1、高考英语专题讲座：完形填空常见解题失误及对策主讲：田述春民勤一中 2006.5 导言 纵观近年来高考考生完形填空题的解题情况，失误较其它大题明显为多，得分普遍较低。在多数考生的眼里，完形填空题是高考英语试卷中的一块“硬骨头”，令人头疼但又无可奈何。那么怎样才能提高完形填空题的解题能力呢？除夯实基础知识、总结解题技巧、加强题型训练之外，明确完形填空常见的解题失误及其对策也是很有必要的。下面结合近几年的高考试题，就考生在解完形填空题时常犯的错误进行归纳总结，并提出相应的对策，希望对同学们做好完形填空题有所帮助。失误之一：由于只拘泥于个别段落、句子或短语，忽视了上下文的联系而造成的误选。完形填空题所
2、提供的是一篇具有完整的语言信息的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有着不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。解题时若只拘泥于个别的句子、段落或短语，而不结合整篇文章所提供的语境，不善于从上下文中寻找线索，则很容易将答案选错。如NMET2002完形填空题第三段：Well,then,suppose my auto-repair man 41 questions for some intelligence tests By every one of them Id prove myself a 42 In a world where I have to work with my 43，Id do poo
3、rly 41 A.answered B.practiced C.designed Dtried 42Ateacher Bdoctor Cwinner Dfool 43Abrains Beffort Chands Dattention 对策：1在选择答案之前一定要先把短文快速阅读一遍，从整体上理解其大意；2选择答案时不要只注意选项所在的短语、句子或段落，要注意与上下文的联系，要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。失误之二：由于思维混乱、判断错误而造成的误选。完形填空题文章较短，挖空密度较大。因而失去的语言信息较多，经常造成理解上的障碍，加之一些错误选项的干扰，很容易造成思维混乱和判断错误，从而引起
4、一系列的误选。如NMET2001完形填空题中的第三段：Over the years，the story of the Yetis has 41 In 1951，Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of EverestShipton believed that they were not 42 the tracks of a monkey or bear and 43 that the Abominable Snowman might really 44 41Adeveloped Bchanged Coccur
5、red D.continued 42Aentirely Bnaturally Cclearly Dsimply 43Afound Bdeclared Cfelt Ddoubted 44Aexist Bescape Cdisappear Dreturn 对策：1要设法理清短文的结构层次和文脉，体会作者是以怎样的思路去叙述一个事件或说明某个道理的，力争在头脑中形成一幅有关短文信息的“图式”，“图式”越完整、清晰，越能避免思维混乱。2要特别注意那些体现作者态度的语气词和表明行文逻辑变化的连词，并据此对作者的思路进行大胆预测，然后在理解全文的基础上进行小心验证，看是否有前后矛盾、文意不通等情况，以避免
6、判断失误。追寻主线，自动完形失误之三：由于句子结构分析错误而造成的误选。正确分析句子结构是确切理解句意的有效手段，也是做完形填空题须具备的一种基本能力。完形填空题中对于连词的考查往往涉及到对短文的篇章结构的把握和句子结构的分析。如NMET1998完形填空题中的这样一句：He 36 lost his job as a postman 37 he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to peoples houses 36Athus Beven Conce Donly 37Aeven if Bso that Cbecaus
7、e Dthough 对策：1在平时学习中注意加强基本句型结构的分析和训练；2在完形填空的解题过程中要注意把握文章的行文逻辑、确切理解句意，并在此基础上选用合适的连接词。失误之四：由于语法、词汇知识欠缺或掌握不牢而造成的误选。对语法、词汇基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。考生若对一些基础的语法、词汇知识欠缺或掌握不牢也容易造成误选。如NMET2002完形填空中的这样一句：Ive been 53 that on my customers today，but I knew 53Atrying Bproving Cpracticing Dexamining 又如NMET2001完形填空中的这样
8、一句：These days，only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman 52 52Alightly Bjokingly Cseriously Dproperly对策：1在平时的学习中，特别是在第一轮复习中，要强化英语基础知识的理解和记忆，牢固掌握其用法，并在此基础上尽量扩大知识面。2注意训练在具体的语境中灵活运用基础知识的能力。失误之五：由于缺少必要的生活常识或文化背景知识而造成的误选。如NMET2002完形填空第一段：Whats intelligence（智力）anyway？When I was
9、 in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took，and，against 37 of 100，scored 160 37Aan average Ba total Can exam Da number又如NMET1999完形填空第一段：People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bellsFour students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell towe
10、r of the 26 and have made up their minds to ring（原题第27空）the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest（抗议）against heavy trucks which run day and night（原题第28空）through the narrow High Street.26Acollege Bvillage Ctown Dchurch 对策：1平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合；2有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试很有帮助。失误之六：由于受汉语思维的影响而
11、造成的误选。举NM ET1999完形填空中的一个例子：“They not only make it difficult to sleep at night，but they are 30 damage to our houses and shops of historical interests，”said John Norris，one of the protesters 30Adoing Braising Cputting Dproducing对策：1熟练掌握英语常见的短语搭配和句式结构，避免汉语式的表达；2平时要有意识地培养直接用英语思维和表达的习惯，尽量减少汉语的介入，以免受其负面影响
12、。3.在我们非常缺乏英语日常运用环境的情况下，关键是要阅读大量的英语读物，形成一定的语感。高考真题 Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa.36 I last met this man eight years ago,I have not forgotten his 37 qualities.First of all,I respected his 38 to teaching.B
13、ecause his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered,students crowded into his classroom,His followers liked the fact that he 39 what he taught.Further more,he could be counted on to explain his ideas in all 40 way,introducing such aids(辅助辅助)to 41 oil paintings,music,and guest lecture
14、s.Once he 42 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear .43 ,I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them 44 the telephone.Drinking coffee in the cafe,he would easily make friends with students.Sometimes he would 45 a student to a game of chess(国
15、际国际象棋象棋).46 he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47 :agriculture,diving and mathematics.Many young people visited him in his office for 48 on their studies;others came to his home for social evenings.Finally,I was 49 by his lively sense of humor(幽默幽默).He believed that no lesson is a
16、success 50 ,during it,the students and the professor 51 at least one loud 52 Through his sense of humor,he made learning more 53 and more lasting,If it is 54 that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry,55 my friend is indeed a wise man.36 A.Although B.When C.Even if D.Now that 37.A.basic
17、B.special C.common D.particular 38 A.attention B.introduction C.relation D.devotion 39.A.insisted on B.talked about C.believed in D.agreed with 40.A.imaginative B.ordinary C.opposite D.open41 A.listening B understanding C information D.discovery42.A.also B.nearly C.even D.only43.A Later B Secondly C
18、 However D.Therefore44.A.with B.by C.from D.on 45.A.invite B.lead C.prefer D.show 46 A.As a matter of fact B.Later on C.Other times D.In general 47 A questions B.subjects C.matters D.contents 48.A.support B explanation C experience D.advice 49.A.disturbed B moved C.attracted D defeated 50.A.for B.un
19、til C.since D.unless 51.A.hear B.suggest C.share D.demand 52 A.laugh B.cry C.shout D.question 53 A.helpful B.enjoyable C.practical D.useful 54 A.natural B.normal C.hopeful D.true 55.A.so B.for C.then D.yet结束语 1.整卷策略-调整顺序;2.通读全文-把握文脉;3.跳过空白-不看选项;4.瞄准主线-自然完形;5.语法填空-固定搭配;6.语境填空-瞻前顾后.The speech is over for this time.Good-bye!
