1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersReading and ThinkingLanguage Points课前准备：课本，学案。积累本，双色笔Live to tell:Raising Awareness,Reducing Mortality.United Nations international strategyFor Disaster Reduction(2016)1.What are the _（救援）workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area?2.Which buildings were _（损坏）in Seoul？3.
2、Nearly everything in the city was _（毁灭）.4.Almost 88,000 people have been _（撤离）from the area.5.No _（死者）,no injuries.|deaths/fatality/mortality/casualty6.82 were killed,and 500,000 were _（影响）.7._（避难所）were set up by the government.8.Everywhere _（幸存者）looked,there was nothing but_（废墟）.9.About 75 _（百分）of
3、the citys factories and buildings,90 percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.10._（砖块）covered the ground like red autumn leaves.11.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of _（金属）.12.Water,food,and _（电）were hard to get.13.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tang
4、shan to dig out those who were _（困住）and to _（埋葬）the dead.14.Slowly,the city began to _（呼吸）again.15.Tangshan began to _（恢复）itself and get up on its feet again.rescuedamagedevacuateddestroyeddeathsaffectedShelterssurvivorsruinspercent Bricks metal electricity trapped bury breathe revive 1.The long cru
5、el winter_ _ _ _(结束)at last and a gentle warm spring was coming.2.They _ _(遭受)health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation(辐射).3.On the vast fields,one sees_ _(只有)the wheat billowing in the wind.4.After the heavy flood two months ago,the whole village was left _ _(严重破坏).5.The treasure
6、 which was_ _(挖出)of the earth was a box of gold coins.6.Soon a strong wind passed through and_ _(吹走)the clouds in the sky.7.If you dont know how to pronounce the word,youd better_ _ _(查阅它)in the dictionary.8._ _ _(.的数目)companies which offer college graduates jobs has increased.9._ _ _ _(成千上万的)people
7、 attended the opening ceremony in the workers stadium.10.He was still_ _(震惊)from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.blew away look it upThe number ofTens of thousands ofin shockcame to an endsuffer from nothing but in ruins dug outRack your brain and list some disasters?earthquake tornado wi
8、ldfire drought landslideavalanche tsunami floodfaminetyphoon volcanic eruption“灾难”DisasterMid-air collisionHead-on collisionRear-end collisionPile-uptragedyCatastrophein the end最后，终于make ends meet使收支相抵by the end of到.末为止(常与完成时连用)put/bring an end to=put/bring to an end使结束、终止1.as usual照旧，照例，像往常一样（=usua
9、lly）教材P50 But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.用法详解：在句中相当于副词，可放在句首、句中或句末。归纳拓展：练习 _usual,I helped him carry his bags into his e to an end结束，终止教材 P50 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!The hot days come to an end at last.When the journey came to an end,everybod
10、y felt tired and hungry.归纳拓展：含有end的其他常用短语By the end of the holiday I had spent all my money.练习_(到为止)1980 the bridge had been completed.AsBy the end ofthan usual比往常3.deadly dedli =fatal教材P50 Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a q
11、uake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.(1)adj.致命的，致死的，极度的，彻底的We sat in deadly silence.我们默不作声地坐着。(2)adv.死一般地；极其；非常My mothers face turned deadly pale after she heard the bad news.归纳拓展：（1）die v.死；消失，死亡（不能与表示时间段的状语连用）（2）death n.死，死亡（3）dead adj.死的；失去生命的（可与表示时间段的状语连用）the dea
12、d n.pl.死者（4）dying adj.垂死的；临终的练习The man said he did not want war but if attacked he would fight to the _(die).death4.ruin run教材P50 In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.不到一分钟，一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。(1)n.C 废墟;U毁坏，破坏;破产(2)vt.破坏，糟蹋;毁灭，使破产That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.lie/be in
13、ruins严重受损;破败不堪fall into ruin毁灭;衰落bring.to ruin使毁灭/破产辨析 destroy,damage,ruin练习 1)Our journey _(ruin)by the bad weather yesterday.2)A large number of churches fell _ruin after the war.3)She poured water all over my painting and _it.她把水全倒在了我的画上,把画毁了。Was ruinedintoruined易混词区别例句destroy指彻底毁坏，使其不复存在、不能或很难再使
