1、Z2Z 1212HhhV222024iiiZehmr 21212120 124eVrrrrS12001212A12112,SzzMzzussussq qr rr r012Hhh llnlmnnlmhuurr SS1202llnlmnlmnuuuErr SS12120AA121201212llllllllnlmn l mn l mnlmnnnlmn l mn l mnlmnnuuuuuEuuuuuE rrrrrrrr,ln l m,lln l mn l m 012EEV S1212S1212llllnlmnlmnlmnlmuuuuuur rrrr rrr,212S12S1212012d d4eV
2、uur rr rr rrr,llllnlm nlmnlmnlmeuu rrrS,2llllnlm nlmnnlm nlmEK ,1,212012d d4llllnlm nlmnlm nlmrrr rrr,llnlm nlmK S1212AS1212A1212llllllllnlmn l mn l mnlmnlmn l mn l mnlmuuuuuuuuuu rrrrrrrr212S12S1212AA012,d d4eVuur rr rr rrr ,llllnlm n l mnlmn l meuu rrr ,1,212012,1,212012d d4d d4llllllllnlm nlmn l
3、m n l mnlm n l mn l m nlm rrr rrrrrr rrr,llnlm n l mK ,llnlm n l mJ SA,llllllnlm n l mnnnlm n l mnlm n l mEKJ 002nK00nnJJ1SMK22221212122232022221SJJJS ssssSssn121,0,01,0,022200124nZ ena 002Z S012E2100,1000058 4ZeKa22S100,100005174.8eV48Z eEaZ 78.98eVE 1,0,0,ln l mSA100,1100,100,lllnlmnnlmnlmEKJ001SM
4、01121212K12KJ12KJ22221100244NNiiijiijZeeHmrr S r01HHH 22201024NiiiiZeHS rmr 211104NNiijiijeHS rr 1H 204ZeV rS rr 222V ruum rr,Y,llnlmnllmurRr nl2 21nlglnl01i iNn liE,1,2,iin liN1s2s2p1s2s2p1s2s2p21s21s 2s1s2s221s 2snlNnl0,nlnln lEN,nln lNNZ2,10,18,36,54,86,Z 3,11,19,37,55,87,Z,n ln123456KLMNOPn符号l01
5、2341spdfgln 符号,lsn l m ml2 21l n1202 212nllnnl,n lnls,1 d,2 fnnn1s2p3d4f2s3s4s5s6s3p4p5p6p4d5d20406080100Z0nlnlns2 f1 dpnnnnnlnlns,1 dnn2 f,1 dnn1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p5d6s6p4d5s5p6d7s7p4f5d6s5f6d7s58Ce11259Pr3260Nd4261Pm5262Sm6263Eu7264Gd71265Tb9266Dy10267Ho11268Er12269Tm13270Yb14271Lu141257La1290Th2291Pa
6、21292U31293Np41294Pu6295Am7296Cm71297Bk9298Cf10299Es112100Fm122101Md132102No142103Lr141289Ac1288Ra2104Rf2?2?89103AcLr87Fr11H12He24Be25B216C227N238O243Li19F2510Ne2612Mg213Al2114Si2215P2316S2411Na117Cl2518Ar2620Ca221Sc1222Ti2223V3224Cr5125Mn5226Fe6227Co7228Ni8229Cu10130Zn10231Ga102132Ge102233As102334S
7、e102419K135Br102536Kr102638Sr239Y1240Zr2241Nb4142Mo5144Ru7143Tc5245Rh8146Pd1047Ag10148Cd10249In102150Sn102251Sb102352Te102437Rb153I102554Xe102656Ba25771LaLu72Hf2273Ta3274W4275Re5276Os6277Ir7278Pt9179Au10180Hg10281Tl102182Pb102283Bi102384Po102455Cs185At102586Rn102626spn n21spn1 snp221Y,4llllmmll e8e
