1、考点精讲精练动词动词是表示人和事物的动作或状态的词，具有人称、数、时态、语态等语法范畴。动词经常充当句子的谓语或谓语的组成部分。动词可分为助动词、连系动词、情态动词和行为动词四类。考点一 连系动词连系动词本身具有一定的词汇意义，但不能在句子中单独作谓语，它必须和表语一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。连系动词后面的表语绝大多数是形容词，此外还可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式和现在分词等。be 动词表示主语状态，用法口诀：我用 am,你用 are,is 连着他、她、它。单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are.变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后 not 莫忘
2、记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。look,taste,smell,sound 和 feel 等感官动词，可以用作连系动词，后面常接形容词作表语。如：The sculptures look real.这个雕塑看起来很逼真。The moon cake tastes good.这个月饼真好吃。Your answer sounds right.你的回答听起来是对的。另外，look like 和 sound like 后面可接名词或名词短语，意为“看起来/听起来像”。如：Frank looks like a doctor.弗兰克看起来像一个医生。It sounds like a good idea.
3、这听起来像是个好主意。Keep，remain,stay用作连系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,如：You should do more exercise to keep healthy.你应该多锻炼身体，保持健康。This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。get,turn 和 become 用作连系动词，表示主语变成什么样。turn 一般用于表示颜色的变化，如 turn red/yellow；表示天变黑要用 get 或 grow；表示天气变暖或变冷用 become 或 get；表示天变长或变短一般用 get。等动词也可以用作连系动词。如：When wi
4、nter comes,the days get shorter.冬天来临的时候，白天就变短了。You should do more exercise to keep healthy.你应该多锻炼身体，保持健康。The leaves turn green when spring comes.春天来了，树叶变绿了。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的校园变得越来越美丽了。对点精练：(A )1.-Your mother _ younger than she is.-Thank you for saying so.A.looks B.li
5、stens C.sees D.hears(B )2.What do you think of the dish I cooked for you?I havent had it yet.However,it good.A.tastes B.smells C.sounds D.feels（A）3.-Do you like the songs by Taylor？-YesCountry music_nice and full of feelingsAsounds Blistens Chears Dlooks（C）4.The air _ fresh after the rain.And the sk
6、y is blue.A.feelsB.tastesC.smellsD.sounds（D）5.When spring comes,trees begin to _ green.A.soundB.tasteC.keepD.turn考点二 情态动词情态动词有一定的词汇意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能与另一个动词一起构成合成谓语。情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则放在助动词之前；在疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。如：What can I do for you?我能为你做什么？The flowers should be watered every day.每天都应该给这些花浇水。情态动
7、词有四种特征：1.没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)；2.其后应接原形动词；3.变为一般疑问句时把其移到句首；4.变为否定句时在其后加 not。如：Wu Pingping can go there with us.吴萍萍可以跟我们一块去那里。May I go now,Mum？妈，我现在可以去吗？You mustnt play football in the street.Its dangerous.在街上不准踢足球，太危险。情态动词主要有 can(could),may(might),must,need,have to,shall(should),will(would)等。几个的重要情态
8、动词的具体用法(1)can 和 could 的用法表示能力。如：I can use the computer now.我现在会用计算机了。Can you play the piano at the age of ten?你十岁时会弹钢琴吗？注意：be able to 也表示能力，可用于各种时态。如：They werent able to find the right way.他们找不到正确的路。We shall be able to finish the work next week.我们下周应该可以完成工作。在口语中，can 常代替may,表示“许可”；cant/mustnt 表示“不准”，
9、但 mustnt 语气更强。如：You can/may go now.你现在可以走了。In the library,you cant/mustnt talk loudly.在图书馆里你不准大声说话。有礼貌地提出请求（用于疑问句），常用could。如：Could you be here at 7:00 tomorrow morning?你明天早上7点钟到这里好吗？谈论可能性。如：The ping-pong bat cant be Lilys for she never plays ping-pong.这个兵乓球拍不可能是莉莉的，因为她从来不打乒乓球。注意：can 在疑问句和否定句中还有惊讶、怀疑