14、用或修复The earthquake almost destroyed all the bridges in this area.damage可以用于某物或某人的身体，表示使之失去价值或功能；也可用于感情、信心等，表示产生不良影响The most important trees were tagged to protect them from being damaged by construction machineryruin表示“毁坏，破坏”，使某物丧失功能，价值。更强调破坏的彻底性。还可指破坏美好的事物。The rain ruined my holiday.5.shock k教材P50
15、People were in shock-and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们都震惊了，下午晚些时候，又一次大地震袭击了唐山。(1)n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克The bad news was a shock to the whole family.(2)vt.使震惊，使惊愕We were shocked at their terrible living conditions.归纳拓展(1)shocked adj.(感到)震惊的(2)shocking adj令人震惊的;令人气愤的练习Peo
16、ple were_ to see that the UFO was flying over the city.The_ news _ all the people in the city,which was also a great_ to people all over the country.shockedbe a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击/一件震惊的事be in(a state of)shock惊魂未定；处于休克状态It shocks sb.to see/hear看到/听到使某人震惊be shocked at/by对感到震惊;被.震惊be shocked to do/
17、that sth.对感到震惊shockingshockedshock6.fall down教材P50 Even more buildings fell down.甚至更多的建筑物倒塌了。(1)(人)摔倒，跌倒;(构造物)倒塌Hardly had the wounded been rescued out of the building when it fell down.(2)不能令人满意,不够好Services was outstandingly friendly and efficient,falling down on only one thing.归纳拓展：If you dont try
18、 your best to learn all the subjects,you will fall behind.The death rate of newborns has fallen off greatly with the advance of medicine.练习1)My dads hair began to _（掉落）when he was only 30.2)If the blocks（积木）are placed off-centre,they will _（倒塌）.fall behind落后；落在后面fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃fall in love with喜欢
19、上;爱上fall off数量减少;质量下降fall back后退；退却fall out脱落；掉落；闹翻fall outfall down/collapse7.trap-trapped-trapped trp教材P50Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久部队派出15万名战士奔赴唐山将受困的人挖出,并掩埋死者。(1)vt.使陷入困境;卡住,夹住;使陷入圈套;设陷阱捕捉I was trap
20、ped in the elevator during the blackout.(2)n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱;圈套;(难以逃脱的)困境练习：1)They trapped the little girl _ telling them where the gift was hidden.2)Once you fall into a_,it will not be easy to get out of it.intobe trapped in被困在.中;陷入中trap sb.into(doing)sth.诱骗某人(做)某事set/lay a trap设下陷阱/圈套fall into a trap掉进
21、陷阱;落入圈套trap 8.bury-buried-buried beri 教材P50Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久,部队派出15万名战士奔赴唐山将受困的人挖出,并掩埋死者。(1)vt.埋葬;埋藏;覆盖;遮盖;掩藏(感情、错误等)She had learnt to bury her feeling.她已经学会了感情不外露。He buried his face in his ha
22、nds and cried.他双手掩面哭了起来。(2)vt.使陷入Before he college entrance examination,Tom was buried in studying/his studies.练习：Because _（她埋头画画），she didnt know it was raining outside.buried herself in drawing/she was buried herself in drawingbury ones head face in ones hands双手抱头be buried in(doing)sth.专心致志于(做)某事bu
23、ry oneself in(doing)sth.9.breathe bri教材P50 Slowly,the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。(1)vt.&vi.呼吸 vt.呼出Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。(2)v.低声说 “Im over here,”she breathed(3)vi.透气Cotton clothing allows your skin to breathe.归纳拓展:(1)breath n.U 呼吸的空气;C 一次
24、吸入的空气(2)breathless(令人)气嘴吁吁的；目瞪口呆的练习：He arrived _(breath)at the top of the stairs.breathlessbreathe()in/out吸气/呼气10.revive rvav教材：P50 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.唐山开始复苏并又重新振作起来。(1)vi&vt.(使)苏醒,复活；(使)恢复,(使)再次流行The economy is beginning to revive.经济开始复苏。(2)vt.重新使用;重新上演Jac
25、k has been trying to revive the debate over equal pay.归纳拓展：revival n.振兴,复苏;复兴,再流行;(戏剧的)重演练习：This 1930s musical is being_ at the National Theatre.这部20世纪30年代的音乐剧正在国家剧院重新上演。revived 11.effort eft 教材P50 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan wa
26、s built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力帮助和唐山市民的不懈努力之下，一座崭新的唐山市在地震的废墟之上建立起来了。(1)n.U,C 气力;努力;费力的事 With(an)effort she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。You should put more effort into your wonk.(2)n.C艰难的尝试;试图;尽力The company has laid of 150 workers in an effort to save money.练习The local clubs
