1、Grammar and UsageTom seemed excited when he heard the good news yesterday.My mother didnt allow him to go out,for he had lots of homework to do.In order to keep healthy,Jack takes exercise every morning.Lead-inTo-infinitiveFunctionsSample SentencesTo find a best friend is difficult.It is difficult t
2、o find a best friend.I need to sleep for eight hours every day.Please remember to write to me.SubjectObjectFunctionsSample SentencesI ask him to come over.He ordered Tom to leave at once.I have an important meeting to attend.I have two letters to write.AttributeObjectComplementFunctionsSample Senten
3、cesHis intention was to cheer me up.My job is to deliver letters.My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me.He worked hard to provide for his big family.PredicativeAdverbialThe to-infinitive often follows some verbs as the object of a sentence.Tipswant,hope,like,begin,start,try,forget,agre
4、e,learn,refuse,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,prefer,mean etc.Active VoicePassive VoiceBasicformto doto be donePerfect formto have doneto have been doneContinuous formto be doingOther forms of to-infinitivePractice我很高兴见到你。我很高兴见到你。据说据说Tom写过一本科幻小说。写过一本科幻小说。老师进来时老师进来时 Tom刚巧在大声说话。刚巧在大声说
5、话。I am glad to meet you.Tom is said to have written a science fiction story.Tom happened to be talking loudly when the teacher came in.Bare InfinitiveWe use the bare infinitive after：let,make and sometimes have eg.I let her borrow my book.She made me promise to write every day.The teacher often has
6、his students read aloud in class.(verbs of perception)feel,hear,see,observe,notice and watchI often see them play basketball together.I heard him sing in the next room yesterday.would rather,had better,and why notId rather stay at home instead of watching the film.Youd better tidy your bedroom.Why n
7、ot visit your cousin in Japan?We can use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and,or,except,but,than,rather than,as or like.I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left.We have nothing to do but watch TV.I prefer to stay at home rather th
8、an go to the dancing party.17 JanuaryDear Laura,I want _(thank)you for your last letter.I was very happy when I saw it in my mailbox.Im so glad I persuaded you _(talk)to Rachel.Isnt it wonderful _(have)good friends?Speaking of friends,Ive met some nice people here in London and I think we might beco
9、mePracticeto thankto talkto haveclose friends.I decided to write rather than _(e-mail)you about my new friends,because its always nice _(receive)a letter from someone special.I met Monica when I joined the school badminton team.We got on really well and soon a great friendship developed.e-mail to re
10、ceiveShe invited me _(go)to her house and _(watch)DVDs.We have been friends ever since.My other friend is Jane.She always lets me _(borrow)her Maths notes.You know I would rather _(visit)the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic!to go watch borrowvisitJane told me I had better _(spend)more time
11、studying,and I have been trying my best.How are you doing at school?I hope your results are still good.Why not _(write)to me and _(tell)me all about it?spendwritetellI cant wait _(see)you again.When are you coming to visit me?You had better _(make)it soon!Why not _(come)to London this Easter?We coul
12、d go to the amusement park or even to the circus!Take are,Sally to seemakecomeVerb-ing as a noun1.Verb-ing forms can be used as a noun in a sentence and function as follows:Sample SentencesUsagesSwimming is good for your health.As SubjectI love swimming in the sea.As ObjectI keep fit by swimming eve
13、ry day.After prep.Sample SentencesUsagesHer swimming is improving day by day.After PossessivesThe old man has to use a walking stick.Compound NounsSituations Verb-ing forms are usedWe use Verb-ing(not a infinitive),after the following words:admit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid
14、enjoy practise miss finish keep suggestcannot helpI cannot help wondering why she does not like me.look forward toI look forward to seeing you at the party.feel likeI dont feel like doing anything now.Common phrases used with Verb-ing forms:cannot standShe cannot stand seeing that boy.It is no use/g
15、oodIt is no use crying about your exam results now.put offI had to put off shopping for a while.keep onHe kept on asking me for my phone number.We can use a verb-ing or an infinitive after the following verbs with little difference in meaning but sometimes with some difference in meaning or usage su
16、ch as:continue prefer begin hate like start love(little difference)forget regret remember mean try go on(with some difference)Exercise for V-ing formsI first began _ Internet chat rooms about a year ago.I started _ regularly about months later,and now I chat on the Internet daily.I love _ chat rooms
17、 because sometimes I feel like _ to be someone else online.I love to create a visiting/to visitchattingvisitingpretendingnew identity for myself.Soon after visiting the chat rooms,I began to talk less to my real friends.I thought they were less exciting than my online friends.I usually enter the cha
18、t room at about 8 p.m.and continue _ all evening,sometimes until midnight.But usually my mum makes me _ at about 10 p.m.chatting/to chatstopMum discourages me from _ online.She says I spend an absurd amount of time online.My friends say so too.Maybe theyre right.Last week,I even forgot _ my English
19、essay.Mom says I had better _ exams,or she will sell the computer as punishment.to do passchattingAlthough I have fun with my online friends,I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends.HomeworkDo Part C2 on page 92 in workbook.Practice the infinitive and verb-ing forms.Preview the task.
