1、 北京北京 20192019 中考英语阅读理解（六）中考英语阅读理解（六） 专题十八 阅读理解 第 6 讲 北京东城二模阅读理解 CD 篇 1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C 篇 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳 理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快
2、来看看你掌握了吗？ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会 翻译的为差。 ） 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 improvement n. 改进，改善 v. improve technology n. 科技 especially adv. 尤其地 教教学目标学目标 名名师点拨师点拨 support v. 支持 communication n. 交流 v. communicate powerful adj. 强大的 benefit n. 利益，好处 transportation n. 运输 depend on 依赖
3、 disadvantage n. 缺点 opp. advantage regular adj. 有规律的 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻 译的为差。 ） 1. One benefit for companies is that it can save money.（优良差） _ _ 句意：对于公司来说一个优点是它能节省钱。 本句中包含一个由 that 引导的表语从句，翻译时要注意。 2. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some
4、disadvantages.（优良 差） _ _ 句意：尽管 telework 有许多优点，但也有一些缺点。 本句是由 even though 引导的让步状语从句，可以积累 even though 这个短语。 3. If the worker is not in the office, managers dont know what they are doing. （优良差） _ _ 句意：如果员工不在办公室里，经理就不知道他们正在做什么。 本句首先含有一个由 if 引导的条件状语从句，其次含有一个由 what 引导的宾语从句做 know 的宾语。 方法篇 “方法得当, 事半功倍。 ” 只有语
5、料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。 对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一 步 快速浏览全文， 了解文章 大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子： 每段的开头和结尾， 重要的情 节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句 子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二 步 浏览问题，明确要求。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白， 这样又能辅助进一步理 解文章的主要内容， 具体做题时就能对号入座， 找到
6、文 章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三 步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读， 找到要回答问题的关键词、 句或 意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便 为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四 步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析， 对号 入座。 一般来说， 出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自 上到下顺序设计的， 根据难度先解决容易的， 最后解决 深层次的理解题。 第五 步 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后， 必须再仔细阅读一遍全文， 进一步加 深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题
7、型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大 意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。 问题包括询问人 （who） 、 物 （what） 、 时间 （when） 、 地点 （where） 、 原因 （cause） 、 结果（effect） 、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这 些细节。 设题 方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which o
8、f the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)? 解题 技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题 精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-h
9、anded people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别 扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A.
10、 get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为 cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落， 确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you f
11、eel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把 土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案， 故选 C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推 理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意， 文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题 方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_. 2. From the text we know that _. 3. With which of the follo
12、wing does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题 精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about h
13、er childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Per
14、ry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time wit
15、h what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativ
16、ity 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言 进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论 Syal 和 Perry 的例子的目的是什么？” 。两个段落很长，我们 首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为 a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal 说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想” ，第二段关键句为 He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够
17、自由思考” ，由这两句关键句 可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力， ” ，故选 D。 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。 而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。 设题 方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _. 2. The word“”most likely means _. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _. 解题 技巧
18、1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题 精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give
19、 them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词 while“然而” ，while 后的句意为“无聊能 给他们发展创造力的机会” ，所以 while 之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词 义。A 意为“ （使）慢下来”
20、，B 意为“跟上” ，C 意为“超出” ，D 意为“引起，导致” ， 故选 A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题 方式 1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The p
21、urpose of this article is to _. 解题 技巧 1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题 精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left han
22、d to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D.
23、 Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词 but，but 之前的关键 词 in the past 和 it was strange to use the left hand 表明了在过去人们认为 使用左手是奇怪的，but 之后的关键词 these days 和 have accepted that 表明了 现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态 度上的转变。可以判定答案为 Changes in opinions
24、 on left-handers.，故选 D。 语语篇精讲篇精讲 浏览问题 （抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 题号 题干及选项 1 What does telecommuting mean?（细节理解题） A. Driving to work. B. Working from home. C. Working in an office. D. Working for 8 hours a day. 2 What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?（词义猜测题） A. Health. B. Abilities. C.
