1、句子简单句并列句复合句复合句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念 定语从句定语从句：修饰前面某一名修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词结构：先行词 +关系词关系词 +句子句子修饰名词或代词的形容词修饰名词或代词的形容词定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boy定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句修饰名词或代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句定语从句Harry Porter is a boy who has
2、magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句结构：结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词 +句子句子被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词关系词的关系词的分类分类1.关系代词关系代词 2.2.关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when,where,why关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属
3、关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归纳总结归纳总结做题技巧做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分关系代词和关系副词的关系代词和关系副词的作用作用:1 引导定语从句引导定语从句,起起引导词引导词作用作用.2 代替被修饰词代替被修饰词.3 在从句中充当句子成分在从句中充当句子成分The boy who is reading is Tom.Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句
4、中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语主语宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语关系代词的讲解。关系代词关系代词先行词先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人 宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语
5、whose人或物人或物 定语定语 who指指人人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man who spoke to you is Tom.The man(who)we invited is Tom.whom指指人人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省在定语从句中作宾语，可省略略。The man(whom)we invited is Tom.关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的关系代词的基本用法基本用法 which 指指物物，在定语从句中作主语或宾，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略
6、。China is a country which has a long history.This book(which)he is using ismine.He is the man(that)I hit yesterday.that 指指人人或或物物，在定语从句中作主语、宾，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语语或表语。做宾语时，可省略。做宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.He is not the man that he used to be.whose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。不可省略。We live
7、 in a house whose windows face south.This is the girl whose English book was lost.exercises(5)Youd better buy vegetables from farmers _ grow them.(6)Dont drink water_ has not been boiled.(7)He saw a house_windows were broken.(8)The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables.(9)A fish _ has bright eyes
8、is fresh.who/thatwhich/thatwhosewho/thatwhich/that只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情况的情况 先行词为先行词为序数词序数词/形容词最高级形容词最高级或被这些词或被这些词修饰时。修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the highest building that has been built in the city.关系代词的注意点关系代词的注意点先行词是先行词是不定代词不定代词，如，如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,
9、nothing,none,some等等时。时。All that can be done has been done.先行词被先行词被any,all,every,no,none of,the only,the very,the just,(恰好恰好)等词修饰时。等词修饰时。The only thing that she can do is to study hard.先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the schools and teachers(that)they had visited.当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句。
10、开头的特殊疑问句。Who is the man that is reading the book?当先行词为主句的当先行词为主句的表语表语或者关系代词为从句的表或者关系代词为从句的表语时。语时。This is the book that was bought yesterday.Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.先行词前有先行词前有such或或the same修饰修饰This is the same bike that I lost a week ago.在在there+be 句型句型中中There are two novels that I want t
11、o read.我要读我要读的有两本小说的有两本小说 只能用只能用which不能用不能用that的情况的情况引导引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句时。时。Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over world.当关系代词前有当关系代词前有介词介词时。时。This is the house in which he lived.当先行词本身就是当先行词本身就是that时。时。That which you told me is what I want to know.只能用只能用who不能用不能用that的情况的情况先行词
12、是指人的不定代词时，如先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，all,anyone，no one,nobody,anybody,none等。等。All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those且指人时：且指人时：Those who want to go have to sign their names here.在在there be结构中，先行词指人时。结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young lady who asks for you.Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing p
13、ing-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/that(which/that)who/that(which/that)5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a
14、business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his friend talked about something_ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you k
15、now.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被当先行词被序数词序数词，最高级最高级等词修饰时，关系等词修饰时，关系代词只能用代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing unde
16、r the tree?7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是whowho或或whichwhich 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat课堂小结课堂小结关系副词的讲解关系副词关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表表时间时间的名词的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表表地点地点的名词的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表表原因原因的名词的名词原因状语原因状语A.wher
17、eB.whenC.thereD.which(2009 上海)34.Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed“The Magic Flute”are both museums now.句意：Mozart的出生地以及他创作魔笛的房子现在都成了博物馆。考查目标：考察句子结构的分析及定语从句的使用。应对策略：横线所在句子为定语从句，对先行词the house进行修饰。首先排除C，there不能充当连词。其次，分析定语从句句子结构，可见先行词在从句中充当地点状语，因此选择表地点的关系副词where。用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行
18、词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This i
19、s the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2.where用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom cou