8、10e11e1sn25spn np 22201024NiiiiZeHS rmr 0000HE0,nlnln lEN,nln lNNnlN2 21,CnlnlNlNn lg2221s 2s 2p26C15g 221s 2s 2p3s1162C C12g 221s 2s 2p3p1166C C36g 0E 211104NNiijiijeHS rr 21NiiiiHrls1HZ42HZ1H11NNiiiiLlSsJLS2HLS2H1,2,iiiiNjls1Hij1NiiJj1HL,iLNlL MS,iiLSNn lL MS M01LSEEH21 21LSgLS1NiiLl1NiiSsilLisS,i
9、SNsS M220,zzHLSLS220,1,1,LSE L LMS SM2H 2221NiiiiHrlLsSLSLSJLS,L SJ,JL S J M,iiJNn lL S J M2220,zHJL SJ2220,1,1,1,JE L LS SJ JM22,1112L SHJ JL LS S2LSJLSEEH22212L SJLS21LSJgJ 221,NiiiiL SrlL sSLS0ELSE1LSJELSJE21,LSJLSJEEJL SJ21SJL21S 01234SPDFGL符号1212,NNl llLJs ssS210llznlziLnllili nli nlmlLlMmsm00n
10、lnlLSnlnlii nlLlnlii nlSs21 21nlNls210ssznlziSnlsisi nli nlmsSsMmlm0nlJ221s 2s 2p3p2p3p12nn121211 2llss2,1,01,0LS3333213332103112111023,2,1D,D,D7,5,3112,1,0P,P,P5,3,101S322D5011P300S1LSJSLJg谱项112p3p66C C36g2221s 2s 2p121221nnll,lsm m,1,1 21,1 20,1 20,1 21,1 21,1 21,1 2lsm m,1,1,22 0LSMM1,0,1 211,01,
11、01,0,1 20100,10,01,1,112,100,11,01,101,01 22 0 0,000LSLSMM1,11,0,11,0,1LSLSMM2,02,1,0,1,20LSLSMM 2262pC15g1212LllSssMmmMmm2LSJSLJg谱项3,2,1333321D,D,D7,5,3333210112,1,0P,P,P5,3,10131S31222D501111P31000S12nlLS1S L0S L2241s 2s 2p62p6422p2p2p0LLL422p2pLL6422p2p2p0SSS422p2pSS2 21lxnl xnlSSLJxnl021,021xlL
12、Sxl32P5g 31P3g 30P1g 2122p15g 10S12D3P9g 1g 5g 32P5g 31P3g 30P1g 122Hiiijls,iil sij,iiijil sj m,iiijiNn lj m 2nljnlnljh1 2,1 2jll1 202,Nj jjnljnljnljnljn l jn l jENENh 221112nlnljrhj jl ls s1 221,CnljNNj jjjn l jg 2hr l s221NiiHh1HJ,iJNjJ M1NiiJjijJ,iiiJNn ljJ M 1 21 21NNj jj Jj jjEEH1 221Nj jj JgJ0
13、E1 2Nj jjE1 2Nj jj JE1 21Nj jj JE12,NJjjj111222,NNNl sjl sjJlsj 21 21 221 21 232111240llnlnljnljjljlrNhjj jl l nl1 21 221lnlj lNj 0nlJ1 21 20jljznlziJnljiji nli nlj lmjJjMmm 2pn12121nnll,jj m,3 2,3 2 3 2,1 2 3 2,1 2 3 2,3 23 2,3 2jj m23 2,1 2JM3 2,01 213 2,3 210200JJM22,1,0,1,2JJM 12JjjMmm121 23 2,1
14、 2ssj,1 2,1 2 1 2,1 23 2,3 23 2,1 23 2,110122102,3 2123jj m,1 2,1 2 1 2,1 21 2,1 2jj m1 2,1 20JM00JJM22,1,0,1,2JJM 11,0,1JJM1 2123 23 23j j JjjJg谱项,2,1 2021,03 2,3 2,3 2,3 25,11 23 22,11 2,3 2,1 2,3 25,31 21 210,01 2,1 212p15g 3 2,3 21g 6g 8g 1 2,3 201 2,1 22p15g 10S12D3P9g 1g 5g 21 2,3 211 2,3 23g
