1、Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（现在分词动词（现在分词动词ing形式作状语、宾补）形式作状语、宾补）The ing form as the adverbial and object complement 1.Climbing mountains is dangerous.主语主语2.My broyher always loves playing basketball after school.宾语宾语3.His hobby is playing games.表表语语观察下面句子并分析画线部分在句中所作的成分观察下面句子并分析画线部分在句中所作的成分 5.Looking do
2、wn at her phone as she walked,she hit the door.定语定语4.The lady doing the live broadcast is called Qiao Biluo.正在做直播的这位女士名叫乔碧萝。正在做直播的这位女士名叫乔碧萝。状语状语6.The head teacher saw Li Ming playing with smart phone in the classroom.宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语Part OneThe ing form as the Attributive(动词动词ing用作状语用作状语)种类种类及物动词（
3、及物动词（do）不及物动词的不及物动词的主动语态（主动语态（go）主动语主动语态态被动语态被动语态现现在在分分词词一般式一般式完成式完成式现在分词的形式现在分词的形式 （以（以do 和和go 为例）为例）意义：意义：doingbeing donegoinghaving donehaving been donehaving gone1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词发生先于谓语动词
4、发生 V-ing 形式由形式由“doing”构成构成,其否其否定形式是定形式是“not doing”,V-ing 可以带宾可以带宾语或状语构成语或状语构成 V-ing 短语短语,没有人称和数没有人称和数的变化的变化,但但有时态和语态的变化有时态和语态的变化。V-ing 形式形式 现在分词现在分词作状语作状语让步让步 原因原因 条件条件 结果结果 时间时间伴随伴随方式方式V-ing 语法功能语法功能1.现在现在分词作原因状语分词作原因状语现在现在分词作原因状语时，可转换为由分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半引导的原因状语从句
5、，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。部分。Being ill，he couldnt go to school.As he was ill，he couldnt go to school.现在分词现在分词 作状语作状语 可以表示原因、时间、方式、伴随动作、结可以表示原因、时间、方式、伴随动作、结果、让步果、让步、条件等，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，条件等，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，二者之间是主动关系。二者之间是主动关系。2、作时间状语，相当于、作时间状语，相当于when,while,as等引导的等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首。有时可以在时间状语从句，常位于句首。有时可以在v-ing前前加一个表时间的连词
6、，如加一个表时间的连词，如when,while等。等。Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.=When they heard the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.=When hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.3、作方式状语，等于、作方式状语，等于and并列的两个谓语动词。并列的两个谓语动词。He came running all the way.=He came and were runni
7、ng all the way.4、作伴随状语，相当于、作伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列句。连接的并列句。He walked down the river,singing softly to himself.=He walked down the river and sang softly to himself.5、作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果、作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果,常放于常放于句末。句末。European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.=Europ
8、ean football is played in 80 countries.As a result,it becomes the most popular sport in the world.试比较：试比较：He hurried to the bus station,only to find that the bus had left.意料之外的结果意料之外的结果6、现在、现在分词作让步状语分词作让步状语现在现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个分词作让步状语时，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。Working or reading，she alwa
9、ys did her best.Whether she worked or read，she always did her best.7、作条件状语，相当于、作条件状语，相当于 if 等引导的条件状语从等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。其前可加句，常位于句首。其前可加if或或unless等连词。等连词。Driving too fast,you will damage the car.=If you drive too fast,you will damage the car.请仔细思考并小结：请仔细思考并小结：现在分词短语与状语从句是怎样转现在分词短语与状语从句是怎样转化的？化的？1.现在分词
10、短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以现在分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句与主句的主语相同时若状语从句与主句的主语相同时：1)去连词去连词 2)去主语去主语 3)动词变现在分词动词变现在分词即由：即由：连词连词+主语主语+V.,主语主语+V.V-ing,主语主语+V.e.g.If you turn to the right,youll find the school._ youll find the school.Turning to the right,现在分词短语与状语从句的转化现在分词短语与状语从句的
11、转化3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1)去连词去连词 2)前面的主语留下前面的主语留下 3)动词动词现在现在分词分词 e.g.As it were fine,I went fishing with my father._,I went fishing with my father.If time permits,I will visit my friend this weekend._,I will visit my friend this weekend.It being fine Time permitting Attention Please 1.现在分词的
12、时态。现在分词的时态。现在分词作状语时，要注意现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式还是用完成式(having done).1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式生时，用现在分词的一般式(doing).Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.(walk 和和meet同时发生同时发生)2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生，用现在分词的完成式作
13、后发生，用现在分词的完成式(having done).Having finished the letter,he went to post it.=After he had finished the letter,he went to.使用使用having done或或having been done的分的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：完成的时间状语，例如：before,already,for a long time,many times等，有时我们也等，有时我们也需要根据语境来判断两个动作发生的先后。需要根据语境来判断两个动作
