1、Unit 1 语法语法Women of achievementTry to fill in the blanks.1.I _ seventeen.2.She _sixteen.3.There _ a desk in the room.There _ no chairs in it.4.John _ up at six oclock every morning.5.They _not come yet.amisisaregetshave主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主语主语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。二、意义一致二、意义一致三、就近
2、原则三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致 一、语法一致一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：例如：I often help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用单数单数；可数名词的可数名词的复数复数形式作主语，形式作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数
3、。语法一致语法一致 1.主语主语+with(together with/alongwith),as well as,like,not,but,except,including,rather than,other than,besides,in addition to 结构中，谓语与结构中，谓语与前面主语一致前面主语一致e.g.I,as well as they,_(be)ready to help you.The students along with the teacher _(be)required the meeting.Nobody but Jim and Tom _ (be)on t
4、he playground at that time.amarewas2.不定代词不定代词each,another,the other,either,neither，some/any/no/every+one/thing,做做主语时，谓语一般用单数。主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neither of us_ gone there,do they?Nobody _to go there,do they?haswants3.more than one;many a修饰名修饰名词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数e.g.Many a student _ (be)in the class
5、room.More than one mother _ (receive)the flowers.isreceives4.every one,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,some one,somebody,something(none,neither除外除外)等不定代词及等不定代词及each,the other作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词用用单数单数形式。如：形式。如：Nothing in the box mine.Someone _ to see you.iswants5.non
6、e 和和 neither 作主语时，谓语可用单作主语时，谓语可用单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数词只用单数 None of us perfect.(人无完人)None of the information been received.is/arehasv6.从句、不定式（短语），动名词（短从句、不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数 e.g.To read English aloud every morning _(do)you a lot of good.Serving the people
7、_(be)my great happiness.When and where we will have a picnic _ _(be not)decided yet.doesishas not been7.trousers,pants(裤子裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀剪刀)等词作主语时谓语用复数，等词作主语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有但如果名词前有 a(the)pair of等量词等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数修饰时，谓语动词用复数e.g.My glasses _broken.The scissors _ sharp.The pa
8、ir of shoes under the bed _ mine.语法一致语法一致 7areareisa(large/small/vast)quantity of a(large/small/vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 谓语由quantity的形式决定 A large quantity of oil put into the soup.A large quantity of apples in the basket.Large quantities of oil put into the soup.Large quantities of appl
9、es in the basket.语法一致语法一致 8waswaswerewere谓语动词的单复数谓语动词的单复数取决于取决于主语所表达的概念主语所表达的概念，而不，而不取决于表面的语法标志取决于表面的语法标志意义一致意义一致1.andHe and I are both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。1).and连接两个或两个以上连接两个或两个以上不同不同的人或的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用物作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。例：。例：2).如果
10、连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物同一个人或物，或指同一概念时或指同一概念时，谓语动词，谓语动词用用单数单数，这时，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。后面的名词前不加冠词。A needle and thread _found on the floor.A poet and writer _ going to give us a speech.wasis例如：例如：4)A).表整体概念的并列结构：表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：配
11、套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork _on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。刀叉放在桌子上。ise.g.Every man and(every)woman _(have)the same rights.vEvery boy and every girl in the class _diligent.3)并列名词前有并列名词前有noand(no);everyand(every);each and(each)修饰时做主语时，谓语一般用单数。修饰时做主语时，谓语一般用单数。hasis3.不定代词不定代词all,m
12、ore,some,any,none等等作主语时，当它指代不可数名词时看作单作主语时，当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。指代复数时，谓语数，谓语动词用单数。指代复数时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。vAll the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。vAll the apple is rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。vNone of us are/is perfect.人无完人。人无完人。vNone of the money is left.一点钱也没剩下。一点钱也没剩下。4.the rest of,half of,majority
13、of,part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,a plenty of,percent of 以及以及分数词分数词等作主等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即词的数，即就近原则就近原则。如：。如：A part of the students _arrived.部分学生已到了。部分学生已到了。A part of the apple _been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。havehas意义一致意义一致 5表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词
