1、PPT模板下载： Syllable 复习方法复习方法 小作文小作文 段落扩展段落扩展 遣词造句遣词造句 谋篇布局谋篇布局 大纲解析大纲解析 命题预测命题预测大纲解析大纲解析大作文大作文提纲作文提纲作文 91-96情景作文情景作文 MBA联考 08，09图表作文图表作文 97，99，01大纲样题图画作文图画作文 98，00-10大作文大作文 英语一：90%图画作文，10%图表，情景，提纲作文 英语二：90%图画作文，10%图表，情景，提纲作文大作文大作文 第一段：提出问题 提纲作文或情景作文现状描述；图表作文图表描述 图画作文图画描述 第二段：分析问题 第三段：解决总结问题小作文小作文 书信类应
2、用文书信类应用文 私人公务信函 备忘录 报告 摘要摘要 告示告示 小作文小作文 英语一：60%摘要，30%书信类应用文，10%告示 英语二：70%书信类应用文，30%摘要考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 1、印象原则：106分 字迹：矮胖型，字母大小一样；涂改：不要超过10%；段落：按提纲写。考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 2，提纲原则：controlled writing 题眼 独立性写作 independent writing X 批判性思维 critical thinking X 中文构思+英语翻译考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 3，数量原则：A、段落（提纲）提纲数=段落数 B、句子
3、 小：68句 大：1215句 P1：34句 P2：57句 P3：4句 C、字数 小：100110词 10行 大：200220词语言语言结构结构内容内容作文基本元素作文基本元素考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 4，顺序原则：语言 结构 内容（思路）考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 5，思维转化原则：互译互译 e.g.：孝敬父母是我们的传统美德。It is our obligation to respect our aging parents。e.g.：取其精华精华，去其糟粕糟粕。去：丢弃，放弃（abandon，throw away）take the positive aspects，resist
4、 the negative consequence 原则：中英互译的必死，不要死扣中文。e.g.：籍贯我的家乡是；加我让我成为你的朋友（add as your friend）我绕来绕去也找不到教室我怎么也找不到教室 你对我很重要you are my water考研写作六大原则考研写作六大原则 6、语言变化原则考研得阅读者得天下,得写作写作者守天下!谋篇布局谋篇布局20052005：全家踢球：全家踢球 赡养老人赡养老人传统美德传统美德20062006：青年理发：青年理发追星现象反思追星现象反思2007:2007:临门一脚临门一脚 紧张紧张/胆怯胆怯-自信决定成败自信决定成败20082008：联手
5、跨步：联手跨步 团结就是力量团结就是力量团队合作团队合作20092009：人与网络：人与网络 拉近距离拉近距离造成障碍造成障碍20102010：文化火锅：文化火锅20022002年考研英语作文年考研英语作文 CET6 2009-12 参加各种艺术培训班 CET4 2009-6 博物馆 古今名人：毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因古今名人：毕昇、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦；斯坦；哲学概念：儒、佛、道、仁、礼；启蒙、哲学概念：儒、佛、道、仁、礼；启蒙、人本、后现代、解构；人本、后现代、解构；表演艺术：京剧、功夫、天鹅湖。表演艺术：京剧、功夫、天鹅湖。20102010：文化火锅：文化火锅 文章主题：文章主题：
6、文化文化+融合融合 文章基调：文章基调：正面，积极正面，积极考研大作文框架结构考研大作文框架结构3段12句160-250词5-7个关联词5-7个从句大作文四大要素大作文四大要素 1）描述：第一段，图画描述 2）象征寓意：首段尾句或二段首句 全文中心思想 3）分析：第二段，意义阐释 4）评论：第三段，建议措施 大作文四大要素大作文四大要素 第第1 1段：图画描述段：图画描述 3 3句句 1-(1)：总体描述图画 1句 人物/动物/事物+动作+环境or人物+服装+表情 General description：总体描述 1-(2)：图画细节描述 1句 Details 1,2,3：细节描述 1-(3)
7、：翻译图中文字 1句 Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意大作文四大要素大作文四大要素 第第2 2段：图画寓意阐释兼论证段：图画寓意阐释兼论证 5 5句句 2-(1)：主题句 1句 点出图画象征寓意 Symbolic meaning 2-(2)(3)(4)：论证段 3句 2-(5)：小结 1句呼应首句 大作文四大要素大作文四大要素 论证段的思路论证段的思路 【内容层面】A 谈背景 B 摆事实 C 驳观点（欲扬先抑）*D 讲原因 E 论后果（利弊）F“象-义”对应 大作文四大要素大作文四大要素【写作方法层面】A 因果论证:前因后果 B 分类论证：讲原因 C 定义法
8、 D 解释法 E 统计或事实 F 举例论证 G 比较和对比大作文四大要素大作文四大要素 第第3 3段：结论兼建议措施段段：结论兼建议措施段 4 4句句 3-(1)：结论句 1句 3-(2)(3)：建议措施 2句 3-(4)：结尾或展望未来 1句倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气 段落扩展段落扩展考研作文首段共性：考研作文首段共性：图画描述图画描述E.g.:林志玲当选林志玲当选“台湾第台湾第一美女一美女”。Lin Chi-ling was selected as“Taiwans Beauty”.林志玲，生于林志玲，生于19741974年，身高年，身高175cm175cm，是，是台湾的一位超级名模。台湾的一
9、位超级名模。20032003年，林志玲年，林志玲取代萧蔷当选取代萧蔷当选“台湾第一美女台湾第一美女”。Lin Chi-ling was born in 1974.Lin Chi-ling is 1.75 m.Lin Chi-ling is a supermodel in Taiwan.Lin Chi-ling was selected as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.Lin Chi-ling replaced Stephanie.已知已知Y 3X 4，X 2a 1.请用请用a表示表示Y的值。的值。解：解：Y 3(2a 1)4 6a 7Born in 1974 and wit
