1、Module 3 Grammar 非谓语动词非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)非谓语动词的句法功能：非谓语动词的句法功能：1.We let the raft sail down the river.2.I dont want to board a sinking ship.3.It is hard to make him change his mind.4.The first thing would be to decide where to go.5.To start with,his name is an invention.6.I have to find a way to
2、save him.7.Huck boraded the steamboat to see whether they could find anything useful.8.He arrived there without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats-(宾补宾补)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(表语表语)(插入语插入语)(定语定语)(状语状语)(状语状语)1.We paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat,keeping as quiet as mice.2.I
3、 could see a man lying on the floor,tied up with rope.3.There were two men standing over him.4.I told the man I had left my family on a sinking boat.5.The boat was full of stolen things from the steamboat.6.Jim looked terrified.7.We found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.8.He le
4、ft school early,and as an adolescent,determined to make his fortune,set off for New Orleans.9.Forced to change his plans,he worked for several years on a steamboat.(状语状语/现在分词现在分词)(宾补宾补/现在分词现在分词)(状语状语/过在分词过在分词)(定语定语/现在分词现在分词)(定语定语/过去分词过去分词)(表语表语/过去分词过去分词)(宾补宾补/过去分词过去分词)(状语状语/过去分词过去分词)(状语状语/过去分词过去分词)非
5、谓语动词形式及句法功能非谓语动词形式及句法功能 功能功能形式形式 句子成分句子成分 to v-(n.)主、宾；主、宾；(adj.)补、表、定；补、表、定；(adv.)状、插入语状、插入语v-ingv-ed(adj.)补、表、定；补、表、定；(adv.)状状 I.做主语的做主语的非谓语动词非谓语动词。_ a bike to school every day is a kind of low-carbon lifestyle._ a bike to school today is a wise choice.1)v.-ing表示一般习惯，抽象概念；表示一般习惯，抽象概念；to do表示具体或特表示
6、具体或特定的动作。定的动作。2)多数情况下，为保持句子平衡，常用多数情况下，为保持句子平衡，常用it 作形式主语而作形式主语而把把to do 移至句末。移至句末。Its no use/good-后习惯接动名词作主语。后习惯接动名词作主语。Its important _(exercise)every day.Its no use _ just for one day.覆水难收。覆水难收。Its no use crying over spilt milk.RidingTo rideto exerciseexercisingII.做表语的非谓语动词：做表语的非谓语动词：What we should
7、do now is _(protect)our environment.My job is _(unload)the boxes of chocolate.Many parents are _(worry)about whether their children can be qualified to enter their favorite universities.-表表状态状态，起，起说明、解释说明、解释作用作用注：比较注：比较谓语谓语动词的动词的时态语态形式时态语态形式：Well,I am unloading the boxes of chocolate.Many trees are
8、cut down these days.You are to clean the blackboard today.(to)protectunloadingworried(创新创新)In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuckIII.做宾语的非谓语动词：做宾语的非谓语动词：1)常见的带名词或动名词作宾语的词：常见的带名词或动名词作宾语的词：allow,avoid,appreci
9、ate,admit,consider,complete,delay,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,miss,mind,permit,practise,suggest 2)常见的动名词作宾语的短语：常见的动名词作宾语的短语：be busy,be worth,feel like,set about,object to,pay attention to,get down to,devote to,look forward to,lead to,stick to,listen to,refer to,turn to,thanks to,owing
10、to,due to,be/get used to,adapt to,cant help1)Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the activity during the vacation.A.having held B.to hold C.holding D.hold2)I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A.find B.found C.to find D.finding3)The letter we had been lo
11、oking forward to _(到了到了)at last.4)The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing _(solve)should have atracted the local governments attention.arrivedsolved3)既可以带动名词又可接不定式，且意思不同的动词既可以带动名词又可接不定式，且意思不同的动词 forget,remember,regret;mean,try,go on,stop,cant help1)Sorry!I forgot _(bring)my exercise boo
12、k.I forgot _(see)the film but your introduction reminded me of it.2)I regret _(tell)you that you are going to have a quiz tomorrow.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-well,now I regret _(do)that.to bringseeingto telldoing3)He didnt mean _(hurt)you.Does it mean _(walk)back all
13、the way.4)Stop _(make)such noise.I cant hear the teacher.Lets stop _(have)a look.5)They cant help _(work)it out because they will be on a trip right now.We couldnt help _(laugh)when the clown turned up on the stage.to hurtwalkingmakingto haveto worklaughing2)Do you mind _(Jane,leave)alone at home?3)
14、He is angry at _(he not accept)as a member of the group.Janes being left his not being accepted 1)No one enjoys _ (开玩笑开玩笑).being played a trick on4)注意动名词的被动形式和其逻辑主语注意动名词的被动形式和其逻辑主语5)need,want,require,be worth+doing 主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义以下感官动词和使役动词接不定式作时常不带以下感官动词和使役动词接不定式作时常不带to 一感：一感：feel二听：二听：listen t
15、o;hear三让：三让：have;let;make五看：五看：look at;notice;watch,seeobserveIV.做宾补的非谓语动词：做宾补的非谓语动词：-ed/-ing/(to)do 做宾补的区别做宾补的区别1、感官性动词后、感官性动词后I always hear him _ English songs.I heard him _ an English song when I passed by the room just now.I heard an English song _ by a little girl just now.singsingingsungI foun