10、等含义、如“Can it be true?这是真的吗？对点精练：（D）6.-Look at the young lady in redIs it Mrs.King？-No，It _ be herShe is wearing a white dress todayAcanBmayCmustDcant（C）7.Please dont make so much noiseI_hear the speaker very wellAneednt Bmustnt Ccant Dshouldnt（A）8What does Justin Biebers song Never Say Never impress
11、 you most？It tells us that we_do almost anything if we never give upAcan Bhave to Cshould Dneed（B）9.-Mum,I play football this afternoon?-Sure,but you finish your homework first.A.may;couldB.can;mustC.can;mustntD.may;cant(A )10.-Jack,_ you ride a bike?-Yes,I can.A.can B.may C.need D.must(A )11.-Could
12、 you please sweep the floor,Tom?-Sorry,mum,I_.Im doing my homework.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not（2）may 和 might 用法表示允许或请求允许。如：You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。May I play computer this evening?我今晚可以玩电脑吗？在回答 may 的问句时，常用 mustnt 作为否定答复，表示“不允许”。如：May I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗？No,you mustnt.Its too dangerous
13、.不，不可以。这样太危险了。表示可能性（说话人的猜测）。如：He may/might come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。（might 比may表示的可能性更低，更没有把握）（A）12.Is Mr.Brown driving here?Im not sure.He _ come by train.A.mayB.shallC.needD.must（D）13.Ladies and gentlemen，let me,if I ,introduce you my manager,Bill Wealth.A.will B.should C.must D.may（B）14.-where are y
14、ou going this month?-We _ go to Xiamen,but were not sure.A.neednt B.might C.must D.mustnt(B )15.May I play computer games,Mom?No,you .A.dont B.cant C.wouldnt D.wont(C )16.-Have you decided which high school to choose?-Not yet.I _ go to Guangming High School.A.must B.shouldnt C.may D.neednt(A )17.If
15、you wish,you _ come in and have a cup of coffee.A.mayB.must C.would D.should(B )18.Mum,_ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?-Im afraid you cant.It is closed on Monday.A.must B.may C.should D.need（3）must 的用法表示“必须”。如：Everybody must arrive on time.大家必须准时到达。I must go now.我现在必须要走了。注意：表示“不必”时应用neednt；在回答mu
16、st 的问句时，要用neednt 作为否定答复，不能用mustnt。如：Must I stay in bed all day?我一定要整天躺在床上吗？No,you neednt.不，你不需要。mustnt 表示禁止，相当于“不允许，不应该“。如：You mustnt lend my book to others.你不可以把我的书借给别人。表示推测，语气比may 更肯定，只用在肯定句中。如：He must be at home now.他现在肯定在家。注意：表示否定猜测时要用 cant，而不用 mustnt。在表示客观需要时，用 have to 而不用 must。另外，have to 有人称和数
17、的变化。如：He has to get up early every day.他得每天早起。对点精练：(D )19.You wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.A.cant B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.have to（C）20.I still havent found my pet dog.Im sorry to hear that.You _ be very sad.A.can B.should C.must D.will（D）21 Sorry,Miss Liu.I left my workbook at home.Must
18、 I hand it in today?No,you _.You _ bring it here tomorrow.Amustnt；should Bcant；must Cmustnt；may Dneednt；can(C )22.Nowadays.all passengers _go through safety check before take a train.A.can B.may C.must D.will(C )23.You park here!Look at the sign,it says“No parking”.Sorry,I didnt notice that sign jus
19、t now.A.wont B.neednt C.mustnt D.couldnt(A )24.-I have a serious headache._ I go to school?-No,you neednt.A.Must B.Can C.Should D.May（B）25Dad，can we walk _ the road now？No，we_We have to wait until the light turns greenAacross；neednt Bacross；mustntCthrough；cant Dthrough；mustnt（4）shall 的用法用于第一人称的疑问句，征
