1、英 语Section Discovering Useful Structures词汇认知词汇认知汉译英汉译英1.capable adj.有能力的有能力的;有才能的有才能的 2.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除减轻或消除;(不快过后的不快过后的)宽慰、宽慰、轻松或解脱轻松或解脱 3.cure vt.治愈治愈;治好治好(疾病疾病);解决解决(问题问题)n.药物药物;治疗治疗;(解解决问题、改善糟糕情况的决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施措施 4.previous adj.先前的先前的;以往的以往的 5.romantic adj.浪漫的浪漫的n.浪漫的人浪漫的人 6.album n
2、.相册相册;集邮簿集邮簿;音乐专辑音乐专辑 7.impact n.巨大影响巨大影响;强大作用强大作用;冲击力冲击力 8.aim n.目的目的;目标目标vi.&vt.力求达到力求达到;力争做到力争做到;瞄准瞄准vt.目的是目的是;旨在旨在 9.absorbed in sth/sb 被被吸引住吸引住;专心致志专心致志 词汇拓展词汇拓展10.gradual adj.逐渐的逐渐的;渐进的渐进的gradually adv.逐步地逐步地;渐渐地渐渐地 11.unemployed adj.失业的失业的;待业的待业的employed adj.被雇被雇用的用的employ vt.使用使用;雇用雇用;使忙于使忙于
3、 employee n.雇员雇员 employer n.雇主雇主;老板老板 语法图解语法图解过去分词的用法过去分词的用法(2)探究发现探究发现阅读下列句子阅读下列句子,注意句中的画线部分注意句中的画线部分1.From his expression,I could tell that he was puzzled.2.Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.3.Moved by this music,he said,“It was lik
4、e seeing color for the first time.”4.Inspired,he asked his fans to make videos,which he then joined together into one performance.在第一个例句中在第一个例句中,过去分词过去分词puzzled在句中做在句中做表语表语;而在而在后面三个例句中均含有一个过去分词或过去分词短语后面三个例句中均含有一个过去分词或过去分词短语,它们它们在句中充当在句中充当状语状语,分别表示分别表示时间时间、原因原因、方方式式。词汇精讲词汇精讲1.【教材原文】【教材原文】Though he wa
5、s affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance,Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.(Page 54)尽管演出后不久亨利就逐渐失明尽管演出后不久亨利就逐渐失明,但他仍能作曲但他仍能作曲,并且他发并且他发现创作音乐是对他疾病的一种解脱和治疗。现创作音乐是对他疾病的一种解脱和治疗。考点考点一一capable adj.有能力的有能力
6、的;有才能有才能的的 be capable of sth/doing sth 有能力做某事有能力做某事(=be able to do sth);能胜任某事能胜任某事(=be fit for sth)capability n.能力能力;才能才能lose the capability to do sth/of doing sth 丧失做某事的能力丧失做某事的能力incapable adj.没有能力的没有能力的be incapable of sth/doing sth 没有能力做某事没有能力做某事(=be unable to do sth)语境领悟语境领悟(1)She is a very capab
7、le teacher.她是一位非常有能力的老师。她是一位非常有能力的老师。(2)He is quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.靠撒谎渡过难关他挺有一套。靠撒谎渡过难关他挺有一套。(3)Animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch/of catching food for themselves.动物园里的动物已经丧失了自己捕食的能力。动物园里的动物已经丧失了自己捕食的能力。(4)This old lady is incapable of looking after herself
8、now.这位老太太现在已经不能自理了。这位老太太现在已经不能自理了。考点考点二二relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除减轻或消除;(不快过后的不快过后的)宽宽慰、轻松或解脱慰、轻松或解脱in relief如释重负如释重负to ones relief 使某人欣慰的是使某人欣慰的是a relief of/from.的减轻的减轻/消除消除/缓和缓和It is a relief to.是一件让人欣慰是一件让人欣慰/轻松的事。轻松的事。relieve vt.减轻减轻;缓和缓和;缓解缓解relieve sb of sth 帮助某人减轻负担帮助某人减轻负担语境领悟语境领悟(1)When h
9、e heard he had passed the examination,he smiled in relief.当他听到他通过了考试的时候当他听到他通过了考试的时候,他如释重负地笑了。他如释重负地笑了。(2)To our great relief,the children all arrived home safely.孩子们都安全到家了孩子们都安全到家了,我们大大地松了口气我们大大地松了口气。(3)We should provide relief for refugees.我们应该为难民提供救济品。我们应该为难民提供救济品。(4)It was a great relief to find
10、 that my family were all safe.发现我的家人安然无恙发现我的家人安然无恙,我感到了极大的欣慰。我感到了极大的欣慰。考点考点三三cure vt.治愈治愈;治好治好(疾病疾病);解决解决(问题问题)n.药物药物;治疗治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施措施a cure for.针对针对的治疗的治疗(法法)cure sb/a disease治疗好某人治疗好某人/治疗疾病治疗疾病cure sb of.治愈某人的疾病治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等改掉某人的恶习等 cure与与treat在表示动词时在表示动词时,都可表示都可表示“治疗治疗”,但含但含
11、义有区别义有区别:cure通常强调结果通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病;treat则则通常强调动作通常强调动作,指对病人进行诊断和治疗指对病人进行诊断和治疗,不表示结果不表示结果,不含不含“治好治好”的意思的意思。语境领悟语境领悟(1)Mom says a glass of warm milk before going to bed can cure you of insomnia.妈妈说睡前一杯热牛奶能治疗失眠症。妈妈说睡前一杯热牛奶能治疗失眠症。(2)Nothing could cure her of her impatience with Anna.她就
