1、 Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Section B Reading and Thinking核心词汇 词汇一词汇一 puzzle（1）n.谜；智力游戏；疑问（谜；智力游戏；疑问（2）vt.迷惑；使困惑迷惑；使困惑教材原句Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。要点必记solve a puzzle 解决难题 in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑 puzzle over/about 苦苦思索 c
2、rossword puzzle 填字游戏词语积累puzzlement n.迷惑，困惑puzzled adj.感到迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的说明：-ing 形容词常说明事物的性质；-ed 形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。题组练领悟方法单句语法填空（1）The girl looked at me with a expression.Maybe the problem was quite .（puzzle）（2）Facing the situation，the chief manager looked .（puzzle）单句写作（3）People have long （苦
3、苦思索）how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.（4）Jack （感到困惑）that Nicholas didnt seem to recognize him.（5）I explained the （令人困惑的问题）carefully，but from his （迷惑的表情），I knew he was still in （困惑）.puzzled puzzling puzzling puzzled puzzled over/about was/felt puzzled puzzling questionpuzzled look a puzzle 词汇二词
4、汇二 join.to.把把和和连接或联结起来连接或联结起来要点必记join A to/and B 把A 和B 连接起来connect.to/with/and.把与连接起来（具体含义）join in 参加；加入join（with）sb.in doing sth.和某人一起做某事单句语法填空（1）词汇复现Every individual or group is joined the world by the Internet.（2）In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village （join）in the fun.单句写作（3）o
5、ne section of pipe （把和连接起来）the next.tojoining Jointo/and 词汇三词汇三 break away（from sb./sth.）（）（1）脱离）脱离（2）背叛）背叛（3）逃脱）逃脱教材原句Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today.最后，在20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称 要点必记break down 出故障；垮掉；失败
6、 break into 强行闯入break in（强行进入）打断，搅扰 break through 突破break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发break up（团体）解散；（关系）破裂单句写作 （1）With so many problems unsettled，a few countries wanted to （脱离）the Union.（2）The boy （挣脱）his mother and ran away.单句语法填空（3）The Union first consisted of several countries，one of which broke away it l
7、ater because of conflicts.（4）It was the fact that his car broke on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.（5）The fire broke during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.break away from broke away from from down out 词汇四词汇四 result in 导致，造成导致，造成教材原句Finally，in the 20th centu
8、ry，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today.最后，在20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称 要点必记result in 导致，造成result from 由于as a result 因此，结果as a result of 由于单句语法填空（1）The terrible accident resulted careless driving.（2）词汇复现The accident resulted heavy losses be
9、cause many cultural relics were destroyed.（3）He studies very hard.As result，he now speaks brilliant English.（4）He has a preference for literature as a result the influence from his mother.句型转换（5）His failure resulted from not working hard enough.=_from inaofNot working hard enough resulted in his fai
10、lure.词汇五词汇五 refer to.as 把把称为称为 教材原句People from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.来自英国的人被称为“British”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。要点必记（1）refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考refer to his experiences 谈到他的经历refer to the problem about society 涉及社会问题refer to a di
11、ctionary 查字典refer to your notes 参考一下你的笔记 refer.to.把提交；把归功于；把称作（2）for future reference 供日后参考单句语法填空（1）Who do you think the teacher is referring?（2）The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new development in this field.（3）Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future （refer
12、）.单句写作（4）Some scientific stories this book （提及）have come true now.（5）When reading，youd better avoid （查阅字典）too often.（6）Coal （通常被称作）a fossil fuel.（7）Put down the names of the products in your notebook （供日后参考）.toasreference refers to referring to your dictionary is usually referred to as for future re
13、ference 词汇六词汇六 belong to（1）属于（某人）属于（某人）（）（2）是（俱乐部、组织等）的成）是（俱乐部、组织等）的成员员（3）是（某族类）是（某族类或纲目）的一部分或纲目）的一部分教材原句The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作。要点必记belong vi.应在（某处）；适应belongings n.（pl.）所有物；财产，财物personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品学法点拨（1）belong t
14、o 既不能用于被动语态，也 不能用于进行时态。但可用belong to 的现在分词形式作后置定语。（2）to 是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作 宾语。单句写作（1）Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future （属于）the well-educated.（2）He was upset that the valuable watch （属于他的）was lost yesterday.单句语法填空（3）The old house （belong）to my grandfather was still in good cond
15、ition.（4）I just escaped from the flood and all my （belong）were swept away.（5）词汇复现If someone belongs a particular group，he or she is a member of that group.belongs to belonging to him belongingbelongingsto词汇七词汇七 as well as（1）同（一样也）同（一样也）（2）和；还）和；还 教材原句They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as
