1、Lesson SixPart of ManhattanskyscrapersStatue of LibertyThe Fifth Avenue（第五大道）（第五大道）Times Square（时代广场）（时代广场）Empire Building(帝国大厦）Central Park(中央公园）Wall Street(华尔街）ChinatownGeneral Analysis of the TextA piece of expository writing Textual structureTheme:Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of a
2、lternating moods,often in the same day.Style:objective and emotional descriptionTextual StructurePart I(paras 1-5)General introductionPart II(paras 6-21)Explanation Part III(para 22)Restating the theme General Questions on the Text1.Why does the writer say that NYC isnt the top anymore?2.In what fie
3、lds can New York no longer be regarded as the leading American city?3.What are its deficiencies as a pacesetter?4.Why do many Europeans call New York their favorite city?5.Why did the writer go and live in New York?6.Why do many people still go to New York?7.In what respects is New York still regard
4、ed as the leading American city?8.Why is New York called an international metropolis?Words and expressions of paras 1-4Pathetic:making you feel pity or sympathyBrag:to talk too much proudly about what you have done,what you own.Bush:(slang)unprofessional,cheap,petty.(the bushes:rural or small town d
5、istricts)Beget:to cause something or make it happenOut of phase:not in the state of exactly parallel movements,;not in harmonyOut of step:not conforming to a rhythm;not in conformity or agreementHoldout:(Americanism)a place that stands firm;not to yield)Common Denominator Land:uniformity;commonness,
6、sameness,the monotonous,the humdrumpreempt:(radio and TV)to tale over what was there beforecomeback:a return to a previous state or position,as of power,successNew Orleans superdomes(超圆形层顶体育场）Words and expressions of para.5Take to:to become fond of,to care for,to be attracted toAloof:at a distance b
7、ut in view;apart;Cosmopolitan complexities:the complex situation brought about by so many nationalities living togetherSurviving,aloof,European standards:the European standards that still exist in this city apart and removed from the standards of the rest of the StatesBilk:to cheat or swindleFrivolo
8、us:a person likes having fun rather than doing serious or sensible things 轻浮的Charged:tense;intenseDynamism:the quality of being energetic,vigorousWords and expressions of para.6About:in the nature of or character of a person or thingArticulate losers:losers who express their defeat loudly and clearl
9、yPut-down:(American slang)a belittling remark or crushing retortFoothold:a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged.Here it means a secure social positionA better address:here it stands for a house in a better residential areaBilling:the listing of the actors names on a poster or c
10、ircular advertising a play.Jostle:to push or knock against someone in a crowd,esp.so that you can get something or somewhere before other people(在人群中）挤，推 jostling proximity:so close as to bump and push each otherWords and expressions of para.7 New York was never Mecca to me Mecca:(pron.:/mk/;Arabic:
11、?,Makkah,pronounced mkk),also transliterated as Makkah,is the capital of Makkah Province in Saudi Arabia.As the birthplace of Muhammad and a site of the revelation of the Quran,45 Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory fo
12、r all able Muslims.Here is a metaphor,comparing New York to Mecca;and metonymy,standing for a place of holy pilgrimage,of a place one yearns to go to.Words and expressions of para.8Qualified:limited;Obscure:to dimJagged:having sharp projecting points(made by the towering skyscrapers)Tint:to colorGau
13、dily:garish,tawdrily,华丽而俗气Gamely:courageouslyEncroaching cement:advance beyond the usual limit 侵占，侵蚀Pristine:still not spoiled or damaged in any wayDisplace:move(people)forcibly from their homeland into a new or foreign environment.Vivacity:the quality or state of being vivacious;liveliness of spiri
14、t;animationTranquil:pleasantly calm,quiet,and peacefulCarnival:a noisy outdoor event at which you can ride on special machines and play games for prizes The citys bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens.Sunsets can be spectacular:oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey meadows and gaudi
15、ly reflected in a thousand windows on Manhattans jagged skyline.Words and expressions of para.9Beckon:to call or summon by a silent gestureMeasure up:to prove to be competent or qualifiedThe Ivy League is an athletic conference composed of sports teams from eight private institutions of higher educa
16、tion in the Northeastern United States.The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group.The eight institutions are Brown University,Columbia University,Cornell University,Dartmouth College,Harvard University,Princeton University,the University of Pennsylvania,and
17、Yale University.The term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence,selectivity in admissions,and social elitism.Words and expressions of para.10Banal:ordinary and not interesting,because of a lack of new or different ideas 平淡无奇的Constrict:compress,squeeze,become tightSqualor:the conditi
18、on of being dirty and unpleasant because of a lack of money pt care 肮脏，邋遢Plush:very comfortable,and of good quality 豪华的Grubby:fairly dirtyPrecincts:area around a place;neighborhoodFringe:periphery boundary 边缘Boutique:a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or other objects 精品店Estrange：to remove,
19、as from usual surroundings or associates;keep apart or away.SoHoA neighborhood in Lower Manhattan,New York City,notable for being the location of many artists;lofts and art galleries and also,more recently,for the wide variety of stores and shops ranging from trendy boutiques to outlets of upscale n