10、h a height of 1.75m,伴随状语伴随状语 介词短语介词短语Lin Chi-ling,a supermodel in Taiwan,同位语同位语was selectedto replace Stephanie 不定式不定式as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.时间状语时间状语首段四句结构首段四句结构引出句引出句非谓语动词非谓语动词同位语同位语定语从句定语从句非谓语非谓语 主相同，用非谓，去同主主相同，用非谓，去同主 观察观察bebe后后 有动词，则去有动词，则去bebe；无动词，则无动词，则beingbeing。主不同，用独立主格，去连词主不同，用独立主格，去连词
11、观察观察bebe后后 有动词，则去有动词，则去bebe；无动词，则无动词，则beingbeing。非谓语非谓语 主相同，用非谓，去同主 观察be后 有动词，则去be；无动词，则being。We were singing and talking.We went to the park.Singing and talking,we went to the park.非谓语非谓语 主相同，用非谓，去同主 观察be后 有动词，则去be；无动词，则being。We were all exhausted after a days work.We went to bed early today.(Being
12、)all exhausted after a days work,we went to bed early today.非谓语非谓语 主不同，用独立主格，去连词 观察be后 有动词，则去be；无动词，则being。We are looking out of the window of our hotel,and there are lots of mountains.Looking out of the window of our hotel,there are lots of mountains.非谓语非谓语 主不同，用独立主格，去连词 观察be后 有动词，则去be；无动词，则being。W
13、e are league members,and the work was well done.We being League members,the work was well done.定语从句定语从句 I like the song Poker Face very much.Poker Face is sung by Lady Gaga.Lady Gaga is a very famous singer.I like the song Poker Face,which is sung by Lady Gaga,who is a very famous singer,very much.名
14、词同，用定从。人用who/whom，物用which。20062006：青年理发：青年理发追星现象反思追星现象反思 The boy spends 300 Yuan on his new hairstyle.(2006)引出句：引出句：“万能开头句万能开头句”E.g.:（1）As is vividly depicted/demonstrated/illustrated/revealed in the picture,如图画生动所描述/说明/图示说明/展示，（2）According to the vivid description in the picture above,根据以上图画的生动描述，2
15、.2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：主要动作主要动作谓语动词谓语动词次要动作次要动作非谓语动词非谓语动词As is vividly depicted in the picture，引出句sitting in a barbershop and looking at the photo of Beckham,非谓语动词 非谓语动词the boy spends 300 Yuan on his new hairstyle.3.3.同位语同位语:补充说明人物或事件补充说明人物或事件As is vividly depicted in the picture，引出句sitting in a barbershop
16、and looking at the photo of Beckham,非谓语动词 非谓语动词a popular football star in Britain,a boy,a crazy football fan,同位语 同位语spends 300 Yuan on the hair style.4.4.定语从句：定语从句：补充说明细节补充说明细节E.g.:As is vividly depicted in the picture（引出句）,holding（次要动作）a piece of paper in her hand,a hen lays（主要动作）eggs which have eg
17、g whites,egg shells and yolks without any edges and angles as she promised.(1998)首段首段引出句引出句名词名词同位语，定语从句同位语，定语从句动词动词非谓语动词非谓语动词Our traditional culture is welcoming the foreign culture,and it makes our traditional culture more colorful.(2010)As China opens to the outside world,时间状语时间状语our traditional c
18、ulture is embracing the foreign culture,and it makes our traditional culture more colorful.As China opens to the outside world,时间状语时间状语our traditional culture is embracing the foreign culture,thus making our Chinese culture more colorful.非谓语动词非谓语动词As China opens to the outside world,时间状语时间状语our trad
19、itional culture is embracing the foreign culture,thus making our Chinese culture more 非谓语动词非谓语动词diversified,colorful and internationalized.形容词并列形容词并列As China opens to the outside world,时间状语时间状语our traditional culture is embracing the foreign culture,thus making our Chinese culture more 非谓语动词非谓语动词div