20、求听话人的意见、看法或请求指示。如：Where shall I wait for you?我要在哪儿等你呢？Lets go to play basketball,shall we?我们一起去打篮球，好吗？过去式 should 经常表示“应当”。如：We should listen carefully in class.在课堂上我们应该专心听讲。考点三 名词所有格（表示人或物的隶属和拥有关系，翻译为“.的”）。（5）will 的用法 用于第二人称的疑问句，表示请求、建议或征求听话人的意见如：Will you go with me?你会和我一起去吗？Open the window,will you
21、?把窗户打开，好吗？would 是 will 的过去式，表示请求或个人想法时，比 will 的语气更加委婉。如：Would you like another cup of tea?你要再来一杯茶吗？（6）need 的用法 need 用作情态动词时，只用于疑问句或否定句中，其否定形式是 neednt,疑问式是将 need 提到句首。如：You neednt give it back to me before Friday.你不必在星期五前还给我。Need you go so soon?你需要这么快就走吗？need 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 neednt。如：Need I
22、 go there,too?我也需要去那儿吗？Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的，你必须（去）。/不，你不需要（去）。need 除用作情态动词外，还可用作实义动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。此时它与其他实义动词一样，有人称和数的变化，其否定形式是在前面加 dont，doesnt 或 didnt，疑问句要借助于助动词 do，does或 did。如：We need some help.我们需要帮助。Does she need help?她需要帮助吗？You dont need to write to him.你不必给他写信了。need 用作实义动词，后面接另一动词作
23、宾语时，通常要用不定式。如：we need to protect our environment.我们需要保护我们的环境。对点精练：(C )26.Will you stay for some more days?Sorry，I .My mother called to ask me to go back at once.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.wouldnt(D )27.Tim and I will visit the exhibition this weekend.Would you like to Join us?.A.Well done.B.Thats r
24、ight.C.Youre welcome D.Id love to.(D )28.You _ return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.A.have to B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt(B )29.As middle school students,we _ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dream come true.A.must B.shouldnt C.need D.mustnt考点三 行为动词行为动词有自己的词汇意
25、义，并能单独作谓语。它可进一步分为及物动词和不及物动词；延续性动词和非延续性动词。根据动词本身能不能接宾语，动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不能直接接宾语，如要接宾语，要注意与介词搭配。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。What happened yesterday？昨天发生了什么？Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。(2)及物动词后面必须接宾语，且有被动语态。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。如：接单宾语：Hes reading a magazine.他正在看一本杂志。接双宾语：Mr.Zhang teac
26、hes us English.张老师教我们英语。接复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)：We often hear him sing in the park.我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。根据动作发生过程的长短，实义动词还可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。(1)延续性动词又称持续性动词，它所表示的是一种持续的动作。如：learn(学),work(工作),stand(站立),lie(位于),walk(步行),run(跑),wait(等待),smoke(吸烟),watch(观看),sing(唱歌),read(读书),sleep(睡觉),live(居住)等。(2)非延续性动词表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结
27、束。此类动词不能与一段时间，for一段时间，since.,how long.等时间状语连用。如：come(来),go(去),leave(离开),arrive(到达),break(打破),lose(丢失),give(给),join(加入),receive(接收),buy(买),borrow(借),finish(结束),begin(开始)等。对点精练：(C)30.Mrs.Zhang,how long may I _ the book?For two days.Aborrow Blend Ckeep Dkept(D)31.They _ the small town first,then my bro
28、ther _ there.Aarrived;arrived at Barrived in;got to Carrive at;got to Dreached;got 易混的常考动词辨析1.say,speak,talk和tell的区别和用法(1)say 意为“说话”，是及物动词，强调说话的内容。如：He said he would go there.他说他会去那儿。Its time to leave.We have to say goodbye to you.是时候走了，我们得跟你说再见了。(2)speak意为“说话”，一般为不及物动词，作及物动词时，后面接某种语言作宾语。如：Do you sp