14、作表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作主语时，被主语时，被看作整体看作整体时谓语用时谓语用单数单数Sixty years a long time.Ten dollars enough for him.Three thousand miles a long distance.Fifty kilograms not too long to be carried.*如如强调具体数目强调具体数目，则用，则用复数复数。One hundred cents make a dollar.More than fifty years have passed since they got married.isis
15、isisphysics,politics,mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指结尾的词，指学科学科时属单数，谓时属单数，谓语动词用语动词用单数单数。Physics not difficult to learn.Mathematics a subject studied in nearly every school.v注：若指注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用时被看作复数，谓语常用复数复数。What are your politics?政治信仰/见解意义一致意义一致 6isisv单复数同形的名词单复数同
16、形的名词deer,sheep,fish,series系列系列,species物种物种,means手段手段,works工厂工厂,aircraft飞行器飞行器做主语时，做主语时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。e.g.A new means used.Many means not come into effect.意义一致意义一致 7has been havev集合名集合名(family,class,team,group,crowd public,government,band,company,army,police,enemy,crowd,audiec
17、e,population.)v若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调整体，谓语动词用单数v若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数e.g.The group (be)made up of nine students.The group (be)dancing happily.意义一致意义一致 8isarethe number of（.的数量）的数量）,the variety of(种类种类)用单数谓语，用单数谓语，a number of（许多，大（许多，大量）量）,a variety of（各种各样的（各种各样的.)用复数谓语用复数谓语1.The number of traffic
18、accidents _ (have)increased.2.A number of children _ (like)this song.3.There _ a variety of toys on sale in that shop.4.The variety of goods on sale in that shop _ surprising.haslikeareisThe new _ sure to replace the old.“the+形容词形容词/分词分词”+谓语复数谓语复数,表示表示一类人一类人eg.the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,t
19、he disabled,the sick The sick _cured and the lost _ found.但如果指但如果指事物或抽象概念事物或抽象概念时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单单数数.意义一致意义一致 10have beenhave beenis就近原则 1就近原则就近原则 21.You or he _ to blame.你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他？受责备的是你还是他？Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is答案：C，就近一致vWe Chinese _ a hard-worki
20、ng people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此题应选此题应选。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的劳的民族民族。1.The teacher with two students _ at the meeting.(was/were)2.A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain.Awas Bwere C
21、has Dhave3.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playwasAAExercise and RulesExercise and Rules3.Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English.(is/are)4.Whether he comes or not _ of no matter.(is/
22、are)5.To say _ one thing;to do _another.(is/are)6.Listening,speaking,reading and writing _four skills for English study.(is/are)7.Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle.(is/are)isisisisareareExercise and Rules8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A.have B.
23、are C.has D.is 9.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has been10.Each actor and(each)actress_ invited to our school.(is/are)11.Every boy and(every)girl _ got a toy train.(has/have)12.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday.(agree/agrees)CAishasagreesExercise and Rul
24、es15.70 percent of the surface _covered with water.（is/are)16.70 percent of the farmers _ improved their living conditions.(have/has)17.The rest of his journey _ pleasant.(was/were)18.The rest of the girls _ fond of music.(is/are)19.All of your work _well done.(is/are)20.All of your answers _ correc
25、t.(is/are)ishavewasareisareExercise and Rules23.Either the girl or the boy _ from Canada.(is/are)24.Not only the door but also the windows _ open.(is/are)25.Neither you nor I _ the answer.(knows/know)26.Not you but I _ wrong.(am/are/is)27.You or he _ to take part in the competition.(is/are)isareknow
26、amis Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has 4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with
27、 twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were7.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided8.A libr
28、ary with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered1.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.（2005年年 山东卷）山东卷）A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed2.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside
29、,_ in the clothing industry.（2005年年 辽宁卷）辽宁卷）Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked3.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006年年 江苏卷）江苏卷）A.is B.are C.was D.were4.A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.(江西卷江西卷)A.show;are B.shows;is C.show;is D.shows;are
