1、第一章第一章 眼科学基础眼科学基础 Chapter one Basic ophthalmology10/10/20221.n 第一节第一节 眼的组织解剖眼的组织解剖 anatomy of eyeballn一眼球一眼球 The globe(eyeball)n 正常眼球的前后径出生时约正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm.n 3岁时达岁时达23mm.n 成年时成年时24mm.nanterior and posterior distance of normal eyeball is 16mm in born.At age 3 23mm,at adult 24mm10/10/20222.（一）（一）眼球壁
2、眼球壁 Eyecoatn1.外层外层 The outer coat 1/6 角膜角膜 Cornea 5/6 巩膜巩膜 Sclera10/10/20223.（1）角膜）角膜 Cornean横径横径 The transverse diameter 11.5-12mmn垂直径垂直径 The vertical diameter 10.5-11mm10/10/20224.n前前表面曲率半径表面曲率半径 The radius of convex curvature in front 7.8mmn后表面曲率半径后表面曲率半径 The radius of convex curvature in back 6.
3、8mmn角膜厚度中央部角膜厚度中央部 The central thickness 0.5-0.55mmn角膜厚度周边部角膜厚度周边部 The periphery thickness1mm 10/10/20225.组织学分层组织学分层上皮细胞层 Epithelium 前弹力层 Bowmans membrane基质层 Stroma后弹力层 Descemets membrane内皮细胞层 Endothelium 10/10/20226.10/10/20227.(2)巩膜 Sclera组织学分层 n表层巩膜 The episcleran巩膜实质层 The scleral stroman棕黑板层 The
4、 lamina fascia10/10/20228.n角巩膜缘 Limbus n前房角 Anterior chamber angle10/10/20229.2中层 The middle coat n葡萄膜 Uvean色素膜 Tunica pigmentosa 10/10/202210.（1）虹膜 Irisn分层：n基质层 Stroman色素上皮层 Pigment epithelial layern 瞳孔 Pupil:直径2.5-4mm 10/10/202211.(2)睫状体 Ciliary bodyn睫状冠 Pars plicata:前1/3n睫状突 Cliary processes:n睫状体
5、扁平部 Pars plana:后2/3n锯齿缘 Ora serrata:10/10/202212.(3)脉络膜 Choroidn组成n大血管层 Large vascular layern中血管层 Middle vascular layern毛细血管层 Capillary layer10/10/202213.3内层 Inner layer 视网膜 Retinan中心凹 Fovea 黄斑 Macula lutean中心小凹 Foveola黄斑中心凹Fovea centralisn视盘 Optic disc 视乳头 Optic papillan视杯、杯凹 Optic cup 10/10/202214
6、.视网膜分层 外层 n视网膜色素上皮层 Retinal pigment epithelium,RPE10/10/202215.内层 视网膜神经感觉层n 视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层）Cone and rod layern 外界膜 External limiting membranen 外核层 Outer nuclear layern 外丛状层 Outer plaxiformn 内核层 Inner nuclear layern 内丛状层 Inner plexiform layern 神经节细胞层 Ganglion cell layern 神经纤维层 Nerve fiber layern 内界
7、膜 Limiting membrane10/10/202216.10/10/202217.（二）眼球内容 Contents of the eyen1.房水 Aqueous humorn 前房 Anterior chambern 后房 Posterior chamber10/10/202218.2.晶状体 Lens10/10/202219.3.玻璃体 Vitreous body10/10/202220.10/10/202221.1.视路 Visual pathwayn光感受器双级细胞神经节细胞视乳头视神经视交叉视束外侧膝状体视放射视皮质nretinal photoreceptorbipolar
8、cellnervous ganglion cellsoptic diskoptic nerveoptic chasmoptic tractlateral geniculate bodyoptic radiationvisual cortex.10/10/202222.二、眼眶及附属器 Orbit and accessory apparatusn(一)眼眶 Orbitn1.视神经孔和视神经管 Optic foramen and canaln2.眶上裂 Superior orbital fissuren3.眶下裂 Inferior orbital fissuren4.眶上切迹（或孔）The sup
9、raorbital notch 10/10/202223.（二）眼睑 Eye lids n1 皮肤层 The skinn2 皮下组织层 Subcutaneousn3 肌层 Muscular layern4 睑板层 Layer of the tarsal platen5 结膜层 The conjunctival layer10/10/202224.10/10/202225.(三)结膜 Conjunctivan1 睑结膜 Palpebral conjunctivan2 球结膜 Bulbar conjunctivan3穹窿结膜 Fornical conjunctiva 10/10/202226.10
10、/10/202227.(四)泪器 Lacrimal apparatus 1泪腺 Lacrimal gland 2泪道 Lacrimal passages (1)泪小点 Lacrimal puncta (2)泪小管 Lacrimal canaliculi (3)泪囊 Lacrimal sac (4)鼻泪管 Nasolacrimal duct10/10/202228.10/10/202229.(五)眼外肌 Extraocular musclesn 4条直肌 Rectusn 上直肌 superior recti musclesn 下直肌 inferior recti musclesn 内直肌 med
11、ial recti musclesn 外直肌 external recti musclesn2条斜肌 Oblique musclen 上斜肌 superior oblique musclesn 下斜肌 Inferior oblique muscles10/10/202230.10/10/202231.三、视路 Visual pathwayn （一）视神经 Optic nerven (1)眼内段 Intraocularn (2)眶内段 Intraorbitaln (3)管内段 Intracanalicularn (4)颅内段 Intracranialn （二）视交叉 Optic chiasmn
12、（三）视束 Optic tractn （四）外侧膝状体 Lateral geniculate bodyn （五）视放射 Optic radiationn （六）视皮质 Visual cortex10/10/202232.2.瞳孔反射路 Pathway of papillary reflexn光反射 Light reflexn 直接光反射 Direct reflexn 间接光反射 Indirect reflexn 近反射 Near reflex10/10/202233.10/10/202234.四、眼球的血液循环和神经分布 Blood circulation and innervation of
13、 the globen（一）血液循环 Blood circulationn动脉 Arteryn 视网膜中央血管系统 the central retinal vascular system n 睫状血管系统 the ciliary vascular system 10/10/202235.n1.视网膜中央血管系统 The central retinal vascular systemn视网膜中央动脉 Central retinal artery,CRA10/10/202236.2.睫状血管系统the ciliary vascular system n(1)睫状后短动脉 Short posteri
14、or ciliary arteryn(2)睫状后长动脉 Long posterior ciliary arteryn(3)睫状前动脉 Anterior ciliary artery10/10/202237.静脉 Veinn1.视网膜中央静脉 Central retinal vein CRVn2.涡静脉 Vortex veinn3.睫状前静脉 Anterior ciliar vein 10/10/202238.（二）神经 Nerven1睫状神经节 Ciliary ganglionn2鼻睫状神经 Nasociliary nerve10/10/202239.视路及瞳孔反射 Optic pathway
15、 and pupillary reflex 10/10/202240.1瞳孔反射路 Pathway of pupillary reflexn 光反射 Light reflexn 直接光反射 direct reflexn 间接光反射 indirect reflexn 近反射 Near reflex10/10/202241.2.视路 Visual pathwayn光感受器双级细胞神经节细胞视乳头视神经视交叉视束外侧膝状体视放射视皮质nretinal photoreceptorbipolar cellnervous ganglion cellsoptic diskoptic nerveoptic chasmoptic tractlateral geniculate bodyoptic radiationvisual cortex.10/10/202242.10/10/202243.10/10/202244.