12、是改不了对安娜的不耐烦态度。她就是改不了对安娜的不耐烦态度。(3)A cure for this disease is not yet to be found.迄今还没有发现有治愈此种疾病的办法。迄今还没有发现有治愈此种疾病的办法。(4)A few days rest will cure you.休息几天你的病就好了。休息几天你的病就好了。(5)The dentist is treating my teeth.牙医在给我看牙。牙医在给我看牙。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Im perfectly capable of doing it myself.Thank you all
13、the same.(2)Im afraid I cant help you out,for it is quite beyond my capability(capable).(3)What worries her is that her son seems to be totally incapable(capable)of working by himself.(4)News of their safety came as a great relief to all of us.(5)Dont worry.Let me relieve you of/from some of your ba
14、gs.(6)To my relief,the stranger I met spoke very fluent English.(7)Doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them.(8)The cats proved to be a good cure for our mouse problem.完成句子完成句子(9)医生最后治好了她的感冒。医生最后治好了她的感冒。The doctors finally cured her of cold.(10
15、)哪个医生在给你看病哪个医生在给你看病?Which doctor is treating you for your illness?2.【教材原文】【教材原文】When he got absorbed in his world of music,he felt as if he could“see”the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life.(Page 54)当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时当他沉浸在音乐的世界里时,他觉得自己仿佛能他觉得自己仿佛能“看到看到”周围周围世界的美世界的美,就像他的前世一样。就像他的
16、前世一样。考点考点一一absorb vt.吸收吸收;吸引吸引;承受承受;理解理解absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意吸引某人的注意absorb oneself in doing.全神贯注全神贯注absorbed adj.全神贯注的全神贯注的be/get absorbed in(doing)sth/sb 被被吸引住吸引住;专心致志专心致志absorption n.吸收吸收;并入并入;着迷着迷语境领悟语境领悟(1)The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organisa
17、tion.这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。(2)I was so absorbed in this book that I didnt hear you come in.我看这本书太入神了我看这本书太入神了,连你进来也没听见。连你进来也没听见。(3)Absorbed in his work,Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心于工作汤姆专心于工作,几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。考点考点二二previous adj.以前的以前的;以往的以往的previous to 在在之前之前previously adv.之
18、前之前;以前以前语境领悟语境领悟(1)No previous experience is necessary for this job.这一工作无需相关经验。这一工作无需相关经验。(2)Previous to this,shed always been well.在这之前在这之前,她身体一直很好。她身体一直很好。(3)I had visited them three days previously.我之前曾经探访过他们三天。我之前曾经探访过他们三天。学以致用学以致用句型转换句型转换(1)When we came in,the old man absorbed himself in readin
19、g a book.When we came in,the old man was absorbed in reading a book.(2)Because he was absorbed in his book,he didnt notice it was late in the night.Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice it was late in the night.单句语法填空单句语法填空(3)The building had previously(previous)been used as a hotel.(4)What other job
20、s had you done previous to the present one?3.【教材原文】【教材原文】(fill with)team spirit,they act as a whole,always aiming for glory.(Page 54)(充满充满)团队精神团队精神,他们行动一致他们行动一致,始终追求荣誉始终追求荣誉。考点考点aim n.目的目的;目标目标vi.&vt.力求达到力求达到;力争做到力争做到;瞄准瞄准vt.目的是目的是;旨在旨在take aim at瞄准瞄准achieve ones aim 达到目的达到目的with the aim of伴随着伴随着的目的
21、的目的aim at/for.努力取得努力取得;瞄准瞄准am at doing=aim to do力求达到力求达到;力争做到力争做到be aimed at(doing).=be aimed to do.目的是目的是语境领悟语境领悟(1)He took aim at the bird,fired and missed it.他瞄准那只鸟开火他瞄准那只鸟开火,却未打中。却未打中。(2)She went to London with the aim of finding a job.她去伦敦是为了找一份工作。她去伦敦是为了找一份工作。(3)I drove fast,aiming at catching
22、 the last train.我开车很快我开车很快,目的是赶上最后一班火车。目的是赶上最后一班火车。(4)I aim to be a doctor when I leave school.我打算毕业后当一名医生。我打算毕业后当一名医生。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Our factory must aim at increasing(increase)production.(2)Tom is aiming for/at a scholarship of his college.(3)The book is aimed(aim)at very young children un
