1、Grammar and usage To-infinitive Bare infinitive 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。.To-infinitive to do not to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done Lead-in 不定式的基本形式不定式的基本形式 Examples Examples He decided to study harder than before.The patient w
2、as warned not to eat oily food after the operation.Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.When his father came in,he pretended to be reading.I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Do let your mother know all the trut
3、h.She appears to have been told everything.作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1.Fred 没有钱，所以
4、他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。作表语作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1.我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?1.你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth.作状语作状语He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be
5、heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1.她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.高考链接高考链接The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007辽宁）辽宁）A.arrive
6、d B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving Test yourself 1.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to seeB.not seeing C.to not seeD.having not seen 2.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to go C.to try and goD.try going3.I went to see him,_ him out.A.findingB
7、.find C.only to findD.found 4.Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday?A.holdingB.holdC.will be heldD.to be held5.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.to invent B.inventingC.to have invented D.having inventedII.Bare infinitive We use bare infinitive after let,mak
8、e and haveeg.Ill let you use my computer.我会让你用我的电脑的。我会让你用我的电脑的。Dont make the boy stand all the time.别让那个小男孩一直站着。别让那个小男孩一直站着。The teacher had her students finish the work within 5 minutes.老师让她的学生们老师让她的学生们5分钟之内完成作分钟之内完成作 业。业。当当make/let/have+bare infinitive 变成被动语态时，应加上变成被动语态时，应加上to。eg.The workers were m
9、ade to work 14 hours a day by the boss.工人们被迫每天工作工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。个小时。2.We use bare infinitive after verbs of perception like feel,hear,see,watch,observe and noticeeg.I often hear him sing in the next room.我经常听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。我经常听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。He stood there and watched the passengers go by.他站在那儿看着行人来来往往。他站在那儿看着
10、行人来来往往。Did you notice anyone enter the house？你注意到有人进那间屋子吗？你注意到有人进那间屋子吗？3.We use bare infinitive after some phrases or patterns like would rather,had better and why noteg.Id rather stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。我宁愿呆在家里。Youd better not be late.你最好别迟到。你最好别迟到。Why not go to the beach?为什么不到海边走走？为什么不到海边走走？4.We use
11、the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and,or,except,but,than,rather than,as or like.eg.I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left.我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。我们决定呆
12、在家里，不去电影院了。注意注意A.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，的动词，只只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。B.介词介词except/but 之后接不定式时，如果介之后接不定式时，如果
13、介词前有实意动词词前有实意动词do 则则except/but 后接不带后接不带to 的不定式；反之，如果的不定式；反之，如果except/but前没有实意前没有实意动词动词do，则不定式带，则不定式带to。She has no choice but to wait for the news.The man can do everything but speak French.注意注意 高考链接高考链接 My parents have always made me _ about myself,even when I was twelve.（2007江苏）江苏）A.feeling well B.
14、feeling good C.feel well D.feel good 高考链接高考链接-Its a long time since I saw my sister.-_ her this weekend?（2007辽宁）辽宁）A.Why not visit B.why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visit Test yourself1.We were told to have our reading room _ after school.A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned2.Paul
15、doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning3.Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washingIII.Verb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentenceeg.Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job
16、.产卵是蚁后的专职工作。产卵是蚁后的专职工作。It is no use arguing with him.与他争辩没用。与他争辩没用。Her swimming has improved since she started training every day.自从她开始自从她开始 训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentenceeg.I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。我喜欢游泳。He has finished writing the composition.他已经写好了作文。他已经
17、写好了作文。He is fond of playing football.他喜欢踢足球。他喜欢踢足球。The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form:would you mind,cant help,look forward to,feel like,cant stand,its no use/good.,put off,keep on,give up,devote to,stick to,be busy,be worth,get down to Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing f
18、orm or a to-infinitive,but with some differences in meaning or usage.regret to do:抱歉要做某事抱歉要做某事 regret doing:后悔做了某事后悔做了某事 eg.I regret to tell you that you are fired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉他真相。我后悔告诉他真相。forget to do:忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing:忘记做了某事忘记做了某事 eg.He for
19、got to close the door when he left.他离开时忘了关门了。他离开时忘了关门了。I will never forget winning my first gold medal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌 的情况。的情况。remember to do:记得要做某事记得要做某事 remember doing:记得曾经做过的事记得曾经做过的事 eg.Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work,OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？好吗？I
20、 remember seeing this man somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。我记得在哪儿见过这个人。mean to do:打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing:意味着做某事意味着做某事 eg.I mean to come earlier today.我今天打算早点来。我今天打算早点来。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个错过这列火车意味着又要等一个 小时小时。try to do:努力做某事努力做某事 try doing：尝试做某事：尝试做某事 eg.She tried to fi
21、nish the work as quickly as she can.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。I tried doing the exercise in a different way.stop to do:停下来做某事停下来做某事 stop dong:停止做某事停止做某事eg.The workers stopped to have a rest.工人们停下来休息。工人们停下来休息。The workers stopped working and have a rest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。下。go on to do:继
22、续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go on doing:继续做同一件事继续做同一件事eg.After doing the cooking,mother went on to do some washing.饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。The workers went on working after a short rest.短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。了。Verb-ing form used as the predicate of a sentence eg.Her job is teaching.她的工作是教学。她的工作是教学
23、。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。Verb-ing form used as the attribute of a sentence eg.There is a shoe in the swimming pool.游泳池内有一只鞋。游泳池内有一只鞋。He is in the reading room.他在阅览室里。他在阅览室里。高考链接高考链接 -Can I smoke here?-Sorry.We dont allow _ here.（2007江苏）江苏）A.people smokingB.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking Rob
24、ert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often have regretted his advice!（2007安徽）安徽）A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking 高考链接高考链接 高考链接高考链接It remains_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.(2006浙江浙江)A.seenB.to be seen C.seeingD.to seeMary,_ hereeverybody else,stay where you are.(20
25、06全国全国I)A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming高考链接高考链接Is it time you got down to _ the papers?(2006重庆）重庆）A.markB.be marked C.being marked D.marking Test yourself Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to doB.doing C.withD.to be doing She didnt remember_ him before.A.having metB.hav
26、e met C.to meetD.to having met Test yourself I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to doB.to be doing C.to have doneD.having done Test yourself
27、翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。（1）要学好一门外语是不容易的。）要学好一门外语是不容易的。Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.（2）我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。）我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation（3）女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要）女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。告诉你们。Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.（4）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。儿子。Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy.（5）我叫小李给你修收音机。）我叫小李给你修收音机。Ill have Xiao Li repair the radio for you.Test yourself