20、ersified,colorful and internationalized 形容词并列形容词并列just like a melting pot.定语定语图画描述段图画描述段单词扫盲单词扫盲 Adj：thought-provoking/profound（深刻的）/instructive（有教育意义的）/enlightening（有启发意义的）/impressive（印象深刻的）/exaggerative（夸张的）(SS)Adv：graphically/symbolically/explicitly（清晰地）/subtly图画描述段图画描述段如图所示如图所示的不同写法 The satirica
21、l sketch graphically portrays a scene in which+描述 It is graphically/symbolically/explicitly/vividly illustrated/demonstrated in the 图 that+描述 What makes the drawing striking/intriguing is the fact that+描述 The cartoon depicts a vivid scene in which=where+描述 The most striking feature of the drawing is
22、 that+描述图画描述段图画描述段字幕描写字幕描写的不同写法：（主动+被动）We are informed by the caption that The caption reads/indicates that图画描述段图画描述段 总结总结 Undoubtedly/Unquestionably/Incontrovertibly/Indispensably意义阐述段意义阐述段 1 1、由浅入深、由浅入深 Simple(and funny)as the 图 is/are,the connotation subtly conveyed should be taken into considera
23、tion with more insight(and penetration)/should involve more insightful analysis.The connotation behind the 图,which goes far beyond,should be analyzed more insightfully.意义阐述段意义阐述段 2 2、深层含义、深层含义 非常非常6+16+1 Inferred in this picture is virtually a potential and probable/prevalent and pervasive (PP)socia
24、l issue.The purpose of this picture is to inform/convince us that due attention should to be paid to the(PP)issue of The picture arouses deep concern over the issue of/that,which is prevalent in contemporary society.This sketch does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon
25、 in china now.The fact that indicates that.The unique metaphor in this enlightening drawing endows us with the conception/notion that Undoubtedly,the photos have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that is prevalent among the youth nowadays.意义阐述段意义阐述段 3 3、象征点、象征点（obsolete）E.g.:2003“温室温室的花朵花朵经不起风雨
26、风雨”温室：父母对子女 的溺爱和优越的物质生活条件的给予 花朵：中国的独生子女，年轻的一代人，成长中的青少年 风雨：现实生活中残酷的竞争和逆境对青少年的考验意义阐述段意义阐述段 4 4、原因、原因/背景背景+现状描述现状描述 万能理由：万能理由：On account of/owing to/because of/with the quickening pace of life,competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life，imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals.（原因/
27、背景）The past years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment.（现状描述）(2007)“原因如下原因如下”（过渡句）的表述：（过渡句）的表述：Several factors,both individual and social,could account for the negative phenomenon.The reason for the phenomenon may be complicated,but can we,to a large exte
28、nt,ascribe it to the following interrelated factors.意义阐述段意义阐述段现状现状0原因原因1原因：原因：for the reason that双原因：过渡句双原因：过渡句+原因原因1+原因原因2意义阐述段意义阐述段 1）With the speedy social and economic development（原因/背景），youngsters in mounting/growing/increasing numbers admire the celebrities and super stars.（2006）2）There is no
29、denying the fact that a great number of fans worship pop singers,film and sports stars for the reason that the handsome appearance and unique personality of them are undeniably fascinating,especially for the teenagers.(2006)意义阐述段意义阐述段 3）The past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that it is
30、 increasingly difficult for college graduates to find a suitable job,and two/several/various/a multitude of factors could account for the issue.On the one hand,.On the other hand.（2007）意义阐述段意义阐述段 5、后果、后果/影响：影响：好：influence 4 坏：consequence 6 好的：bring about a(n)far-reaching influence/impact on lay a so
