1、中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture第三章 中国家庭Families in China中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture01.一、社会变迁中的家庭生活 The Family Conceptin in Social Change02.
2、目录CONTENTS二、中国人的现代生活The Modern Life of Chinese People03.三、中国人的业余生活 The Modern Life of Chinese People中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture（一）中国婚礼Chinese Wedding中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture Before the meeting partys arriv
3、al,the bride would be helped by a respectable old woman to tie up her hair with colorful cotton threads.She would wear a red skirt because the Chinese believed red symbolizes happiness.When the party arrived,the bride must cry with her mother to symbolize her reluctance to leave home.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An
4、 Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese CultureThe wedding procession of the brides family stops at the door of the grooms home.In the meeting party the groom would meet a series of difficulties intentionally set in his path.Only after coping with these could he pass to see his wife-to-be
5、.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese CultureOn the arrival of the sedan at the wedding place,there would be music and firecrackers.The new couple would be led along the red carpet in a festive atmosphere.The groom,also in a red gown,would kowtow three times to worship t
6、he heaven,parents and spouse.3.正式的结婚仪式Formal wedding ceremonies中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture4.中式婚宴中式婚宴Wedding banquets in Chinese societyThe wedding banquet is known as joyful wine,and is sometimes far more important than the actual wedding itself.The wedd
7、ing banquets are a gesture of thanks and appreciation,to those that have raised the bride and groom(such as grandparents and uncles).It is also to ensure the relatives on each side meet the relatives on the other side.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture5.现代婚礼的变化
8、现代婚礼的变化Changes in modern Chinese weddings 改革开放以后，中国婚礼经历了几十年的变化，加上西式婚礼的强改革开放以后，中国婚礼经历了几十年的变化，加上西式婚礼的强大冲击，传统婚礼礼仪越来越淡化，没有过去传统婚俗那样繁杂的过程。大冲击，传统婚礼礼仪越来越淡化，没有过去传统婚俗那样繁杂的过程。很多年轻人追求的是中西合璧式的婚礼，讲求婚礼浪漫、时尚、奢华而很多年轻人追求的是中西合璧式的婚礼，讲求婚礼浪漫、时尚、奢华而并不是并不是在礼仪和礼节上的至臻完美。在礼仪和礼节上的至臻完美。Due to the reform and opening policy,Chine
9、se weddings have undergone decades of changes.With the strong impact of Western-style weddings,traditional Chinese wedding etiquette has become more and more diminished,and the complicated process of traditional marriage customs has gradually faded.Many young people are pursuing a wedding combining
10、Chinese styles and Western styles,which emphasizes romance,fashion and luxury without the perfection of etiquette.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture According to the marriage customs,newly-married couples usually need to knot their hair.the newly married man an
11、d womans hair would be taken,knotted and tied together,which symbolizes that the husband and wife would never separate.However,this custom has gradually disappeared,and in modern weddings couples rarely hold such etiquette.现代中国的婚礼结合了中国传统以及西方影响的元素，婚礼上新娘可以现代中国的婚礼结合了中国传统以及西方影响的元素，婚礼上新娘可以穿旗袍、秀禾服也可以穿白裙婚纱
12、。而且现代婚礼中最重要的一环是拍婚纱穿旗袍、秀禾服也可以穿白裙婚纱。而且现代婚礼中最重要的一环是拍婚纱照记录新婚的幸福时刻。照记录新婚的幸福时刻。The modern Chinese wedding combines the elements of Chinese tradition and Western influence.At the wedding,the bride can wear a cheongsam,or a white wedding dress.And the most important part of modern weddings is to take weddin
13、g photos to record the happy moments of the wedding.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture（二）从“独生子女”政策到“二胎”政策的转变The shift from one-child policy to two-child policyIn China infant mortality declined from 227 per thousand births in 1949 to 53 per thousand in 1981,and