20、ational and international chain store,the name SoHo refers to the area being“South of Houston(Street)”.This naming convention has become a model for the names of new and emerging neighborhoods in New York.Words and expressions of para.11 In most aspects:from some points of view Ratify:prove,to make
21、a written agreement officially by signing Deplore:regret stronglyWords and expressions of para.12Catchy:easily caught and rememberedJingle:a short song used in advertisement(短歌）Expense-account restaurant:(Americanism)an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work
22、are paid for by his employer.（可记账报销的午餐）Adman:(Americanism)a man whose work or business is advertisingAncillary service people:connected with or supporting something else.辅助人员Brittle:showing no warm feelingsCondescend:do something that one considers to be below ones dignity 屈尊 Malleable:(of a person,
23、his ideas,etc.)easily influenced or damaged.Subway turnstile:a small gate thatspins around and only lets one person at a time go through an entrance(入口处的）旋转门Words and expressions of para.13Television generation:a generation of people who grew up watching and enjoying the TV.Hype:extravagant or exces
24、sive promotion 大肆宣传Scruple:a feeling of hesitancy,doubt,or uneasiness arising from difficulty in deciding what is right,proper.UnscrupulousArt for arts sake:The phrase means that the intrinsic value of art is not linked in anyway to a moral,didactic(说教的）or utilitarian purpose of function.It was Benj
25、amin Constant(1767-1830),a Swiss-born French writer,in an entry in his Journal Intime for February 11,1804 who first used this phrase lart pour lart.However,it was the French literary giant Gautier(1811-1872)who adopted this phrase as a slogan and popularized it.Words and expressions of para.15 Amen
26、ity:(usually plural)something that makes a place comfortable or easy to live in.生活设施，便利设施 Tawdriness:the state of being cheap and showy or gaudy.俗丽价廉 Succumb to:yield to Astir:on the moveWords and expressions of para.16Brusque:rough and abrupt,鲁莽，唐突Menace:a threat or an act of threateningCabana:a te
27、nt or small wooden structure used for changing clothes at a beach or pool（海滩或游泳池边供更衣的）帐篷，更衣室Antiseptically:untouched by life,its problems,emotions,etc.冷静客观地，不掺杂个人情感地Enclave:a small area that is within a larger area where people of different kinds or nationalities live（飞地）Hassle:inconvenienceDallas:L
28、ocated in North Texas,Dallas is a major city in the American South,it is the core of the largest inland metropolitan area in U.S.that lacks any navigable link to the sea.The citys prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries,and its position along num
29、erous railroad lines.Words and expressions of para.18Brace:to support or hold steadyCongested:overcrowded Encase:enclose 包装Democratic:treating people of all classes in the same way;not snobbishThe overwhelmed:at a loss what to doStrike up conversation:to start a conversationJealous of:very watchful
30、or careful in guarding or keeping.e.g.jealous of ones rightsTaunt:a scornful or jeering remarkMac:a common masculine name;here the person who shouts behind him actually doesnt know his real name.its a gesture of friendleness and cordiality.Words and expressions of para.19 Mongrel:(derog.)a dog that
31、is a mix of several different breeds;of mixed breed,race,origins or character 杂种 Play host to:to provide the place,food,etc.for a special meeting or event Tumultuous:full of activity,or violence 混乱的，骚乱的 Ellis Island precariously:depending upon circumstances;uncertainly;insecurely Ellis IslandEllis I
32、sland is a symbol of Americas immigrant heritage.From 1892 to 1954,this immigrant depot processed the greatest tide of incoming humanity in the nations history.Nearly twelve million landed here in their search of freedom of speech and religion,and for economic opportunity.Under management of the Nat
33、ional Park Service,the monument has been preserved for generations to come.Words and expressions of para.20 Wasps:White Anglo-Saxon Protestants(祖先是英国新教徒的美国人)sovereignties:all the different ethnic groups have their own little areas which they control or dominate Be reckoned with:must be dealt with an
34、d it is difficult.Subdue:to bring under subjection 征服Words and expressions of para.21Hybrid:am animal or plant produced from parents of different breeds or types 杂种Ethnic turf:a neighborhood area regarded by s street gang as its own territory to be defended against other gangsAdmixture:the same as“m
35、ixture”,a formal wordJar:to clash,disagree,quarrel sharplyJuxtaposition:putting things together,especially things that are not normally together 并列，并置High-rise:(Americanism)of a tall apartment house,office buildings,etc.of many storiesMean:poor in appearance;shabbyWriting Skills1)Lexically:full of A
36、merican English terms,phrases,and constructions in connection with the description and discussion of NYC,e.g.bush,hassle,holdout,comeback,put-down.Concise choice of words and expressions,vividAbundant use of proper nouns2)Syntactically:the objective and emotional descriptions are naturally combinedP
37、arentheses and appositives(同位语）同位语）are frequently used for further explanation,emphasis and for intensity of emotions.Direct speech goes naturally into the description and explanation to achieve vividness.3)Figures of speechHighly rhetorical article to inform,persuade,impress and motivate readers e.g.antonomasia:换称换称:一个专有名词，如果具有某些家喻户晓的特点，它就可以成为某一个专有名词，如果具有某些家喻户晓的特点，它就可以成为某种象征。种象征。The Big Apple.transferred epithet,synecdoche,euphemism,metaphor,simile,alliteration