25、 Spirits. D. Wealth. 3 Whats one of the disadvantages of telecommuting?（细节理解题） A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 4 What can we learn from the pas
26、sage?（推理判断题） A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years. C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 通篇寻读 （通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备） 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 349 7 分钟 _/
27、4 Telecommuting For most people, a usual workday means waking up, eating breakfast, driving to the office, working for about 8 hours and then driving back home. But not all workers have this experience. Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting or telework. A perso
28、n who telecommutes is called a telecommuter. People have worked in their homes for thousands of years. But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s. Improvements in technology, especially networking technology, helped support the development of telework. As communication technolog
29、y became cheaper and more powerful, telecommuting became more of a choice for workers. Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are o
30、ften happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from
31、 home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. Managers are worried about losing control of the workers. If the worker is not in the office, managers dont know what they are doing. Telework can
32、also be bad for a persons working life. Managers are more likely to give a promotion（升职）to workers that they see every day, so telecommuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers. As telecommuters often work alone, another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other peop
33、le. Telecommuting has a place in the society today. Helped by more powerful technologies, teleworkers of the future will be able to communicate in new and improved ways. This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future. 逐题分析 语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述
34、了 Telecommuting 这种新型的工作方式，并从这种工 作方式的优点，缺点及发展进行了说明。 1. What does telecommuting mean? A. Driving to work. B. Working from home. C. Working in an office. D. Working for 8 hours a day. 解析：B. 细节理解题。 题干意为 “telecommuting 是什么意思？” ， 根据文章第一段关键句 “Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called t
35、elecommuting or telework.” ，意为“许多人在家工作，这种工作 方式被称为 telecommuting 或 telework。 ” ，故选 B. 2. What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean? A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth. 解析：C. 词义猜测题。首先看画线词所在句，它也能帮助提高_.再看后句意为“这是因为可以选择工作方式的员 工要更加快乐” ， 这句话是对前一句话的解释， 快乐应该是精神或情绪方面的， A 项意为 “健康” ； B 项意为
36、 “能 力” ；C 项意为“精神” ；D 项意为“财富” ，故选 C。 3. Whats one of the disadvantages of telecommuting? A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 解析：C. 细节理解题。题干意为“teleco
37、mmuting 的缺点之一是什么？” ，A 项意为“它使工作者不健康和沮丧” ，根据 第三段关键句 This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier.可 知选择这种工作方式的人是更加快乐的，故排除；B 项意为“它使工作者对工作不感兴趣” ，根据第三段关键 句 If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs.可知他们愿意更好的工作，故排除；C 项意为“它使工作者有更少的升职机会” ，根据第四段关键句 so telecomm
38、uters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers.可以判定此项正确；D 项意为“它使工作者不能很好地控制时间” ，根据第 三段关键句 telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.可以判定此项是错误的， 故选 C。 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Telework has a history of hu
39、ndreds of years. C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 解析：A 推理判断题。A 项意为“Telework 将会在未来得到提高，改善” ；B 项意为“Telework 有几百年的历史” ；C 项意为 “Teleworkers 每年工作更多天” ； D 项意为 “Teleworkers 擅长与人交流” 。 根据最后一段最后一句 This will make telework better and make sure th
40、at it will have a more important place in the future. 可以判断 A 项正确；根据第二段关键句 But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s. 可以判定 B 项错误；根据第三段最后一句 telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year. 可以判定 C 项错误；根据第四段最后一句 another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from ot
41、her people.可以判定 D 项错误。 精讲笔记 （学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法） 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 10 个） 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种） 细节理解 题 1、3 推理判断 题 4 词义猜测 题 2 主旨大意 题 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 improvement n. technology n. 能能力提升力提升 adv. 尤其地 v. 支持 communication n. adj. 强大的 n. 利益，好处 transportation n. d
42、epend on disadvantage n. adj. 有规律的 二、句子英汉互译 1. 问题是他们是否能够帮助我们。 _. 2. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 _. 3. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. _. 4. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. _. 5. If the worker is not in the office, managers dont know what t
43、hey are doing. _. 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 社会现象类 议论文 355 7 分钟 _/4 Technology has become a necessary and important part of our lives. It has changed our lives greatly. In many ways, it makes life more convenient for us: we can send messages quickly through the Internet, cook meals in a few minu
44、tes in a microwave, and book train tickets online instead of walking to the station. However, in our increasingly technology-driven world, have we become addicted to technology? Not too long ago, many children enjoyed reading a good book in their spare time. Nowadays, teenagers are more likely to be
45、 seen playing video games or watching television. Some people even say they cant go without watching their favourite TV programme. Similarly, sending letters has become a thing of the past. It has been replaced by email, immediate messaging and other social media (媒体）.I think this is a huge shame; f
46、or me, theres nothing better than receiving a letter in the post. It shows someone has taken the time to sit down and write something; this is much more private than a conversation online. And for some people, especially the old, new ways of communication arent so easy to use. I often send letters a
47、nd postcards to my grandma to tell her about my life in France. The presence of social media has, in some ways, turned us into anti-social beings. Instead of meeting up with friends and seeing them face to face, we now spend a lot of time communicating online. Although online communication has its advantages especially，enabling us to keep in touch with loved ones in different countries, we shouldnt forget the value of real-life human interaction. It is, after all, in our nature to socialize with others！ Admittedly (诚然), I spend a lot of time