14、 life expectancy dramatically increased from around 35 years in 1948 to 66 years in 1976.Until the 1960s,the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible.The population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976.Beginning in 1970,citizens were encouraged to ma
15、rry at later ages and have only two children.1.“独生子女”政策产生的背景 The background of two-child policy中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture（二）从“独生子女”政策到“二胎”政策的转变The shift from one-child policy to two-child policyAlthough the fertility rate began to decline,the Chinese go
16、vernment observed the global debate over a possible overpopulation catastrophe.It thus began to encourage one-child families in 1978 to develop the economy of the country,and then announced in 1979 its intention to advocate for one-child families.From then on it lasted three more decades before bein
17、g eliminated at the end of 2015.1.“独生子女”政策产生的背景 The background of two-child policy中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture2.独生子女政策的影响The influence of one-child policy Chinas fertility restrictions likely averted over 500 million births between 1970 and 2015,with the
18、portion caused by one-child restrictions possibly totaling 400 million.Fertility restrictions also had other unintended consequences,such as the acceleration of the aging of Chinas population.Besides,as the first generation of law-enforced only-children came of age for becoming parents themselves,on
19、e pair of couple were left with having to provide support for their four grandparents and raise their only child.Called the 4-2-1 Problem,this creates enormous pressure to young couples and leave the older generation receiving support on retirement funds or charity in order to reduce load of the you
20、nger generation.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 3.二胎政策的实施The implementation of two-child policyIn October 2015,the Chinese news agency Xinhua announced plans of the government to abolish the one-child policy,now allowing all families to have two children.,to
21、 improve the balanced development of population an apparent reference to the countrys female-to-male sex ratio and to deal with an aging population.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture（三）中国人的餐桌文化Chinese table cultureIn China,Chinese family life cannot be separate
22、d from table culture.As with any culture,there are rules and customs that surround what is appropriate and what is not when dining,whether it is in a restaurant or in someones home.The customs surrounding Chinese table manners is ingrained with tradition,and some rules are not to be broken.Failing t
23、o understand and follow all of the rules could result in offending the chef and ending the night in an unfavorable way.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture1.座次 Order of seats In general,seating arrangements follows the rule that the seats on the left side and eas
24、t side are for honored guests.The seat facing the door is the most glorious one,if the table is round.The superiority of the seats to the left and right of the main guest depends on the distance to the main guest.The closer to the main guest,the more superior the seat is.If the distances are the sam
25、e,the left one is more superior than the right one.As for old-fashioned square table for eight people,if there is a seat directly facing the door,the right one of such seats is for the main guest,if not,the seat on the east is for the most honored guest.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn
