1、 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时和被动语态的叠合，过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时和被动语态的叠合，表示在表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经完成过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经完成,且主语与为主动词之间存在被且主语与为主动词之间存在被动关系。常与含有动关系。常与含有by,before等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。had+been done eg:The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found.Six hundred trees had been planted before last Wednesday.Past perfect
2、 passive 过去完成时的被动过去完成时的被动Using language否定结构否定结构:had not been doneThe problem had not been solved by the time I left the room.一般疑问结构：一般疑问结构：Had the office been cleaned before the director came?特殊疑问结构：特殊疑问结构：When had the buildings been destroyed?过去完成时的被动语态的用法：过去完成时的被动语态的用法：1 1 用在用在found,told,said,hear
3、d,knew,thought等动词后的宾语从句中，等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。2 2 当当before,when,by the time等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去等引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般过去时时，若主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前且表示被动，时时，若主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前且表示被动，则主句要用过去则主句要用过去完成时的被动语态。完成时的被动语态。3 3 当当before,by,by the end of后接过去的时间点时，且句子的主语与谓后接过去的时间点时，且句子的主语与谓语所表示的动作为被动关系时，语所表示的动作为
4、被动关系时，句子常用过去完成时。句子常用过去完成时。When she got home,she found that her keys had been left in her office.By the time the messenger reached him,the damage had been done.By 16:30,which was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.By the end of last month,those houses had been built.4 4 在在 It
5、was the first/second/thirdtime that句型中，句型中，当从句的主当从句的主语是从句动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。语是从句动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。5 5 当虚拟语气用在条件句中时，当虚拟语气用在条件句中时，若条件状语从句表示与过去的事实相反，若条件状语从句表示与过去的事实相反，且从句的主语是从句动作的承受者，且从句的主语是从句动作的承受者，则从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。则从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the second time that his bike had been stolen.If I had been
6、invited earlier,I would have gone with you.1 The police found that the house _(break)into and a lot of things were stolen.2 The new suspension bridge _(design)by the end of last month.3 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.4 I was sent to the v
7、illage last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.5 In the 1950s in the USA,most families had jut one phone at home,and wireless phones _(not invent)yet.6 If the new safety system_(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.7 During his stay in Xian,Jerry tri
8、ed almost all the local foods that _(recommend)by his friends.8 It _(know)for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in naturethats what accounted for its hot springs and other steamy features.直击高考直击高考 had been broken had been designed had been trapped had been carried hadnt been invented had bee
9、n put had been recommended had been known Look at the sentences and answer the questions.a At the start of the detox,over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media,in ANY form,for seven days.b At the start of the detox,people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social medi
10、a,in ANY form,for seven days.1 Were the students in sentence(a)persuaded before the detox started,of afterwards?2 What is the difference between sentences(a)and(b)?3 Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form?1 The students were persuaded before the detox started.2 Th
11、ey differ in voice.The passive voice is used in sentence(a),while the active voice is used in sentence(b).3 Maybe the author doesnt know who had persuaded students to stop using social media,or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were.1had been met2doing3had been cleaned4had been put5had bee
12、n left6avoiding 7to make Jack started the habit of cleaning his room last week.This is what his room looked like yesterday morning.(The floor was clean.The sheet was laid flat on the bed.All the books and clothes were placed neatly and tidily.The pictures on the wall were straight.)But two weeks ago
13、,Jacks room had been an awful mess.His clothes had been thrown everywhere;the pictures had not been hung straight;and all the drawers had been opened.It had been a very disorderly sort of room,with books and papers lying around everywhere.Speak out the meaning of the signs.Do not litter.Do not talk
14、loudly in public.Do not smoke.Do not take photos.Do not spit in public.Do not walk on the grass.Complete the conversations with the correct form of the words and expressions.1 A:What do you do when people _?B:I put my headphones on.I dont want to hear other peoples conversations.2 A:How can we stop
15、people_?B:We should tell them its dirty and it can spread diseases.3 A:What would you do if you saw people _?B:I would go up to them and ask them to put the litter into a rubbish bin.4 A:How can we prevent people from _?B:If we keep the grass looking really neat,maybe people will realise they should
16、nt walk on it.5 A:What would you do if you saw someone_ where its not allowed?B:Id politely remind them its not permitted,and that they should be considerate of others.6 A:What would you di if you saw someone_ in a museum?B:Id ask them to stop,because it can damage the exhibits.talk loudly in public
17、(from)spitting in publiclitteringwalking on the grasssmokingtaking photos1 How to promote values education.2 How to inspire students to work hard.3 How to introduce school programmes.4 How to fairly distribute books and umbrellas.Listen to the interview and choose a topic for it.Listen again and com
18、plete the newspaper report.A school in our city came up with an innovative programme to promote the traditional value of 1_.School principal Ms Wu gave several examples of how the programme works.To begin with,the school introduced an activity called the“unsupervised examination”for some of the clas
19、ses.That means during this examination,there is no teacher 2_.Before taking this examination students first need to 3_.Students generally expressed that its good to feel 4_ and they quite enjoyed 5_ in the examination.In turn,they developed 6_.The school also introduced what is called the 7”_”.Print
20、ed on each unbrella was short statement about 8_.At the end of the term,all the umbrellas were returned 9_.None of them had been lost or damaged.Now Ms Wu and her colleagues plan to introduce the programme to 10_.Everyone needs to work together to build a culture of honesty.They hope more teachers a
21、nd students will get involved.honesty present to oversee the students sign a letter of commitment trusted the relaxed atmosphere greater self-control honesty umbrella honesty and other values in one piece another branch of the school Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.Clarifying what you mean Giving examplesThat is.Let me clarify.I mean.To put it another way,.I can give a couple of examples.For instance,.Take.as an illustration.Now talk about how well you did in offering effective advice or ideas and developing effective solutions in the group discussion.
