1、句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语主语主语v1.主语是谓语讲述的对象。主语是谓语讲述的对象。v2.表示所说的表示所说的“是什麽是什麽”，“是谁是谁”，v3.一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当短语充当。v4.它在它在句首。句首。We study in No.7 Middle School.The classroom is very clean.To teach them English is
2、 my job.Surfing,diving and swimming are all water sports.谓语谓语v1.说明主语说明主语“做什麽做什麽”，“是什麽是什麽”，或或“怎麽样怎麽样”。v2.必须用动词。必须用动词。v3.和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）。（主谓一致）。v4.在在主语后面主语后面。His parents are doctors.She looks well.We study hard.We have finished reading the book.He can speak English.表语表语v1.说明主语说明
3、主语“怎麽样怎麽样”，或，或“是什麽是什麽”。v2.位于位于系动词系动词后面。后面。You look younger than before.I am a teacher.Everybody is here.My job is to teach them English.They are at home now.系动词（必背）系动词（必背）vbe(am is are was were)/seem/keep/是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持vlook/feel/taste/smell/sound/看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)感官感官动词动词vbecome/turn
4、/get/grow/变得变得 宾语宾语v1.是动作，行为的对象。是动作，行为的对象。v2.由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。来担任。v3.它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。v4.在谓语在谓语之后。分为直接之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语和间接宾语。She is playing the piano.He often helps me.He likes to sleep in the open air.We enjoy living in China.及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词v及物动词是及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾
5、语的动词后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/vI saw him last week.vWe heard the bad news yesterday.vThey eat bread every day.vHe drank a glass of milk just now.v不及物动词是不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/vShe smiled happily.vThey laughed loudly.v如果要加宾语如果要加宾语,就要靠一个就要靠一个介词介词来帮助来帮助:vShe look
6、 at the blackboard carefully.vHe listened to his teacher in class.vThey laughed at us after the match.定语定语v用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词。The black bike is mine.What is your name?They made paper flowers.The boys in the room are in Class Three,Grade Two.I have something to do.状语状语v1.修饰动词，形容词或副词修饰动词，形容词或副词,。v2.一般
7、表示行为发生的一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方时间，地点，目的，方式，程度式，程度等意义。等意义。v3.一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型1）SV 主语谓语主语谓语eg.The telephone rang.His father might have died.2)SVP 主语谓语表语主
8、语谓语表语eg.The plan sounds perfect.Frank is an artist.3)SVO 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语eg.I saw a bird.My sister enjoyed the play.简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd 主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语eg.The lady gave Jack a watch.My father bought me a bicycle.5)SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg.They called him a fool.She found the children fast a
9、sleep.*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语谓语!*做谓语的动词做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化有时态、语态和数的变化；还；还有有及物动词与不及物动词及物动词与不及物动词的区别。的区别。基本句型基本句型1 1 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点，点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。基本句型基本句型2 2 +（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的
10、特点：此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思这类动词叫做连系动词这类动词叫做连系动词。基本句型基本句型3 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必必须跟有一个宾语，须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。才能使意思完
11、整。这类动词叫做及这类动词叫做及物动词。物动词。基本句型基本句型4 +IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。动作的间接承受者。She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me.He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.基本句型基本句型5 +（主谓宾宾补）（
12、主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。语，才能使意思完整。主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾&主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 的比较的比较v宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系；双宾语没有。双宾语没有。He made the boy laugh.He gave me a book.He calls me Tom.She bought me a pen.We sent them
13、a telegram.宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补宾语和宾补双宾语双宾语v1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓 (状）状）v2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表v3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾v4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾v5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓 （状）（状）7.We must keep our
14、classroom clean.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补8.After work he always feels a little tired.（状）（状）主主+（状）（状）系系+（定）（定）表表9.They laughed at us after the match.主主+谓谓 宾（状）宾（状）10.She told me a story.主主 谓间宾直宾谓间宾直宾实际应用实际应用II.Choose the best answers：1._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.(00春季春季)A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.H
15、aving tried实际应用实际应用 I2.He sent me an e-mail,_ to get further information.(00上海上海)A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope实际应用实际应用I3._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.(01春招春招)A.Sleep B.Sleeping C.To sleep D.Having slept实际应用实际应用I4._ at the door before entering,please.(01春招春招)A.Knocked B.To knock
16、 C.Knocking D.Knock 实际应用实际应用I5._ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.(01上海）上海）A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give实际应用实际应用I6.The manager,_ his factorys products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.(03春招）春招）A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known 实际应用实际应用I7.It i
17、s believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.(03上海上海)A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 实际应用实际应用I8.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.(04上海上海)A.seizing;disappeared
18、 B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing 实际应用实际应用I9.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海上海)A.to smell B.smelling C.smell D.to be smelt实际应用实际应用I10.English has a large vocabulary,hasnt it?-Yes,_ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate.(04上海上海)A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known