26、Overview of Chinese Culture Another point to note is that you should not ask the waiters the dishes price or bargain with them,when you order food,which shows you are not generous in front of guests,and customers will feel uncomfortable.On a standard Chinese meal 如果你是主人，你应该提前到达，然后在靠门位置等待，并为来宾如果你是主人，
27、你应该提前到达，然后在靠门位置等待，并为来宾引座。如果你是被邀请者，那么就应听从东道主安排入座。引座。如果你是被邀请者，那么就应听从东道主安排入座。If you are host,you should arrive at the banquet hall in advance,then wait guests at the door and introduce the quests to their seats.If you are an invitee,you should follow the hosts arrangement and take a seat.中国文化概况中国文化概况 A
28、n Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture Chinese people are generally very particular about eating,but also very particular about eating manners.用餐时的文明礼貌非常重要。对宾用餐时的文明礼貌非常重要。对宾客不要反复劝菜，可向对方介绍菜的特点，客不要反复劝菜，可向对方介绍菜的特点，吃不吃由他。同时替宾客夹菜也是不礼貌吃不吃由他。同时替宾客夹菜也是不礼貌的行为，因为你并不确定他喜不喜欢吃这的行为，因为你并不确定他喜不
29、喜欢吃这道菜。如果你是客人，也不要指望主人会道菜。如果你是客人，也不要指望主人会反复给你让菜。你要是等别人给自己布菜，反复给你让菜。你要是等别人给自己布菜，那就只好饿肚子。那就只好饿肚子。Good manners are very important when having a meal.It is impolite to urge guests to take the dish or drink,but it is acceptable to introduce the specialty of the dish.Whether the guests eat or not depends o
30、n themselves.It is also rude to take a dish for guests,because you are not sure if he likes to eat this dish.If you are a guest,dont expect the owner to pick food for you repeatedly.If you wait for someone to serve you a dish,then you have to empty your stomach.2.吃菜 Having a Meal中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Over
31、view of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 据中国社会体制改革报告中显示，中国10大最难拿户口城市为北京市、上海市、三亚市、广州市、深圳市、海口市、天津市、苏州市、青岛市和西安市。Nowadays,many places in China have the custom of giving betrothal gifts by the bridegroom.With the development of economy and the improvement of living standard,the bride-price i
32、s also increasing.Many Chongqing people say that the bride-price is not necessary.Compared with the bride-price,women in Chongqing pay more attention to mens talent,personality,ability,appearance,feeling respected and happiness.地方频道地方频道Local Channelocal Channel(1)(1)北京频道北京频道 Beijing Channel最难拿户口的城市
33、Cities Where to Get Household Registration Most Hard According to the Report on Chinas Social System Reform,the top 10 cities where people get their household registration most hard in China are Beijing,Shanghai,Sanya,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Haikou,Tianjin,Suzhou,Qingdao and Xian.(2)(2)重庆频道重庆频道 Chongqing
34、 Channel 如今，中国很多地方有送彩礼的习俗，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，彩礼也在不断提高。而很多重庆人表示，彩礼并不是必须的。相比彩礼，重庆女性更看重男性有无才华、性格是否合得来、能力强不强、相貌是否对自己的胃口，以及交往中感觉是否被尊重、是否有幸福感等方面。零彩礼 Zero Bride-price中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture5G will not only provide voice and data communication but also provide
35、capabilities for new technologies such as Internet of Things.（一）（一）5G G生活生活 5G life中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 5G5G traffic家居家居:Before going off duty,we just need to press the button gently,the sweeper,the air conditioner and the curtain begins orderly w
36、orking the home functions automatically.5 5G ultra high definition video conference超高超高清视频会议清视频会议:as the ultra-high definition video conference is on the spot,people can communicate face to face without barriers even though they are thousands of miles away.5G AR/VR panoramic broadcasting全景直播全景直播:5G
37、makes it possible to broadcast panoramic broadcasting with high definition and high bit rate.5G safe campus平安校园平安校园:5G remote teaching,5G night vision drone campus patrol and other new applications will be realized on campus,students personal safety will be more comprehensively guaranteed.5G remote