14、发生的先后。1._ for a long time,he still couldnt see his girlfriend.A.Waiting B.Having waited C.Waited D.Having been waited2._a long way,Bob began to feel tired.A.Walking B.Having walked C.To walk D.walkedAttention Please 2.现在分词的语态。现在分词的语态。使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词与句子主语之间的关系。取决于现在分词与句子
15、主语之间的关系。句句子的主语就是现在分词的逻辑主语子的主语就是现在分词的逻辑主语。若是主。若是主动关系就用主动式动关系就用主动式(doing/having done),若是若是被动关系就用被动式被动关系就用被动式(being done/having been done)(针对现在分词充当状语而言）针对现在分词充当状语而言）.1)Having finished his homework,he went to bed.2)Having been taken to the Disneyland twice,they still love it very much.After he had finis
16、hed his homework,he went to bed.Although they had been taken to the Disney-land twice,they still love it very much.Attention Please 3.现在分词的独立主格结构。现在分词的独立主格结构。现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般要与现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般要与句子主语一致。但是句子主语一致。但是如果现在分词和句子的如果现在分词和句子的主语构不成主谓关系，我们就得给现在分词主语构不成主谓关系，我们就得给现在分词补上它自己的主语补上它自己的主语，这就是独立主格结构。，
17、这就是独立主格结构。它可以表示时间、条件、原因等。它可以表示时间、条件、原因等。1)The new year coming,we were happy.=As the new year was coming,we were happy.2)Time permitting,I will pay a visit to my uncle.=If time permits,I will pay a visit to my uncle.Attention Please 4.现在分词作评论性状语。现在分词作评论性状语。有些现在分词在句中有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为，它们往往作为
18、句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如，态度、观点等。例如，generally speaking 一般说来一般说来 judging from/by 从从判断判断 taking everything into consideration 考虑到各种因素考虑到各种因素 considering 考虑到考虑到 supposing 假如假如 talking/speaking of 提到提到 providing 如果如果 Seeing that既然既然1)Judging from his behavior,he must be mad.2
19、)Generally speaking,he will not be late for school.Attention Please 5.逻辑主语逻辑主语 现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意此时应注意人称一致人称一致。1)_(see)from the hill,we find the city very beautiful.2)_(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.SeeingSeen Practice makes perfect!请判断下列
20、从句是何种状语从句，并将它们改写请判断下列从句是何种状语从句，并将它们改写成现在分词作状语。成现在分词作状语。1.When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.2.Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.3.If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.5.The children came into the classr
21、oom,and they laughed and talked.原因原因时间时间 条件条件伴随伴随让步让步 1.When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.2.Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.Being ill,he couldnt go to school.3.If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.Working h
22、arder at English,you will make greater progress.原因原因时间时间 条件条件4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.Feeling very tired,they kept running.5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked.The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking.伴随伴随让步让步 请判断下列请判断下列v-ing 在句
23、中充当何种状语。在句中充当何种状语。1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.2)Being poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.3)Working hard,youll surely succeed.4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.5)He came running back to tell me the news.6)Hearing the news,he got frightened.7)
24、The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.8)Weather permitting,well go out tomorrow.原因原因伴随伴随 条件条件伴随伴随方式方式结果结果时间时间请把以上句子中的现在分词短语改写成状语从句。请把以上句子中的现在分词短语改写成状语从句。条件条件1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.Four people entered the room and looked around in a curio
25、us way.2)Being poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.As he was poor,he couldnt afford an iPhone.3)Working hard,youll surely succeed.If you work hard,youll surely succeed.4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.The boy sat in front of the farm-house and was cutting the branch.原因原因伴随伴随
26、条件条件伴随伴随5)He came running back to tell me the news.He came and ran back to tell me the news.6)Hearing the news,he got frightened.When he heard the news,he got frightened.7)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.The child slipped and fell.As a result,he hit his head against the
27、door.8)Weather permitting,well go out tomorrow.If weather permits,well go out tomorrow.方式方式结果结果时间时间条件条件3)While watching television,_.A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings4)Hesitating what to do,_.A.so lets not go outing B.the tour was can