16、 well as share the same currency and military defence.他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。要点必记A as well as/together with/along with B+谓语动词+其他，谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定学法点拨not only A but also B 不但 A 而且 B（强调B）A as well as B 不但 B 而且 A （强调A）单句语法填空（1）Peter as well as his friends （like）to listen to classical music.（2）Not
17、only he but also his brothers （work）like mad at the moment.（3）词汇复现He gave me some good tips as well some warnings.（4）Dr Smith，as well as his wife and daughters，（be）going to visit Beijing this summer.一句多译他不但种花，而且种菜。（5）He grows vegetables flowers.（6）He grows vegetables flowers.likes are working asisas
18、 well as not onlybut also 词汇八词汇八 defence n.防御；保卫防御；保卫要点必记（1）in defence of 为辩护；捍卫，保卫build up a defence 筑起一道防线defence against 抵御 in ones defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护come to ones defence 出来保护某人（2）defend vt.保护；保卫defend.from/against.保护免受伤害；保卫 defend oneself against.为自己辩护误区警示defence 后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时，介词用against；若接
19、“被保护者”，则介词用of。单句语法填空（1）The town walls were built as a defence enemy attacks.（2）Two rescue workers came to his （defend）when the accident happened.（3）All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves the sudden attacks.单句写作（4）Mr Green stood up （为辩护）the little boy，saying that he was not the one
20、to blame.（5）Thousands of young men came forward，willing to （保卫他们的国家）.（6）I have to say （为她辩护）that she knew nothing about the incident at first.against defence from/against in defence of defend their country in her defence 词汇九词汇九 legal adj.法律的；合法的法律的；合法的教材原句.all have different education systems and le
21、gal systems.都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。要点必记（1）legal rights 合法权利the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议 over the legal limit 超出法律允许范围legal documents 法律文件a legal adviser 法律顾问（2）illegal 非法的，违法的单句语法填空（1）The judge said that it was not legal （attack）other people with violence.（2）He was arrested
22、 for possession of （legal）drugs.单句写作（3）他们参与了非法活动。They were involved in .（4）今天，越来越多的妇女学会站起来捍卫她们的合法权利。More and more women today have learned to arise .to attack illegal illegal activities in defence of their legal rights 词汇十词汇十 surround vt.围绕；包围围绕；包围教材原句.you will be surrounded by evidence of four diff
23、erent groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围，他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。要点必记be surrounded by/with.被 环绕/包围词语积累surrounding adj.周围的，附近的（只用于名词前）surroundings n.（复数）环境单句写作（1）The garden （由包围着）a hedge in which many small creatures can live.单句语法填空（2）词汇复现The poet was surrou
24、nded a crowd of people，eager to hear his speech.（3）Mrs White found her husband （surround）by letters and papers and looking very worried.（4）（surround）by the clear waters，this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.（5）They live in a beautiful village，
25、with many trees and flowers （surround）it.is surrounded by/with bysurrounded Surrounded surrounding 词汇十一词汇十一 evidence n.证据；证明证据；证明要点必记（1）good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据 gather/collect evidence 收集证据look for/search for evidence 寻找/搜寻证据 hide evidence 隐藏证据There is evidence that.有证据表明 medical/sci
26、entific evidence 医学/科学证据give evidence（出庭）作证（2）evident adj.明显的，显然的 It is evident that.很明显 误区警示一件证据 a piece of evidence（）an evidence（）单句语法填空（1）Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.（2）All the scientific evidence （show）
27、that increasing use of chemicals in farming （be）damaging our health.（3）It is （evidence）that smoking is harmful to health.单句写作（4）（有 证 据 表 明）the ship sank in a bomb attack.（5）（很明显）the man is highly thought of in the company.that showsis evident There is evidence that It is evident that 词汇十二词汇十二 achiev
28、ement n.（1）C成就，成绩成就，成绩（2）U达到达到教材原句Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。要点必记（1）quite an achievement 了不起的成就a sense of achievement 成就感make an achievement/make achievements 做出成就（2）achieve success 获得成功achieve ones aim/goal 达到目的/实现目标单句语法填空（1）They felt a gre
29、at sense of to see their childrens .（achieve）单句写作（2）词汇复现The evidence shows that they _（已经做出巨大成就）in many ways.（3）His laziness makes it impossible for him to （获得成功）.（4）He finally （实现他的目标）of being a scientist after years of struggle.achievementachievementshave made great achievements achieve success ac
30、hieved his goal 词汇十三词汇十三 include doing sth.包含做某事包含做某事教材原句Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。要点必记include vt.包括including prep.包括，包含included adj.被包括的误区警示including 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；included 是形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语。包括两名同学：including two schoolmates two school
31、mates included 单句语法填空（1）2018 全国 卷The classroom is a place for learning and that includes （learn）from textbooks，and mistakes as well.（2）In total 200 students went for the picnic，（include）some from No.3 Middle School.（3）The container contains many kinds of fruits，apples （include）.（4）There were five of