20、ldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.3.why用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空1.The room _ he once lived is still there.The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day _ we spent
21、together.when/on which(that/which)The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3.The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.38.We went through a period_communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which（2008
22、 上海）【解析解析】此题考查定语从句的用法。Period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the period,表示时间，作句中的状语。which要在定语从句中作主语或宾语，而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with.A.定语从句中“介词+which”中介词的选择，一要看先行词，二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配，三要看句意。关系副词的用法关系副词的用法注意点注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用时，应用关系词关系词that 或省略。或省略。This is the first
23、 time _ the president has visited the country.(2)当当position，stage，point,situation,case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思等意思时，其后常由时，其后常由where引导定语从句，如：引导定语从句，如：Can you think of a situation _ this expression can be used?(that)where巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China
24、 was founded.2)Beijing is the place _ (_ _)I came.3)Is this the reason _(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which 4)Is this the room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many probl
25、ems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere定语从句的分类1.限定性定语从句限定性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限定作用对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分是不可缺少的成分,没有了附没有了附加信息加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事,在这样的从在这样的从句中句中不使用逗号不使用逗号.The house that I bought last year has got a lovely garden.2.2.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句非限制性定语从句起补充
26、说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开有逗号隔开，如，如若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，前后都需要用逗号若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，前后都需要用逗号隔开。隔开。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.翻译方法：翻译方法：限制性定语从句翻译在先行词前，限制性定语从句翻译在先行词前，非限制性定语从句翻译成一个独立的句子。非限制性定语从句翻译成一个独立的句子。如：如：1)The book that I bought yesterday is ve
27、ry interesting.（限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）我昨天买的那本书很有趣我昨天买的那本书很有趣。2）My brother,who is a soldier,is talking with my teacher.(非限制性定语从句）非限制性定语从句）我哥哥正在和我的老师谈话，他是当兵的。我哥哥正在和我的老师谈话，他是当兵的。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，十分密切，若若省去，省去，主句的意思就不明确主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非
28、限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book,which is easy to understand.(2)限制性定语从句的先行词限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词此时，一般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在在非
29、限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能语从句则不能。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词被介词短语所修饰的词。如：。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词关系代词还可以作还可以作介词的介词的宾语宾语。He has two daughters,the elder of whom is married.He
30、is ill,in spite of which he keeps on studying.as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.2.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.
31、I have the same plan as you.3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反，反之则用之则用which。e.g.She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She
32、has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词名词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：They live in a house,the door of which faces south.(2)代词代词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：There are four students in the classroom,all of whom are wor
33、king hard.(3)数词数词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级形容词比较级/最高级最高级+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.35.A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec.12,2012,_ the date,the month and the y
34、ear match.A.that B.on which C.in which D.which（2013 浦东新 一模）定语从句的特殊句 定语从句必须注意的特殊例子定语从句必须注意的特殊例子1.先行词为抽象概念先行词为抽象概念 situation,case,stage,point,position关系词要用关系词要用where,eg.Can you imaging the situation where/in which you can use the word.2.先行词为先行词为the way,关系词要用关系词要用that,in which 或省略或省略eg.Do you know the
35、way(that/in which/-)he worked the problem.定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。Is this school the one we visited that year?Is this the school that we visited that year?He is one of the students who are from the south.He is the(only)one of the students who is from the south.1、做题中首先要分清主句与从句；、做题中首先要分清主句与从句；2、
36、分析从句中缺少什么成分；、分析从句中缺少什么成分；3、再看先行词是人，还是物、再看先行词是人，还是物 4、限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可、限制性定语从句中，关系代词做宾语时可以省略；以省略；5、还要注意关系代词做主语时动词变形跟先、还要注意关系代词做主语时动词变形跟先行词统一。行词统一。宾语从句的区分和练习 34 Three is much truth in the idea-kindness is usually served by frankness.A why B which C that D whether（2012 上海）39 youll find taxis at the b
37、us station -you can hire to reach Your host family.A which B where C when D as(2011 上海)38.In Canada,cross country skiing is a popular sport among people _ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.A.that B.where C.whom D.which（2013 虹口 一模）35.Being from a family _ produced great actors,its no wonder tha
38、t she quickly found her way into the spotlight.A.whoB.where C.whatD.which（2013 黄埔一模）38.Nowadays,youll notice a phenomenon _ a lot of people are wearing jeans to concerts.A.where B.that C.if D.whether（2013 宝山）39.Was it the boys passion for playing the piano in his childhood _ led him to be a music college student?A.whichB.that C.whatD.When（2013 长宁）Thank youThank you