16、d them _ at the table.I found them _ themselves at the table.seatedseatingPlease remain _;the winner will be announced.Can those _ at the back hear me?seatedseated2.主动语态中用主动语态中用不带不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上中要加上to：The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment.toThe missing boy was last see
17、n _ by the river.A.playing B.to be playingC.to play D.playA3、have/get 后接三种形式的区别后接三种形式的区别 have/get sth.done 让让做；遭受损失做；遭受损失1)I will have/get my bike _.(repair)have doing 让让一直做一直做/放纵放纵做做 get/setdoing 让让开始做开始做2)I am sorry to have had you _.(wait)3)I cant get the car _(run).have sb do=get sb to do4)Mothe
18、r had me _(go)to the shop and buy some salt.repairedwaitingrunninggo4.with+宾语+to do/done/doing1.With so many people _ him,he is making rapid progress.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped2.The manager is having a hard time with many problems _.A.to solve B.solving C.solved D.solve3.With all the work _
19、,he went home.A.finished B.to finish C.finishing D.having been finished创新创新P23 5)allow,advise,forbid,permit 等动词的特殊性等动词的特殊性 +_ sth.+sb._ sth.doingto doWe dont allow _ long hair at school.Boys _(wear)long hair is not allowed.Boys are not allowed _(wear)long hairs.to wearwearingto wearwearing5)hope,sug
20、gest,demand不接不接to do作宾补。作宾补。They hope David to make a speech about his experiences in China.We dont allow boys _ long hair at school.【经典例析经典例析】（10辽宁）辽宁）Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized If you have illegal immigrants _ in,m
21、any local workers will lose their jobs.A.came B.coming C.to come D.having come(P41 创新创新)1.They use computers to keep the traffic _.A.being run B.run C.to run D.running 2.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dream.A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind
22、3.Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried变形考法：变形考法：1.The plan which we would like to see _ soon needs improving.A.carried out B.to carry out C.carry out D.to be carried out2.Which do you enjoy _the weekend,watchin
23、g TV or playing badminton?A.spend B.to spend C.spending D.spent3.Whom would you rather _ out for a walk,Adam or me?A.have gone B.to have gone C.have go D.to have go4.The museum they paid a visit _on the Tianfu Square.A.lies B.to lies C.to lie D.lay1.V+ed,V+ing,to do作定语表示不同的时间关系。作定语表示不同的时间关系。The brid
24、ge _ across the river last year brought us a lot of convenience.The bridge _across the river now will have been completed by the end of this year.We are all looking forward to the bridge _ across the river next year.(创新创新)Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.(advertis
25、e)builtbeing builtto be builtV.做定语的非谓语动词：做定语的非谓语动词：2.不定式作定语时，若动词不及物，后面要有相不定式作定语时，若动词不及物，后面要有相应的介词。应的介词。He is a difficult person_.This is not a safe room _.to talk withto live in3.动名词和现在分词作定语的区别：动名词和现在分词作定语的区别：a walking stick=a stick_ walking a sleeping boy=a boy _ _sleeping for who is 表用途表用途 Im goin
26、g to the post office.Do you have any letter _?1.He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.2.Forced to change his plans,he worked for several years as a pilot on the steamboat,taking passengers up and down the Mississippi,VI.做状语的非谓
27、语动词：做状语的非谓语动词：Titanic left London for New York,_(sink)after hitting an iceberg,_(kill)over 1,500 people.only to sinkkilling3.He left school early,and as an adolescent,determined to make his fortune,set off for New Orleans.only to do:V-ing：He picked up a stone,_ it on his own foot.a.他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚他搬起石头
28、却砸了自己的脚only to dropc.他去了台湾，我们再也没有收到他的来信。他去了台湾，我们再也没有收到他的来信。He went to Taiwan,_.d.她长得太漂亮了，有很多追求者。她长得太漂亮了，有很多追求者。She is so beautiful _.never to be heard from again.作结果状语，表作结果状语，表出乎意料出乎意料作结果状语，表作结果状语，表顺理成章顺理成章b.他的父母死了他的父母死了,他成了孤儿他成了孤儿.His parents died,_.leaving him an orphannever to do;too to do;so as
29、to do 中不定式都作结果状语。中不定式都作结果状语。as to have a lot of chasers.1)The news shocked the public,_ to great concern about students safety at school.A.having led B.led C.leading D.to lead2)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A.sending B.
30、to send C.having sent D.to have sent3)He was busy writing a story,only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped4)_ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of treesA.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To seeAssignment:P24:Activities 2,3,4P25:5P79:1,2