29、eak English?你说英语吗？May I speak to Mr Pope,please?请问我可以找波普先生接电话吗？(3)talk 意为“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to,about,with 等连用，然后接宾语。如：What are you talking about?你们在谈什么？Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.杰克逊先生现在正和我爸爸在办公室里谈话。(4)tell 意为“告诉，讲述”，是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。如：She told us an interesting story yesterda
30、y.她昨天给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.老师告诉我，我们下个月将会进行一次英语考试。My teacher tells me not to be late again and again.老师叫我不要屡次迟到。2.look,see,watch 和 read 的区别和用法（1）look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at 连用，然后接宾语。如：Look!The girl is swimming in the lake.看！那个女孩在湖里游泳呢。Look at
31、the picture carefully.Can you find something unusual?仔细看图，你能发现什么不寻常的吗？（2）see 意为“看见”，强调的是结果。如：They cant see the words on the blackboard.他们看不到黑板上的字。Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?莉莉星期天经常去看电影吗？（3）watch 意为“观看，注视”。如：The twins are watching TV now.这对双胞胎正在看电视。He will go to watch a volleyball mat
32、ch.他要去看一场排球比赛。（4）read 意为“看书，看报；阅读”。如：Dont read in the sun.不要在太阳底下看书。I like to read newspapers when I am flee.我空闲的时侯喜欢读报纸。3.borrow,lend和keep 的区别和用法（1）borrow 意为“借入”，常与from 连用，是瞬间动词，即瞬间就能完成的动作。如：Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.梅梅刚从图书馆借了一本书。May I borrow your dictionary?我可以借用你的字典吗？（2）len
33、d 意为“借出”，常与to 连用，和 borrow 一样是瞬间动词。如：Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr Li.王叔叔把他的车借给了李先生。Could you lend us your radio,please?请问你可以把收音机借给我们吗？（3）keep 意为“保存”，是持续性动词。如：How long can the recorder be kept?这台录音机可以保留多久？I have kept the book for two weeks.我已经借了这本书两个星期了。4.bring,take,carry和get的区别和用法（1）bring意为“拿来，带
34、来”，指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。如：Bring me the book,please.请把书本带给我。May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?下周六我可以带吉姆来见你吗?(2)take 意为“拿走，带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带到”或“拿到”别处之意。如：It is going to rain.Take a raincoat with you.要下雨了，你要带上雨衣。Mother took the little girl to the next room.妈妈把小女孩带到隔壁的房间。(3)carry 意为“带着；搬运；携带”，指随身携带，有“背扛抱
35、提”之意,不表明往来的方向。如：Do you always carry a handbag?你总是拿手提包吗？The box is heavy,Can you carry it?这个箱子很重，你搬得动吗？（4）get是指去某处将某物拿回来。如：Please go to my office to get some chalk.请到我办公室拿些粉笔There is no water in the bottle.Why not get some?瓶子里没水了，为什么不取些回来呢？5.wear,put on和dress 的区别和用法（1）wear意为“穿着，戴着”，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手表
36、、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。如：Tom always wears black shoes.汤姆经常穿黑色的鞋子。He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.他即使在晴天也穿着雨衣。She doesnt like to wear a red flower in her hair.她不喜欢在头发上戴一朵红花。（2）put on 意为“穿着，戴上”，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等，着重于穿戴的动作。如：Its cold.Youd better put on your coat.天很冷，你最好把大衣穿上。He put on his hat and went o
37、ut of the room.他戴上帽子，走出房间。（3）dress 可以作及物动词和不及物动词，意为“穿着，打扮”。作“穿着，解时，为不及物动词，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套等。作及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服，即dress sb.(给某人穿衣服)。而wear 作“穿着”解时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.(穿着戴着某物)。如：She always dresses well.她总是打扮得很漂亮。Get up and dress quickly.快点起床穿衣服。Mary is dressing her child.玛丽正在给她的孩子穿衣服。6.tak
38、e,spend,pay和cost的区别和用法（1）take指做某事花多少时间，句型是：It takestookwill take+sb.+some time+to do sth.如：It took me three days to finish the work.我花了三天的时间完成这项工作。It will take you a whole week to travel through the forest.穿越这片森林会花掉你一整个星期的时间。It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.坐飞机去上海只需一个小时。（2）spend 指某人在某事(物)上花