32、 us，（include）a photographer and a cosmonaut.（5）As an adult you have a responsibility to look out for your children，which includes （have）some fun together.learning including included including having 词汇十四词汇十四 location n.地方地方教材原句.left behind lots of new vocabulary，and also the names of many locations
33、across the UK.留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。要点必记（1）the location of the factory 工厂的位置the exact/precise location 确切位置（2）locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出的 位置be located in/on 坐落于，位于 locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林单句语法填空（1）词汇复现The ancient people built towers in different （locate）for military defence.（2）China （locate）in the
34、east of Asia with the area of 9，600，000 square kilometres.单句写作（3）Mount Huang （位于）Anhui Province.（4）The centre many historical sites.（这个中心位于很容易到达许多古迹的地方。）locations is located is located in is located within easy reach of 词汇十五词汇十五 battle（1）n.战役；搏斗（战役；搏斗（2）vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗搏斗；奋斗教材原句They conquered England af
35、ter the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.他们在11 世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。要点必记a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争fight a.battle 打的仗win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗accept the battle 应战battle against/with 与战斗battle for 为而战，为而奋斗汉译英（1）和困难作斗争_（2）争夺时间之战 _（3）为争取同等权利而战_（4）为正义而斗争 _（5）为生
36、存而战_单句写作（6）She has （与抗争）cancer for two years.（7）The police are （与进行艰苦的斗争）crime.battle against difficulties battle against time battle for equal rights battle for justice battle for life battled against fighting a tough battle against 词汇十六词汇十六 date back（to）追溯到）追溯到教材原句.as it is an ancient port city th
37、at has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。要点必记（1）date back to“追溯到”，相当于 date from，后接时间点。（2）两者都不能用于被动语态和进行时 态，而通常用于一般现在时。（3）常用现在分词形式作定语。归纳拓展out of date 过时 up to date 最新的，新式的to date 迄今，到目前为止 单句语法填空（1）The art of paper-cutting in China may date back the second ce
38、ntury.（2）On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple （date）from the Tang Dynasty.单句写作（3）My family has a vase，which is said to （追溯到）the Ming Dynasty.（4）The building （追溯到）Roman times has been rebuilt recently.（5）The dictionary is （过时）：many new words have been added to the language since it was
39、 published.todating date back to dating from out of date 词汇十七词汇十七 keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意）留心；留意教材原句If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。要点必记（1）keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干keep up 保持；继续keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和保持联系
40、keep back 阻止；隐瞒keep away（from）避免接近（）keep sb.from doing.阻止某人做 keep off 使不接近keep on 继续（2）keep fit 保持健康keep ones promise 履行诺言keep in touch with 与保持联系单句语法填空（1）词汇复现You must keep your （eye）open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.（2）Keep your eyes open a boy i
41、n a red sweater.（3）Youre walking so fast that I cant keep up you.（4）Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese burning.eyes for with from 单句写作（5）If you （留心），you can learn a great deal.（6）I know its hard，but （坚持下去）!Dont give up!（7）I got the feeling he was （隐瞒了一些事情）.（8）Many people cann
42、ot （跟上）the develop-ment of technology.keep your eyes open keep at it keeping something back keep up with 重点句式 句式一句式一 if any 如果有的话如果有的话教材原句 So what is the difference between them，if any?如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么？要点必记if so 如果是这样的话if not 如果不是这样；不然，否则if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话if ever 如果曾经有的话单句写作（1
43、）Take the doctors advice.（如果是这样的话），you will overcome distractions in class.（2）I want to avoid the rush hour traffic （如果可能的话）.（3）Problems，（如果有的话），should be solved without delay.（4）Take more exercise.（不然的话），you will be overweight.（5）The island is seldom，（如果曾经有的话），visited by ships.（6）Ill stay up all ni
44、ght，（如果有必要的话），to get it finished.If so if possible if any If not if ever if necessary 句式二句式二 There be+主语主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词.教材原句 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。要点必记There be+主语+to do（表示动作尚未发生）There be+主语+doing（表示主动和进行）The
45、re be+主语+done（表示被动或完成）误区警示当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。There is no time to lose/to be lost.时间不容耽搁。单句语法填空（1）There are still millions of people （suffer）from hunger nowadays.（2）There will be some volunteers （help）in remote areas.（3）There is still some support （give）by the local pe
46、ople.（4）There is a castle （build）in the 11th century.（5）Last night，there were millions of people （watch）the opening ceremony live on TV.句型转换（6）There are some students on the playground.They are playing basketball.There are some students on the playground basketball.suffering to help given built watching playing 完成“综合练提升能力”中的题目综合练提升能力
