1、高考英语阅读理解高考英语阅读理解 主旨大意解题方法与技巧主旨大意解题方法与技巧 A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice.Mother mouse barked fiercely,“Woof,woof,woof!”the cat was so frightered that it ran for its life.Mother mouse turned to her ba
2、bies and said,“Now,do you understand the value of a foreign language?”What is the story mainly about?It is important to learn a foreign language.主旨主旨大意大意 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在解程度及在速读速读中准确把握文章中准确把握文章主旨主旨大意大意的能力以及的能力以及辨别辨别主要信息和次要信息的能主要信息和次要信息的能力。力。干扰项干扰项1.以偏概全以偏概全2.概括过度概括过度3.无中生有无中
3、生有4.以己度人以己度人The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?The best title for the passage might be Which of the following is the best title for this passage?The passage is mean
4、t to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.设问方式设问方式命题方式命题方式1.主题型主题型2.标题式标题式3.目的类目的类1)1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 解题方法解题方法 主题句主题句定位法定位法How to find the topic sentences?Features：1).1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括性；相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括性；2).2).主题句一般结构简单；主题句一般结构简单；3).3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相 互
5、题句所表达的思想的。互题句所表达的思想的。Sample 1 Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemi
6、cals.(1)主题句在主题句在文首文首 开头开头主题主题+论证性论证性细节细节。应用文应用文 书信书信 说明文说明文 科技文献科技文献 新闻报道新闻报道1)1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在主题句在文首文首 解题方法解题方法Sample 2 Some people like reading,and some people like swimming.I have many hobbies,such as reading,skating,and traveling.In fact,different people have different hobbies.My fr
7、iend Ann studies very hard.So her hobby is reading all kinds of books.Tony loves working withher hands,and his hobby is gardening.（2 2）主题句在）主题句在文中文中 例子例子 /问题（问题（铺垫铺垫）-主题主题提出提出-进一步进一步解释说明解释说明 说明文说明文 科技文献科技文献 研究报告研究报告提示词提示词 1)转折关系的词转折关系的词-后后 but,yet,however,in fact,actually,indeed,.2)总结性，结论性的词总结性，结论性的
8、词-后后 in brief，in short,after all,all in all,to sum up,in conclusion,in a word，so,therefore.3)表研究成果的词表研究成果的词-内容内容 show,indicate,suggest,according to.4）举例子的词举例子的词-前前 for example,for instance,take.as an example,.提示词提示词1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文中 解题方法解题方法Sample 3 When you are poor,
9、you can also say you are very happy,because you have something else that can t be bought with money.When you meet with difficulties,you can say loudly you are very happy,because you have more chances to challenge yourself.So you should always say you are happy.（3）主题句在）主题句在文末文末 事实依据事实依据-层层推理层层推理-得出得出
10、结论结论(主题主题)广告类广告类 哲理性故事哲理性故事1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文中主题句在文末主题句在文末 解题方法解题方法Sample 4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cau
11、se other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer，cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?（4 4）主题句在）主题句在首尾首尾 主题主题-进一步引申进一步引申-主题主题 议论文议论文1)主旨大意题主旨大意题
12、主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文中主题句在文末主题句在文末主题句在首尾主题句在首尾 解题方法解题方法2)2)标题式标题式 解题方法解题方法 选帽原选帽原则则概括性、全面性、针对性概括性、全面性、针对性 反向推断反向推断法法(5)高频词高频词围绕某个围绕某个主题主题展开的展开的-反复出现的中心词，反复出现的中心词，即即高频词高频词，也叫也叫做主题词做主题词 Sample 5Everyone can experience anger sometimes.But not everyone can control it properly.To some peopl
13、e,controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do.Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind,when you experience unwanted feeling.By talking it over in your ownhead you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.Anger control can also be achieved by communica
14、ting with others with honesty.You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things.It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore,controling it is the real challenge.1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文中主题句在文
15、末主题句在文末主题句在首尾主题句在首尾 无明显主题句无明显主题句 高频词高频词 解题方法解题方法 Mothers Day was coming,a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给电邮给)to his mother who lived two hundred miles away.As he got out of his car,he noticed a young girl sobbing(啜泣啜泣).He asked her what was wrong with her and she r
16、eplied,“I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother.But I only have seventy-five cents,and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said,“Come on in with me.Ill buy you a rose.”After they went in,he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother.As they were leaving,he off
17、ered to ride the girl home.She said,“Yes,please!But can you take me to my mother?”“To your mother?”the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything.She directed him to a cemetery(公墓公墓),where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave(新坟新坟).The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop,cance
18、led(取消取消)the wire order,picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mothers house.1)主旨大意题主旨大意题 主题句定位法主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文中主题句在文末主题句在文末主题句在首尾主题句在首尾 无明显主题句无明显主题句 高频词高频词 文章中心要素文章中心要素-全面全面 解题方法解题方法3)3)目的类目的类 解题方法解题方法 主旨推主旨推断法断法 文体文体推推断法断法3)3)目的类目的类 文体推断法文体推断法 解题方法解题方法1.记叙文记叙文-tell a story or lessen;entertain readers;share an experience;show sth2.说明文说明文、新闻新闻-inform;introduce3.议论文议论文-argue;persuade;4.应用文应用文-provide some information or advice5.广告广告-advertise;attract readers
