语从句。为同位语从句。B2.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.This is the information _ has been put forward.A.what B.thatC.when D.as 答案为答案为B。that
24、has been put forward为为information的修饰性定语的修饰性定语,且引导词在从句且引导词在从句中作主语中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。所以该句为定语从句。B3.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is A答案答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法用法,因插入语应位于引导词之后因插入语应
25、位于引导词之后,所以所以D项项不对不对,B、C两项无法构成正确结构。两项无法构成正确结构。1.A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.that B.which C.until D
26、.if D考考你考考你A3.-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when 4.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./BA5.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it
27、6.We havent settled the question _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A.if B.where C.whether D.thatBC判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is
28、 well known to us all.4.I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句5.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.6.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.7.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates w
29、ill be admitted into university.8.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句For more exercises,click here.I.在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。句和同位语从句完整。1.This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.2.Ill never forget the day
30、s _ I worked together with you.3.Please pass me the book _ cover is green.where whenwhose4.Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?5.The person to _ you spoke is a famous actor.6.She sat on the corner of the table near the door by _ her husband always entered.7.The white flower is the only one _ I
31、 really like.why whom whichthat8.The news was very exciting _ our class had won the football match.9.They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atoms.10.The question _ we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided.11.They told the policeman the fact _ they had nothing to do with the mu
32、rder.thatthatwhere/when/whetherthat12.All agreed to his suggestion _ a bridge across the river be built.13.The question _ should do the work requires consideration.14.This is our only request _ this(should)be settled as soon as possible.15.Word came _ our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.thatw
33、ho thatthat1.我不知道怎样到达火车站。我不知道怎样到达火车站。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.2.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.II.用同位语从句翻译下列句子。用同位语从句翻译下列句子。3.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。People used to hold the opinion that the earth was the
34、 center of the universe.4.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。实感到高兴。No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.5.我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。The question when we will start the work is not decided 1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.which B.what C.why D.that
35、 2.I have no idea _ he will set off for home this afternoon.A.when B.why C.what D./3.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.where B.whether C.that D.when4.I have never seen a squirrel.So you cannot have any idea _ a happy thing a squirrel is.A.that B.how C.which D.whatChoose the
36、 best answers.DBBD5.Mr.Frank asked me a question _ I could go with him to _ he called the Treasure House the next week.A.that;which B.whether;that C.whether;what D.that;where6.He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression _ he was boarding the Tokyo plane.A.when B.where C.that D.what 7.He cant ans
37、wer the question _ he got the money.A.that B.why C.how D.whetherCCC8.She gave us the suggestion _we _the scientific instrument in a better way.A.that;made B.whether;should C.that;make D.why;made9.That was the reason _ he told me this morning.A.why B.that C.because D.whether10.The farm _ we visited l
38、ast month is not far from here.A.that B.where C.when D.on whichCBAThe notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.（2012 江苏）江苏）A.when B.that C.whether D.how解析：句意为是解析：句意为是“会议将被延期的通知大会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟传来约下午两点钟传来”。空格后的句子是解。空格后的句子是解释说明名词释说明名词 the notice，作同位语从句，且，作同位语从句，且从句结构完整，
39、所以用从句结构完整，所以用that引导。引导。B真题解析真题解析Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.（2012 重庆）重庆）A.why B.how C.whether D.that解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语句子主语Evidence的同位语从句，在这一的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分
40、，应该使用用that作为引导词。因此，正确答案为作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D项。项。DModern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.(2011天津天津)A.what B.which C.that D.where解析：解析：that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,修饰修饰evidence。that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有真实含义。句子意思是何成分，也没有真实含义。句子意思是“现代科学已经清楚地表明吸烟能导致很现代科学已经清楚地表明吸烟
41、能导致很多种疾病。多种疾病。”C When the news came _ the war broke out,he decided,to serve in the army.(2011 辽宁辽宁)A.since B.which C.that D.because解析：本句意思是：当消息传来说战争爆发解析：本句意思是：当消息传来说战争爆发了，他决定去部队服役。句中了，他决定去部队服役。句中the war broke out是是news指代的具体内容，因此，此处应指代的具体内容，因此，此处应选择选择that来引导同位语从句，故答案为来引导同位语从句，故答案为C。需注意的是，需注意的是，that虽然
42、不充当句子成分，但虽然不充当句子成分，但是不能省略。是不能省略。C(10湖北湖北74)The news _(房价将要下跌房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)(09江西江西33)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.thoughthat the housingprice will fallC(09四
43、川四川7)News came from the school office _Wang Lin had beenadmitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where CFor more exercises,click here.1.I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes,it could be.I wonder _ we can do about it.(北京北京 2002春季春季)A.if B.how C.what D.that2._ is no possibility _ B
44、ob can win the first prize I the match.(上海上海2001春春)A.There;that B.It;what C.There;whether D.It;whether3.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)A.until B.that C.when D.whereCCA高考真题高考真题4.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been
45、admitted to Beijing University.（2009四川）四川）A.which B.what C.that D.where5.Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.（2009浙江）浙江）A.When B.that C.whether D.what6.We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.（2009重庆）重庆）
46、A.that B.when C.which D.whereCBA7.One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.（2010上海）上海）A.that B.how C.what D.why8.The news _(房价房价 将要下跌将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)(2010湖北湖北)Athat the housin
47、g price will fallDiscovering useful structuresAnswers to exercise 1 on page 37:1.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.2.Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coas
48、t.3.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.Suggest answers to exercise 2 on page 37:1.The possibility that the weather in winter would be warmer pleased the Canadians.2.The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people.3.The hope that we could
49、 go to France was exciting.4.The fact that more and more people settle down in Canada surprises me.5.The belief that the world is flat is not scientific.WorkbookDiscovering useful structures-ive-yactimpressexpensefrostmistsmokeactiveimpressiveexpensivefrostymistysmokyAnswers to exercise 1 on page 70
50、-(r)ess-inghostactorwaiterhearspellfeelhostessactresswaitresshearingspellingfeelingre-tellplacebuildretellreplacerebuildAnswer key for exercise 2 on page 70On my first morning in Toronto,I woke up early.Looking through the _,I could just see the _ trees near the hotel entrance.The _ from the recent