27、are making every_ to interest more young people.effortwith(an)effort努力地，费力地put effort into对付出努力make an effort做出努力make every effort to do sth.尽一切努力做某事in an effort to do sth.尽力/试图做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事12.suffer sf(r)教材P51 Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible in
28、jure.一些人被发现还活着，尽管他们身受重伤。句式分析：本句中的“Some were found alive”为find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动形式，形容词alive 由宾语补足语变为主语补足语；though 引导让步状语从句。(1)vi.(因疾病痛苦悲伤等)受苦,受难，受折磨I am suffering from a bad cold.我正患重感冒。(2)vt.遭受，蒙受，经历(后常跟抽象名词，如pain,defeat,loss,damage,poverty,punishment等)Many countries suffered huge losses in the financia
29、l crisis.归纳拓展:sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者suffering n.U 痛苦，折磨，苦难；pl.痛苦，苦恼练习:The old woman_ enough.She_ cold and hunger when she was young.Nor her sons death brought her more _.那位老太太受的苦够多了。她年轻时遭受过寒冷和饥饿之苦。现在，她儿子的去世给她带来了更多的痛苦。has sufferedsuffer from患病；受之苦（不能用于被动语态)has suffered fromsufferings1.分数的表达及用法 教材P50
30、Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.三分之二的居民非死印伤。句式分析：本句是一个复合句,句中who lived there是定语从句,修饰先行词the people,who在从句中做主语。(1)英语中分数的表达规则是：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如:练习:About one third of the books _ worth reading.这些书中大约有三分之一值得一读。area half/one half二分之一a fourth/one fourth
31、/a quarter/one quarter四分之一two thirds三分之二2.as if 引导的表语从句 教材 P50 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！as if 意为“仿佛，好像”，相当于 as though。as if 可置于look,seem,feel 等连系动词后引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。（1）as if 引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示从句所述的情况不是真实的或极少有可能发生或存再。具体用法如下:She talks as if she knew all about it.Tom kep
32、t working as if nothing had happened.(2)as if引导的从句所述的情况为客观事实或极有可能发生，则用陈述语气。It looks as if we will be late.我们似乎要迟到了。(3)as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，其结构为:as if+名词/不定式/分词/介词短语等。He acts as if(he were)a fool.他做事像个傻瓜。Mike looked as if(he was)in search of something.迈克看起来好像在寻找什么东西似的。练习:1)He talks as if he _(know)ever
33、ything in the world.2)The clouds are gathering.It looks as if it _(be)going to rain.knew as if+从句一般过去时(与现在事实不符)过去完成时(与过去事实不符)would/could/might+动词原形(与将来事实不符)is3.不定式用主动形式表示被动意义教材P50 Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.没有水和食物，电也停了。句式分析:主语(water,food,and electricity)是不定式(to get)的逻辑宾语,因此不定式后不能 出现
34、宾语。（1）如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则其后要接相应的介词。This kind of paper is not hard enough to write on.（2常用的形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,interesting,pleasant,comfortable,impossible,safe,fit,dangerous等 The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。（3）变式：It+be+adj.+不定式（含宾语）The man is easy to get along with.It is easy to get al
35、ong with the man.练习：The question is difficult for such a little boy _(answer).to answer1._ _(救援人员)fought to get to victims inside the inferno.2.More than seven million people have been _(影响)by drought.3.The fire is threatening about sixty homes,and residents have _(撤离)the area.4.He said army officer
36、s had threatened to _（破坏、消灭）the town 5.We can encourage each other to try to walk out of predicament,can also choose to _ _ _（毁灭希望）let destruction.6.An_(evacuate)of the citys four-million citizens is planned for later this week.7.It needed a massive bailout _ _（救助，营救）the Swiss government just to kee
37、p going both beginners and advanced students.8.Parents worry about the _(影响)of music on their adolescents behavior.9.In the second part of the study,participants were queried about whether to_ _（从撤离）a hurricane.10.The moment they arrived there,they began to _ _ the tent.11.Hundreds of miners are still in the water,waiting to_(被营救)Rescue workersaffectedevacuateddestroydestroy others hopeevacuationrescue fromeffectevacuate fromput/set up be rescued
