1、Endocrine system,CHAPTER 12,The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands，tissues and cells that are able to produce hormones .,Main endocrine glands:,Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pancreas islets Sex gland,SECTION A GENERAL INTRODUCTION,1. Mode of De
2、livery for Hormone and Chemical Classification of Hormones. 2. Characteristics of hormone Action. 3. Mechanisms of Hormone Action. 4. Control of Hormone Secretion,Hormone: are chemical messengers or signal molecules that are secreted by endocrine glands or cells.,Mode of Delivery for Hormone and Che
3、mical Classification of Hormones 1.1 Definition of Hormone and Mode of Delivery for Hormone,Mode of Delivery for Hormone:,Classical endocrine Paracrine Autocrine Neuroendocrine,1.2 Chemical Classification of Hormones, polypeptide and protein amines NE、E、T3、T4 etc. lipidic hormones steroids hormones
4、fatty acid derivative hormones,2. Characteristics of hormone Action,（First Messenger ）, transport information, high-effect amplification,1 TRH,105 TSH, specificity,Target Cells,Receptors, interaction,Synergistic action GH、E 、GC、glucagon Antagonistic action insulin Permissiveness catecholamine,glucoc
5、orticoid,cardiovascular system,Glucose ,Glucose ,3. Mechanisms of Hormone Action,Signal Transduction Mediated by Receptor,receptor activation signal transduction of hormone-receptor complex biological effect of target cell,Mechanisms: Signal Transduction Mediated by Membrane Receptor （Second Messeng
6、er ） Signal Transduction Mediated by Intracellular Receptor （Gene Expression）,1）AC - cAMP 2）PLC-IP3 and DAG, Signal Transduction Mediated by Membrane Receptor,Signal Transduction Mediated by Intracellular Receptor （Gene expression）,4. Control of Hormone Secretion Hypothalamus -Adenohypophysis- Targe
7、t gland Functional System Control by Feedback Control by Neurons,Long-loop feedback,Short-loop feedback,1.Hypothalamus and adenohypophysis 2.Hypothalamus and Neurohypophysis,SECTION B THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND,The pituitary gland (Hypophysis),Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis),Posterior
8、 pituitary (Neurohypophysis),1.Hypothalamus and adenohypophysis,1.1 Neuroendocrine Cells and Its Relation to Adenohypophysis,Hypothalamo-Pituitary Portal System,1.2 Hypothalamic Regulatory Peptide Definition : are neuropeptides secreted by hypothalamic neurons and can control hormone secretion of an
9、terior pituitary.,Hypothalamic Regulatory Peptide: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone (TRH) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Releasing Hormone (CRH) Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Growth Hormone-Release Inhibiting Hormone (GHRIH) Prolactin Release
10、-Inhibiiting Factor (PIF) Prolactin Releasing Factor (PRF) MRF MIF,Functions :,TRH TSH GnRH LH、FSH CRH ACTH GHRH GH GIH GH PIF PRL,1.3 Adenohypophysis Hormones,Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Growth hormone (GH
11、) Prolactin (PRL) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone(MSH), Growth Hormone (hGH) The physiologic functions of GH : 1) promotes growth of the entire body.,cell multiplication cell differentiation protein formation cartilage and bone growth,IGF-,GH,Insulin like growth factor ( IGF ),The physiological effec
12、ts of GH depend on age:,Young stage： GH Gigantism GH Dwarfishness,Adult stage ： GH Acromegaly,Dwarfishness (侏 儒 症),(巨人症),Gigantism,2) effect metabolism promotes protein formation Increase mobilization of fatty acid from adipose tissue and use fats for energy. Decrease rate of carbohydrate utilizatio
13、n by all or most cells, then increases the blood glucose level.,Regulation of GH Secretion：,1）Hypothalamus : GHRHGH GHRIHGH 2）Feedback : GH GHRH 、 IGF GHRIHGH IGF 3）Day night rhythm and Sleep: SWSGH；REMSGH 4）Metabolic factors: Glu、AA、FA GH,(2) Prolactin (PRL),The physiologic functions of PRL: promot
14、e galactophore growth during the gestation period , keep milk-secretion.,youthhood gestation period suckling period,2.Hypothalamus and Neurohypophysis,Hormones of Posterior Pituitary,AVP or ADH,Supraoptic nuclei,Paraventricular unclei,Oxytocin,2.1 Oxytocin (OXT),The physiologic functions of OXT： （1）Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells in the breasts which helps express milk from the glands of the breast during suckling.,（2） Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells in the uterus (at the end of gestation).,Ca,2+,OXT,1.进入“内分泌2” 2.返回“神经6”,3.结束,4.返回主菜单,