31、lid foundation for play an irreplaceable role in serve as a catalyst for （促进）坏的：undermine（vt）adversely affect sound an alarm to something put an enormous pressure upon bring about a(n)adverse/unfavorable consequence on pose a potential and probable threat to/on意义阐述段意义阐述段 6、强行举例（举例论证）、强行举例（举例论证）It ca
32、n be best/aptly exemplified by the case of,who./by the following case.意义阐述段意义阐述段 7 7、层进（关键）、层进（关键）1）It is universally accepted/acknowledged that is a traditional virtue/positive phenomenon,which should be accepted,respected,appreciated and advocated.(ARAA)（好事）2）Yet,it is,to some extent/to a large ex
33、tent,ignored and neglected in current society.（坏事）It is undeniable that we must be best,which should be accepted,appreciated and advocated by all the businessmen.Regrettable/However,it is ruthlessly and relentlessly(RR)ignored in.意义阐述段意义阐述段 8 8、总结、总结 1)坏：威胁性总结 pose a potential and probable threat on
34、/to PPPT 2)好：反面论证 be accepted,respected,appreciated,and advocated ARAA or AAA意义阐述段意义阐述段1、浅义（由浅入深）5、影响：好4；坏62、深意（全段核心）（非常6+1）【论点】6、强行举例（2006）3、象征点（适合于抽象：2003）7、层进：好；坏 4、现状+原因 8、总结：（好；坏）【总结论点】意义阐述段意义阐述段深义（6+1任选）过渡句 Initially,（写现状）Additionally，（写原因）Finally，（写影响）总结 意义阐述段意义阐述段 三大杀手锏三大杀手锏 1，举实例 E.g.：In or
35、der to attract more customers,advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factors in making ads,such as sound,light,colors,cartoons films and human performance.For instance,to advertise a certain food,advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly deliciou
36、s food while they film him or her.意义阐述段意义阐述段 2,作比较 相似比较：likewise 相反比较：nevertheless意义阐述段意义阐述段 3，换言之 短语：put it more simply建议措施段建议措施段 4句话 1+2+1 总分总 1,主题句 1)Accordingly/As a consequence,on no account can we fail to attach great importance to the phenomenon reflected in the picture.2)Accordingly,it is im
37、perative for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawing./to take the effective and efficient(EE)measure.建议措施段建议措施段2，具体措施A.authorities;B.education;C.public;D.media E.self-effortE.g.：To begin with,relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who pl
38、agiarize others works.(法律)In addition,we should enlighten/education the awareness of the young that academic honesty is extremely vital to us.(教育)In short,it is high time we took effective measures to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the cartoon.建议措施段建议措施段 As a consequence,it is imperativ
39、e for us to take drastic actions.On the one hand.On the other hand,there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for measures against（公众）（for+好事/against+坏事）建议措施段建议措施段 To begin with,we each individual should start from right here and now,and attach great value =place considerable emphasi
40、s upon sth and importance to the urgency/priority of the issue.建议措施段建议措施段3,总结Onlyin this wayby doing sthif/when+句子句子can/will sb.+V建议措施段建议措施段 E.g.:Only in this way can we promote culture development positively and make our world harmonious,prosperous，vigorous.SSS 4,预测未来 （3，4有时候可以合并）扩展方向扩展方向#P,e,s,文,历
