1、 必修三必修三 Module 5 and 6 语法教学知识整合语法教学知识整合定语从句定语从句附加附加as引导定语从句引导定语从句定语从句定语从句 定语从句的基本问题定语从句的基本问题先行词：先行词：被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词位置：放在名词或代词后面位置：放在名词或代词后面概念：概念：修饰一个名词或代词修饰一个名词或代词,由由关系关系代词代词或或关系副词关系副词引导的句子引导的句子,相当一相当一个形容词，在句中作定语个形容词，在句中作定语eg.The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a
2、 doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语2.关系副词关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词 充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名
3、词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语The lady is Green.We saw her yesterday.herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系词实际上代替的就是先行词，这里作宾语关系词实际上代替的就是先行词，这里作宾语关系词的作用关系词的作用 1.代替的先行词的位置代替的先行词的位置2.在句中担任成分在句中担任成分3.引导定语从句引导定语从句关系词的填充关系词的填充 由由先行词先行词和和从句所缺的成分从句所缺的成分决定决定学习方法学习方法找主句找主句先行词先行词分析定语
4、从句分析定语从句填关系词填关系词1.先找主语先找主语2.不缺主语再看宾语不缺主语再看宾语3.主宾语不缺找状语主宾语不缺找状语4.再看先行词是人还是物再看先行词是人还是物1.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine=that做主语做主
5、语the boy=who做主语做主语the boys=whose做定语做定语in the school=where做状语做状语关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词指出关系词的作用指出关系词的作用 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are ta
6、lking about?当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.简化口诀简化口诀代高序，人与物，代高序，人与物，only和和very不重复不重复that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。先行词为先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：等时。如：先行词为先行词为those,he和和people时。如：时。如：Those
7、 who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.All who heard the news were excited.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will ne
8、ver be forgotten.当先行词被当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the ne
9、ws.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.The boy whose mother is a doctor is my friend.whose title=the title of which或或of which th
10、e titlewhose mother=the mother of whom或或of whom the motherThose who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须
11、与先行词保持一致。语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：如：1.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习：巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.The family _ Im staying with lives in town.2.I know the student _ article was published.3.Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years ol
12、d.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略省略巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China was founded.2)Beijing is the place _ (_ _)I live.3)Is this the reason
13、_(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherein whichwhyfor which 4)Is this the room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere1.Ill never forget the days
14、 _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in which(that/which)where/in which(which/that)why/for whichthat/
15、which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词4.关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)From where and since when(2)当当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Tom hid himself behind the door,from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.He left schoo
16、l in 1983,since when he has been working in a bank.Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?Where=in which先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时时,从句中缺从句中缺状语状语,引导定语从句的关系词用引导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.T
17、he way_ he used to solved the problem is reasonable.（that/in which）（that/in which）（that/in which）1.根据从句中的动词搭配vThis is the book _ which you asked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前v我照顾的那个老人好多了。我照顾的那个老人好多了。vThe old man after whom I am looking is better.vThe old man whom I am looking after is better.介词
18、介词+whom/which如如何判断介词何判断介词for2.根据从句中的形容词搭配vHe told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.vThis is our classroom,in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判断介词如何判断介词with3.根据先行词与介词搭配4.介词+关系代词=关系副词vMy grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.vKun Ming is a beautiful pla
19、ce _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判断介词如何判断介词in whichwhenin whichwhere1.The song,_ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.2.He is the hero _ we are proud.3.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.4.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExercise16
20、.Do you like the book _ she spent$10?17.Do you like the book _ she paid$10?18.Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot?19.Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad?20.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whom
21、about whomof which介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用关系代词关系代词as引导引导1.先行词与先行词与such,the same连用或先行词本身就连用或先行词本身就是是the same,such时，要用时，要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2.代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用于句首时，要用as。As is well known,the earth goes ar
22、ound the sun.vThe earth is round,_ we all know.v_ is known to all,the earth is round.v_ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定具有正如之意，动词一般较固定as的使用的使用/which 句型句型It is p.p that S+V=What is p.p is that S+V=As is p.p,S+V=S+is p.p to+V=People V that S+Vth
23、at主语从句主语从句what主语从句主语从句That表语从句表语从句As 定语从句定语从句注意动词不定式的时态与语态注意动词不定式的时态与语态That宾语从句宾语从句Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have.Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.asthatas的使用思考：有几个思考：有几个privilege非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说非限
24、制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用隔开。不用that 引导，关系词都不能省略引导，关系词都不能省略My watch,which is very old,stopped again.2.关系代词关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，引导的非限制性定
25、语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：主句之后。如：The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth.(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的Thanks