38、teaching远程教学远程教学:video learning will be able to be conducted anytime and anywhere,so that learning no longer needs to be based on the classroom system.5G telemedicine远程医疗远程医疗:5G allows patients to directly interact with doctors thousands of miles away,and doctors can also operate remotely.5G autonom
39、ous driving自动驾驶自动驾驶:5G will enable the smooth realization of autonomous driving.5G UAV UAV patrol无人机巡线无人机巡线:The controller can remotely control the UAV cameras steering,UAV flight status and route through 5G,further track and lock the target,and get the real-time high-definition video being returned
40、.5G quality detection质量检测质量检测:5G product quality cloud intelligence detection makes product detection more accurate,greatly reduces the probability of product defects,and fully guarantees the quality.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 微信是中国腾讯公司研发的一款集通信、社交、移动支付为
41、一体的多功能手机应用。它于微信是中国腾讯公司研发的一款集通信、社交、移动支付为一体的多功能手机应用。它于20112011年首次发年首次发布，到布，到20182018年，按每月活跃用户计算，它是世界上最大的独立移动应用程序之一，每月活跃用户超过年，按每月活跃用户计算，它是世界上最大的独立移动应用程序之一，每月活跃用户超过1010亿。亿。福布斯福布斯称其为全球最强大的应用程序之一，因其功能和平台广泛，被称为中国的称其为全球最强大的应用程序之一，因其功能和平台广泛，被称为中国的“万能应用万能应用”和和 “超级应用超级应用”。WeChat(literally:micro-message)is a Ch
42、inese multi-purpose messaging,social media and mobile payment app developed by Tencent.It was first released in 2011,and by 2018 it was one of the worlds largest standalone mobile apps by monthly active users,with over 1 billion monthly active users.Described as one of the worlds most powerful apps
43、by Forbes,it is also known as Chinas app for everything and a super app because of its wide range of functions and platforms.（二）微信 WeChat中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture1.发送消息MessagingWeChat provides text messaging,hold-to-talk voice messaging,broadcast(one-t
44、o-many)messaging,video calls and conferencing,video games,sharing of photographs and videos,and location sharing.WeChat users can register as an official account,which enables them to push feeds to subscribers,interact with subscribers and provide them with services.Official accounts can be used as
45、a platform for services such as hospital preregistrations,visa renewal or credit card service.微信提供文本消息、语音消息、群聊微信提供文本消息、语音消息、群聊(一对多一对多)、视频电话和会议、视频游戏、发送照片和视频以及位视频电话和会议、视频游戏、发送照片和视频以及位置共享。置共享。微信用户可以注册公众号，这样他们就可以向订微信用户可以注册公众号，这样他们就可以向订阅者推送新闻，与订阅者互动，并为他们提供服务。阅者推送新闻，与订阅者互动，并为他们提供服务。公众号可以作为医院预挂号、签证续签、信用卡等服
46、公众号可以作为医院预挂号、签证续签、信用卡等服务的平台。务的平台。中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture2.朋友圈Moments “朋友圈朋友圈”是微信社交平台上用于好友更新状态是微信社交平台上用于好友更新状态的栏目。朋友圈允许用户发布图片、文字、评论、分的栏目。朋友圈允许用户发布图片、文字、评论、分享音乐、分享文章和点享音乐、分享文章和点“赞赞”。Moments is WeChats brand name for its social feed of friend updates.Mo
47、ments allows users to post images,post text,post comments,share music,share articles and post likes.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture20142014年春节期间，微信推出了虚拟红包分发功年春节期间，微信推出了虚拟红包分发功能，模仿中国传统节日期间朋友和家人之间互送能，模仿中国传统节日期间朋友和家人之间互送红包的习俗。该功能允许用户将钱作为礼物发送红包的习俗。该功能允许用户将钱作为礼物发
48、送给好友和群组。给好友和群组。In 2014 for Chinese New Year,WeChat introduced a feature for distributing virtual red envelopes,modelled after the Chinese tradition of exchanging packets of money among friends and family members during holidays.3.微信支付服务WeChat Pay 在中国，只要提供银行账户信息，用户就可在中国，只要提供银行账户信息，用户就可以使用微信支付账单，订购商品和
49、服务，向其他以使用微信支付账单，订购商品和服务，向其他用户转账。用户转账。In China,users who have provided bank account information may use the app to pay bills,order goods and services,transfer money to other users,and pay in stores if the stores have WeChat option.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Cult
50、ure 4.城市服务City service 2017 2017年，微信推出了一项名为年，微信推出了一项名为“迷你程序迷你程序”的功能。企业主可以使用专有应用程序界面实现的功能。企业主可以使用专有应用程序界面实现在微信系统中创建小型应用程序。用户只要在微在微信系统中创建小型应用程序。用户只要在微信应用程序中安装这些程序信应用程序中安装这些程序即可。即可。In 2017,WeChat launched a feature called Mini Programs.Business owners can create mini apps in the WeChat system,implement