41、 个？，家educationimportanceproblemdevelopmentevaluationproblemTeachers positionExam-orientedCheating on testsdrop-outsPresent situationcomments:advantagesSolutionCause:high scores effectAll struggling for high scoresPoor performance in practiceQuality focused onScores not decisiveLife more colorfulMind
42、s more creative段落扩展段落扩展 押韵总结：PPPT:pose a potential and probable threat on/to ARAA:be accepted,respected,appreciated,and advocated EE:effectively and efficiently ecological and environmental educate and enlighten RR:ruthless and relentless restraint and restrictions rules and regulations MM:moral and
43、 morality means and methods段落扩展段落扩展 DD:dangerous and detrimental PP:potential and probable prevalent and pervasive peace and progress physical and psychological CC:complicated and complex SSS:harmonious,prosperous and vigorous.VV:impressive and exaggerative vigor and vitality 清晰地第一段清晰地第一段复杂的第二段复杂的第二
44、段猥琐的第三段猥琐的第三段遣词造句遣词造句遣词造句遣词造句 1、ACCURACY 准确性准确性 extensive(a wide range of)knowledge fierce competition 2、VARIETY 多样性多样性 1）我认为（1）I hold the opinion that,As far as I am concerned,（2）cling to the idea,in my opinion/view,point out,（3）maintain,reckon,assert,hold,claim,emphasize,insist,suppose,assume 遣词造句
45、遣词造句 2）关注（1）due attention has to be paid to,importance should be attached to,（2）be of great importance/significance（3）vital,essential,crucial,significant 3）为了（1）for the purpose of（2）aim to/at （3）in a bid to 遣词造句遣词造句 3、DIFFICULTY 挑战性挑战性 primary/fundamental factors/causes 4、SPLENDOR 精彩性精彩性 My eyes wer
46、e sparkling with delight.He flied into a stormy rage.I fell into the abyss of unspeakable pain.Such is human nature,that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 不要随意用的几个词不要随意用的几个词 good bad terrible somethingA
47、CCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 Sports are definitely good for mental health.Sports are definitely beneficial for mental health.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 Travelers can meet with people from other parts of the world and may develop a good relationship.Travelers are able to make friends with people all over th
48、e world.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 Some fake and shoddy goods are bad for peoples health.Fake goods can be dangerous/detrimental（DD）to ones health.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 Nowadays,the city has a lot of problems,terrible traffic,polluted air,too much noises,etc.Today,many cities suffer from traffic co
49、ngestion/jam and air and noise pollution.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 Leading a sedentary life is really terrible for our body health.A sedentary life style is detrimental/harmful to ones health.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 It means that people can master something perfect by practicing it.The meaning is th
50、at with constant practice,you can master what you set out to.ACCURACY ACCURACY 准确性准确性 When you want to study something more deeply,you need to select the books that may help you much.When you want to study a certain subject,you should select books on this subject.VARIETY VARIETY 多样性多样性All Each and e
