1、Section Discovering Useful Structures关系代词引导的限制性定语从句一、定语从句的概念【观察思考】He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。He is the man whom/that I met yesterday.他是我昨天遇到的那个人。The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试。This is the book whose cover is blue.这就是封面是蓝色的那本书。【
2、探究总结】(1)定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫作先行词。(3)关系词:引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(、)和关系副词(when、where、why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。答案答案:(3)that;which;who;whom;whose【应用实践】写出黑体词所指代的词及在从句中所作的成分The girl who told us the news is his sister.(指代,作)This is the car which he bought last year
3、.(指代,作)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?(指代,作)The film that we saw yesterday is interesting.(指代,作)The woman whom you saw just now is our English teacher.(指代,作)答案答案:the girl;主语主语the car;宾语宾语anyone;定语定语the film;宾语宾语the woman;宾语宾语二、关系代词的基本用法1.that/which【观察思考】The doctor(that)you a
4、re looking for is in the room.你正找的那位医生在房间里。(指人,作宾语)A man that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.完全满足于现状的人是个失败者。(指人,作主语)The building that/which stands near the river is our school.河边矗立的那座建筑物是我们的学校。(指物,作主语)Is this the book(that/which)she was looking for?这是她刚才正在找的那本书吗?(
5、指物,作宾语)【探究总结】(1)that既可指也可指,which用来指。(2)that、which在定语从句中都可作、,作时常可省略。答案答案:(1)人人;物物;物物(2)主语主语;宾语宾语;宾语宾语【应用实践】选词填空(that/which)。The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspiration(灵感)for great inventions.Yesterday he sold his car he bought last month.Is he the old man wants to see you?答案答案:
6、that/whichthat/whichthat2.who/whom【观察思考】The person who lost the library book must pay for it.丢失图书馆书籍的人必须赔偿。The actor(who/whom)you wanted to see didnt come.你想见的那名演员没有来。He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.他就是与你母亲谈过话的那名医生。【探究总结】(1)who用于指,可作和,作宾语时可以省略。(2)whom只作,跟在介词后时,不能省略。答案答案:(1)人人;主语主语;宾语宾语(2)
7、宾语宾语【应用实践】选词填空(who/whom)。The student is answering the question is John.Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.Mr Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.答案答案:whowhowho/whom3.whose【观察思考】This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.这就是那个全世界闻名的科学家。
8、He bought a house last week whose windows are made of wood.上周他买了一所房子,窗户是由木头做成的。【探究总结】whose可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作。指人时,相当于;指物时,相当于。答案答案:定语定语;of whom;of which【应用实践】(1)单句语法填空The book cover is missing is mine.I have a penfriend mother is a teacher.(2)用含有whose的定语从句合并句子The boy is called Li Lei./His parents were
9、dead in the flood.Mr Wang is the policeman./His house caught fire last Sunday.答案答案:(1)whosewhose(2)The boy whose parents were dead in the flood is called Li Lei.Mr Wang is the policeman whose house caught fire last Sunday.三、关系代词使用的特殊情况1.指物时只用that不用which的情况【观察思考】Is there anything that I can do for yo
10、u?我能为你做点什么吗?You can take any seat that is free.你可以在任何一个空位坐下。This is the only book that can be useful to us.这是唯一一本会对我们有用的书。It is the first composition that I have written in English.这是我写的第一篇英语作文。This is the most interesting film that we have ever seen.这是我们看过的最有趣的电影。He told us the people and the place
11、s that he had visited.他告诉我们他曾拜访过的人和参观过的地方。Which is the book that you like best?你最喜欢哪本书?【探究总结】(1)当先行词是不定代词everything、anything、nothing、all、none等时,或当先行词受every、any、all、few等词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(2)当先行词被形容词修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(3)当先行词被修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(4)当先行词表示“正是的”,由the very、修饰时,关系代词一般用that。(5)当先行词包括人与物时,关系代词一般用th
12、at。(6)当先行词前面有who,等疑问代词时,关系代词一般用that。答案答案:(2)最高级最高级(3)序数词序数词(4)the only(6)which【应用实践】单句语法填空。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools we had visited.This is one of the most exciting football games I have ever seen.The first thing you could do was to turn off the light.答案答案:thatthatthat2.指物
13、时只用which不用that的情况【观察思考】The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday.他正用来写字的笔是昨天买的。That which you told him is exciting.你告诉他的事是令人兴奋的。【探究总结】(1)当关系代词前使用时,只用which。(2)先行词本身是,或一个句子同时有两个定语从句,其中一个是由that引导时,另一个用which,以免重复。答案答案:(1)介词介词(2)that【应用实践】选词填空(that/which)。You can take any room you like.The la
14、dder on I am standing was bought in the supermarket.He hides all the people and things he knows.答案答案:thatwhichthat四、定语从句的注意事项【观察思考】The books which lie on the table are his.放在桌上的那些书是他的。The book which lies on the table is his.放在桌上的那本书是他的。He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是那些取得很大进
15、步的学生中的一个。He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.他是唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。【探究总结】(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词与在数上保持一致。(2)“one of+复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句修饰的是复数名词,所以如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词应用形式。(3)“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句修饰的是the only one,所以如果关系代词在从句中作主语,从句中谓语动词要用形式。答案答案:(1)先行词先行词(2)复数复数(3)第三人称单数第三人称单数