15、5g 23 2,3 203 2,3 25g 1g 32P5g 31P3g 30P1g 216p7s12120,11 2llss121 23 2,1 2jj 1 21221101 2,3 2,1 2,3 23 22,15,31 21 21,03,11 2,1 2,1 2,1 2j j JjjJg谱项2p3s11,0LS33321011P,P,P12,1,05,3,11013PLSJLSJg谱项6p7s5p6s4p5s3p4s2p3s11P32P31P30P11 2,3 221 2,3 211 2,1 201 2,1 2JJJ1,0001,0JJJJM 11,0JJM 1 11Niil 10ll
16、跃迁电子其余01,0SL 1,00jj 跃迁电子其余snn lnl n l 0n ln 0nln1 2LlSs,1,JLS LSLS1 2,01 2,0llJjl11,01,0jljm 1 2,01 2,0llJjl,1,jls lsls 21 2S3s4s5s6s21 2P23 2P3p4p5p6p23 2D25 2D3d4d5d6d25 2F27 2F4f5f6f2261s 2s 2p nl2snsn n l n lnl 1,0LlS跃迁电子0S 1Ll 1,0 001,0JJM 21s31S10S10LLL 31,10LL LLL10S0S 10S11P12D13F31S33,2,1D3
17、4,3,2F1234532,1,0P0l 0l 0S 1snl1NiiBilisil isigg lsBLSlsgg LSLJSzSLJBJJJJg JJJ113221JS SL LgJ J1jJ2jz2j1 jJ12jjBJJJJg JJJ1212jjB1,2jijiigi j113221iiiijiiis sl lgjj11221221121112111121JjjJ JjjjjggJ JJ JjjjjgJ JzBBe3H BBJJg J3132,HHHH3BJJJHM gB BBL21,1,JLSJMLSJJJJEEMMJ JJ 1 21 2L21,1,NJNj jj JMj jj JJ
18、JJEEMMJ JJ LddtJJBJJgBMBJBLJgBBJJ3LJHM0SJLLJJMJJEEM 0L1,0JJMM 1Jg BLB0L11,0,JJMM 1024d 5s10S5s5p11P5s5d12D11P12D10S121010120BLJgB0S 3s21 2S3p21 2P23 2P21 2P23 2P21 2S2Jg 23Jg 43Jg 3 21 21 23 21 21 21 21 2113221JS SL LgJ J,lsn l m m,jn l j m3n 28Z 4D4P伦琴夫人手骨底片伦琴夫人手骨底片minIKKminmaxhKeVminmaxchceVK,K,L,
19、L,K,L,M,N,KKKK1341C ZCRK21nn2K204Zer2221KKK22113124EEZRcRc ZhK124K22301,28nZRhcmeERnnh c KK21LL32MM43NN54nnnnnnnn线系有空穴壳层电子跃迁KLMNKKLMLMKKL1K2KL1 2KsIII3 2II1 2I1 2LpLpLsV5 2IV3 2III3 2II1 2I1 2MdMdMpMpMs2K1K10,1lj 22201024NiiiiZeHS rmr nlnnlnlnln,iilisiNn l m m ,iiijiNn lj m ,iiNn lnlN0,nlnln lEN,nln
20、 lNN 211104NNiijiijeHS rr 21NiiiiHrls12HH12HH12HH1H,iiLSNn lL MS M11NNiiiiLlSs01LSEEH21 21LSgLS2HJLS,iiJNn lL S J M22,1112L SHJ JL LS S2LSJLSEEH21LSJgJ21SJL1212,NNl llLJs ssS2nlLS2 21lxnlxnlSSLJ21,LSJLSJEEJL SJ2Hiiijls,iiijiNn lj m 1 2,Nj jjnljnljn l jEN 231124nlnljnlrj jl l1 221,CnljNNj jjjn l jg1H1NiiJj,iiiJNn ljJ M 1 21 21NNj jj Jj jjEEH1 221Nj jj JgJ12,NJjjj111222,NNNl sjl sjJlsj3H B3BJJJHM gB B3JJMJEEHBBk113221JS SL LgJ J1,0001,0JJJJM 1,0ll 跃迁电子其余0,1,0SL 1,0,0jj 跃迁电子其余0S B01,0JJBMM 1Jg B01,0JJJBM gM 0S 113221JS SL LgJ J
