1、定语从句2022年2月CONTENTS01语法知识02解题步骤03考点应用04真题训练语法知识PART 11.定语从句的概念“什么是定语”用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词，此外还有介词短语和非谓语。中间常用”的”表示。所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。【例题】划出定语The two boys are students.a woman in redThey lived in the room above.We are a strong-willed team.“什么是定从”句子一：Chiji is a game.句子二：I like Chiji.用
2、And 连成一句话Chiji is a game and I like it.Chiji is a game that I like.“什么是定从”主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰或限定作用的从句。被修饰的名词叫先行词【例句1,2016全国III】These are the people that make me write papers.【例句2，2018北京】She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.【例句3，2009天津】A person whose e-mail account is full wont
3、 be able to send or receive any e-mails.2.定从的关系词主宾定语人whose物which/thatwhom关系副词whenwho/thatwhywhere“关系词有哪些”先行词在定从中所做的成分注：逗号后，介词后不用that！1）先行词被形容副词最高级修饰2）先行词被序数词修饰时3)当先行词既有人也有物时4）当先行词被the only,the very,the last 等修饰时6）当先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中做表语5）当先行词前有 who,which 等疑问代词时7）当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,l
4、ittle,some,none等不定代词时,或有every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much 修饰时“只用that而不用which 的情况”Whose:表示所属关系，一般指人，也可指物在从句中做定语，指物时相当于 of which,指人时相当于of whom.【例1】I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.2016北京【例3】A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opport
5、unities abroad.2014山东【例2】The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.（2011全国）“whose”“as”关系代词as 引导的定语从句关系代词先行词在定语从句中所做的成分as人/物/事情主，宾，表as引导限制性定语从句只用于such,the same,as 修饰的固定结构中，在从句中充当主、宾、表。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的意思，先行词通常是完整句子，位置很灵活。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes,as is said a
6、bove,as is mentioned above,as often happens,as is reported,as is often the case，as is well known，as we all know【练习1】A wise man seldom talks about such things he doesnt understand.【例题】用as/that填空He is such a clever boy everyone likes.He is such a clever boy everyone likes him“as”常见抽象地点名词：atmosphere,jo
7、b,work,situation,point,case,activity,society,system,stage,state,scene,field,dream关系副词定从解题步骤PART TWO解题步骤2.判断从句是否缺成分4.填入正确的关系词1.判断是否是定从3.往从句前找先行词1.判断是否是定从方法划出从句，如果主句完整，从句不完整-定从（关系代词引导）划出从句，如果主句完整，从句也完整且从句前有表时间，地点，原因的名词，那么是定语从句解题步骤2.判断从句是否缺成分方法根据从句谓语动词的类型去判断：Vt 后跟一个宾语介词+宾语双宾动词后跟2个宾语vi 后不跟宾语注：若谓语部分是被动语态
8、，则视为不缺宾语解题步骤2.判断从句是否缺成分方法缺主宾-用关系代词缺定语-空格前后是所属关系，可以理解为“n1的n2”缺状语-用关系副词解题步骤3.往前找先行词方法注意：先行词一定在从句前面先行词一定是名词或者代词解题步骤考点应用PART THREE1.题型应用“1.考点”1.考查关系词的使用：需要弄清关系代词，关系副词的使用2.考查限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：关系词的误用2.易混考点“关系代词和关系副词”用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句是否缺成分（其实也就是从句中的谓语动词）不缺成分（做状语）用关系副词“定语从句和同位语从句”1.两种从句所起的作用不同：定语从句是从句对先行词的限定和
9、修饰 同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步的说明和解释2.引导从句的that的功能不同：定语从句中that是关系代词，在从句中做成分 同位语从句中的That 无成分，无意义真题训练PART FOUR“语法填空”1.Maybe you leave a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.（2014新课标I）2.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,which is not good for the health.（2017新课标I）3.But Sarah,who has ta
10、ken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.（2017新课标III）4.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.（2016新课标III）“语法填空”6.Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream p
11、lace for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.（2015新课标I）7.Nicks guests,who had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.（2013广东）“短文改错”1.Finally he rea
12、ched a lonely island where(改为that/which)was completely cut off from the outside world.2013山东2.The village has developed a lot which(改为where)we learned farming two years ago.2007福建3.The prize will go to the writer which(改为whose)story shows the most imagination.2011全国4.Everybody sleeps in tents,that(改为which)is very exciting.（2006福建）5.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle,that(改为which)was only one hundred yuan.（2009辽宁）Thank youend