23、der six.句型转换句型转换(4)This measure aims at reducing traffic accident.This measure is takenwith the aim of reducing traffic accident.语法精析语法精析过去分词的用法过去分词的用法(2)一、过去分词做表语一、过去分词做表语1.过去分词做表语的含义过去分词做表语的含义过去分词做表语过去分词做表语,通常表示主语所处的状态通常表示主语所处的状态,且做表语的过且做表语的过去分词多来自及物动词。在主系表结构中去分词多来自及物动词。在主系表结构中,系动词除了系动词除了be动动词外词外,
24、还有还有seem,look,go,become,remain,stay等。等。Im pleased with the result of the exam.我对试验结果很满意。我对试验结果很满意。He seemed(to be)interested in English.他好像对英语感兴趣。他好像对英语感兴趣。但也应注意但也应注意,少数不及物动词少数不及物动词(如如go,come,set等等)的过去分词的过去分词也可做表语也可做表语,这时其过去分词并不表示这时其过去分词并不表示“被动被动”,而表示而表示“完成完成”。His mother is gone.他妈妈不在了。他妈妈不在了。2.动词动词
25、-ing形式与过去分词做表语的区别形式与过去分词做表语的区别动词动词-ing形式与过去分词所表示的意思不同形式与过去分词所表示的意思不同,前者表示前者表示“令令人人的的”,后者则表示后者则表示“感到感到的的”。这类常见的动词有。这类常见的动词有surprise,astonish,amaze,move,worry,interest,inspire,encourage等。等。We are all excited at the exciting news.听到这个令人激动的消息听到这个令人激动的消息,我们都很激动。我们都很激动。3.过去分词做表语与动词的被动语态的区别过去分词做表语与动词的被动语态的
26、区别过去分词做表语时过去分词做表语时,强调主语所处的状态强调主语所处的状态;动词的被动语态动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态强调杯子的状态)The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作强调动作)二、过去分词做状语二、过去分词做状语1.过去分词做状语的功能过去分词做状语的功能过去分词做状语过去分词做状语,修饰谓语动词修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词动作进一步说明谓语动词动作发生时的背景或状况发生时的背景或状况,可以表示时间、原
27、因、条件、结果、可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式等。过去分词前面可以带伴随、方式等。过去分词前面可以带when,while,if,unless,though等。等。Greatly inspired by the teachers words,I have made up my mind to study English even harder.在老师的鼓励下在老师的鼓励下,我决心更加努力地学习英语。我决心更加努力地学习英语。If heated,ice can be changed into water.冰加热时变成水。冰加热时变成水。2.过去分词做状语的位置过去分词做状语的位置过去分
28、词短语做条件、原因及时间状语时过去分词短语做条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首通常放在句首;做伴随、结果状语时做伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末通常放在句末;做方式状语时做方式状语时,一般放在一般放在句末句末,有时也放在句首有时也放在句首;做让步状语时做让步状语时,一般放在句首一般放在句首,有时也有时也放在句末。放在句末。Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果在肥沃的土壤里如果在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。这些种子能长得很快。(过去分词表过去分词表示条件示条件)The trainer appeared,followed by six
29、 little dogs.训练员出现训练员出现了了,后面跟着六条小狗。后面跟着六条小狗。(过去分词表示伴随过去分词表示伴随)Although built thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful.尽管这座房子是尽管这座房子是30年前建造的年前建造的,它看起来依然很漂它看起来依然很漂亮。亮。(过去分词表示让步过去分词表示让步)3.过去分词或过去分词短语和状语从句的变换过去分词或过去分词短语和状语从句的变换过去分词或过去分词短语在句中做状语过去分词或过去分词短语在句中做状语,可以表示时间、原可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随或让步等。过去分词
30、短语做状语时因、条件、方式、伴随或让步等。过去分词短语做状语时,可以根据意义需要可以根据意义需要,在分词前添加在分词前添加once,when,while,if,even if,though 等适当的词组和主语等适当的词组和主语,并加并加be动词的适当形式动词的适当形式,从而从而转换成相应意义的状语从句。转换成相应意义的状语从句。(1)做时间状语做时间状语:过去分词做时间状语过去分词做时间状语,相当于一个时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等等,使其使其时间意义更明确。时间意义更明确。Seen from the t
31、op of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.=When it is seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.从山顶上看从山顶上看,这座城市显得更漂亮。这座城市显得更漂亮。(2)做原因状语做原因状语:过去分词做原因状语过去分词做原因状语,相当于一个原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。从句。Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.=Because it was written in a hurry,this article
32、 was not so good.因为写得匆忙因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。这篇文章不是很好。(3)做条件状语做条件状语:可用在连词可用在连词if,unless 之后之后,相当于一个条件相当于一个条件状语从句。状语从句。Given more time,we could do it much better.=If we were given more time,we could do it much better.多给我们点时间多给我们点时间,我们会做得更好。我们会做得更好。(4)做方式或伴随状语做方式或伴随状语:此时相当于一个由此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结连接的并列结构。构。The t