28、celledC.but we should still take the tour D.we had to stay homeCD1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.Use your head,you will find a way.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.5.“Ca
29、nt you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.A big earthquake struck her hometown,made many people homeless.单句改错单句改错 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.Use your head,you will find a way.3.Seen from th
30、e top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.Not havingUsingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.A big earthquake struck
31、her hometown,made many people homeless.pointingKnockmaking1.Mary failed all her exam,_(make)both her parents very angry.2._(know)that she would feel more depressed if she stayed at home,she forced herself to go out.3.She was so angry that she threw the glass on the ground,_(break)it into pieces.4.Mu
32、ch new and high technology has been introduced from America,thus _(result)in great increase in production of the company.5.My sister,an inexperienced rider,was found sitting on the bicycle _(try)to balance it.单句语法填空单句语法填空6._(make)full preparations,we are ready for the examination.7.Alice returned fr
33、om the managers office,_(tell)me that the boss wanted to see me at once.8.While _(wait)for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.9.Her mother died in 1990,_(leave)her with her younger brother.10._(tell)the rules for many times,he still couldnt keep them in mind.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Mary failed all her exam
34、,_(make)both her parents very angry.2._(know)that she would feel more depressed if she stayed at home,she forced herself to go out.3.She was so angry that she threw the glass on the ground,_(break)it into pieces.4.Much new and high technology has been introduced from America,thus _(result)in great i
35、ncrease in production of the company.5.My sister,an inexperienced rider,was found sitting on the bicycle _(try)to balance it.单句语法填空单句语法填空makingKnowing breakingresultingtrying6._(make)full preparations,we are ready for the examination.7.Alice returned from the managers office,_(tell)me that the boss
36、wanted to see me at once.8.While _(wait)for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.9.Her mother died in 1990,_(leave)her with her younger brother.10._(tell)the rules for many times,he still couldnt keep them in mind.单句语法填空单句语法填空Having madetellingwaitingleavingHaving been toldPart TwoThe ing form as o
37、bject complement(动词动词ing用作宾补用作宾补)观察归纳：观察归纳：动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明表示一个表示一个_的动作的动作,强调一个过程或一种状强调一个过程或一种状态。态。正在进行的主动性正在进行的主动性 一、一、1)When we returned to the school,we found a stranger standing at the entrance.2)The boss kept the workers working the whole night.1.We
38、saw a light burning in the window.2.I felt someone patting me on the back.3.Can you smell anything burning?4.Listen to the birds singing.归纳：归纳：1.1.表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：_动词动词 如：如：_感官感官see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice等等二、能用现在分词作宾补的几类词：二、能用现在分词作宾补的几类词：归纳：归纳：2.2.表示表示“使使”“”“令令”“”“让让”等含有等含
39、有“致使致使”意义的动意义的动词，即：词，即：_动词如：动词如：_使役使役make,get,have,help,leave 1.I wont have you doing that.2.This set me thinking.3.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.4.I cant get the clock going again.1.With time going by,I show much interest in learning English.2.Mrs Deng entered the classroom,with a group of stud
40、ents following her.3.With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.归纳：归纳：3.用于用于_ 的复合结构中，的复合结构中，v-ing form对宾语起补充说明作用。对宾语起补充说明作用。with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补When I was on my way to school this morning,I saw two women _(sell)lanterns.The operator left hurriedly with the machine _(run).On the bank of the river,
41、we found him _(put)on a tent,with a dog _(lie)on the grass.Peter,a colleague of mine,was standing on the bridge and watching boats _(pass)by.sellingrunningputtinglyingpassingExercisesDont leave her _(wait)outside in the rain.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _(call)him.With the pianist _(perform)music on the stage,the atmosphere is quite romantic.When I came in,I saw Linda _(whisper)to Danny.The sound of the gun sent the birds _(fly)away.waitingcallingperformingwhisperingflying