33、eacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of his students.=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室老师走进教室,后面跟着他的一群学生。后面跟着他的一群学生。(5)做让步状语做让步状语:有时可用在有时可用在although,though,even if/though,whether.or.等连词之后等连词之后,相当于让步状语从句。相当于让步状语从句。Though warned of the
34、storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.=Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴,但他们仍然在地里干活。但他们仍然在地里干活。4.过去分词与动词过去分词与动词-ing形式做状语的区别形式做状语的区别(1)过去分词表示被动或完成的动作过去分词表示被动或完成的动作,动词动词-ing形式表示主动形式表示主动或进行的动作。或进行的动作。Seen from a
35、 distance,the mountain looks like an elephant.从远处看从远处看,这座山看起来像一头大象。这座山看起来像一头大象。Attracted by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.被自然的美景所吸引被自然的美景所吸引,这个从伦敦来的女孩决定再在农场上这个从伦敦来的女孩决定再在农场上待两天。待两天。(2)动词动词-ing形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分过去分词表示完成的被动动
36、作。词表示完成的被动动作。Being helped by Professor Wu,Sara will learn Chinese well.在吴教授的帮助下在吴教授的帮助下,萨拉将会学好汉语。萨拉将会学好汉语。Helped by Professor Wu,Sara has learnt Chinese well.在吴教授的帮助下在吴教授的帮助下,萨拉的汉语已学得很好了。萨拉的汉语已学得很好了。(3)动词动词-ing形式的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动形式的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作作,过去分词所表示的动作有时发生在谓语动词前过去分词所表示的动作有时发生在谓语动词前,有时与谓有时
37、与谓语动词同时发生语动词同时发生,有时表示未来的动作或状态。有时表示未来的动作或状态。Having been given the right answer,the teacher asked me to sit down.准确地回答了老师的问题准确地回答了老师的问题,老师让我坐下。老师让我坐下。Given more time,we will finish the work in time.如果多给点时间如果多给点时间,我们就能及时完成这项任务。我们就能及时完成这项任务。5.过去分词做状语和独立主格结构过去分词做状语和独立主格结构过去分词做状语时过去分词做状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语其逻
38、辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且与且与主语之间是动宾关系主语之间是动宾关系,即被动关系。如果句中过去分词的逻即被动关系。如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语辑主语不是句子的主语,这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。构成独立主格结构。Seen in the dark night,lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.夜里看时夜里看时,高楼楼顶的灯像是天空中的星高楼楼顶的灯像是天空中的星星。星。(seen表示被动表示被动,其逻辑主语就是其逻辑主语就是light
39、s,分词的动作与谓语分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生动词的动作同时发生)Everything taken into consideration,the party was a success.将所有的事情考虑在内将所有的事情考虑在内,晚会算是成功的。晚会算是成功的。(taken的逻辑主语的逻辑主语不是不是the party,所以添加所以添加everything)6.“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”结构做状语结构做状语过去分词做状语时过去分词做状语时,可在分词之前加某些连词可在分词之前加某些连词,以表示强调。以表示强调。常用的有常用的有if,unless,when,once,until,thou
40、gh/although,even if/even though,as,as if等。等。此结构实际是状语从句的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与此结构实际是状语从句的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致主句的主语一致,且状语从句的谓语动词是被动式时且状语从句的谓语动词是被动式时,可省略可省略从句的主语和从句的主语和be动词。动词。Water can be changed into vapour when(it is)heated.水受热时可以变成蒸汽。水受热时可以变成蒸汽。There is no point arguing about it,just do as(you are)told.争论
41、这件事没有意义争论这件事没有意义,照吩咐去做就行了。照吩咐去做就行了。即学即练即学即练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The boy sat at his desk,his right hand raised(raise).(2)Praised(praise)by his teacher,Tom worked even harder.(3)I was too tired(tire)to walk any farther.(4)Faced(face)with this situation,they felt both joy and fear.句型转换句型转换(5)As he was surrou
42、nded by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.Surrounded bya group of young people,the old man felt happy.(6)When he was asked what had happened,he lowered his head.Askedwhat had happened,he lowered his head.(7)Bob sat on his chair and he was completely absorbed in a magazine.Bob sat on his chair,completely absorbed in a magazine.