39、费时间或金钱。句型是：sb.spend(s)+moneytime+on sth.(in)doing sth.如：She spent more than 500yuan on that coat.她花500多块买了那件大衣。He didnt spent much time on his lessons.他没在功课上花太多时间。He spent much time(in)correcting students exercises.他花了很多时间改学生的练习。Mother spent her evenings(in)washing clothes.妈妈把晚上的时间花在洗衣服上。（3）pay意为“付款
40、，花钱”，常与for 连用。如：How much did you pay for the car?你买这辆车花了多少钱？I will pay the bill.我会付账的。（4）cost意为“价值；花费”，主语一般是表示物的名词。如：The house costs 5,000 dollars.这套房子价值5000 美元。The dictionary cost me 100 yuan.这本字典花了我100块钱。7.reach,get和arrive的区别和用法(1)reach是及物动词，后面要直接表示地点的名词作宾语。如：After the train had left,they reached
41、the station.火车开走了，他们才到达车站。We reached the top of the mountain at last.最后我们到达了山顶。（2）get 是不及物动词，常与to 连用，再接名词；后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to.get to 常用于口语中。如：When the students got to the cinema,the film had begun.学生们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。My sister was cooking when my mother got home.当我的妈妈回到家的时候，我的姐姐正在做饭。（3）arrive 是不及物动词，表达到达
42、一个小地方时用arrive at.到达一个大地方时用arrive in。如：The soldiers arrived at a small village.士兵们来到了一个小村庄。The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.外宾们明天将到达上海。8.used to 和be used to 的用法（1）used to do sth.表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I used to be interested in playing computer games.我过去对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。(隐含的意思是现在对玩电脑游戏不感兴趣
43、了。)（2）be used to+n./v.-ing,意为“习惯于”如：He is used to swimming in winter.他习惯冬天游泳。（3）be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth.,意为“被用来做某事”。如:Knives are used to cut things.=Knives are used for cutting things.刀子被用来切东西。巧辩只在一言中1.He looked around,but saw nothing.他环顾四周，却什么也没看见。2.He listened,but could hear nothi
44、ng.他侧耳细听，却什么也没听到。3.The old man raised his head,facing the rising sun.老人抬起头，面向冉冉升起的太阳。4.He received her invitation but didnt accept it.他收到了她的请柬，但没有接受。5.Will you lend me the book you borrowed from the library yesterdays?可以把你昨天从图书馆借的那本书借给我吗?6、Electricity was not discovered by Edison,but he invented the
45、 electric light.电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。对点精练：（C）32.How long can I _ this book?Five days.But you must return it on time.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.kept(D)33Im sorry，Mr HuI _ my English exercise book at homeIt doesnt matterPlease remember _ it here this afternoonAforgot；to bring Bleft；to takeCforgot；to take D
46、left；to bring（D）34.-The government is plenty of money building the countryside.-We are pleased with the governments efforts.A.costing B.paying C.taking D.spending（B）35.Remember to _ the lights leave the room.OK!I will.A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down（C）36.Its cold outside,Sandy.Youd better
47、 _ your coat to keep warm.A.put upB.put out C.put on D.put away(A)37Our country is taking action to _ air pollution.A.cut down B.cut up C.cut out D.cut off(A A)38Would you like to attend the farewell party next week，Mr.Huang？Sure，Id love toI have no reason to _ your invitation Aturn down Bturn off C
48、turn up Dturn on中考探究（）1.Mum,shall we go to the beach tomorrow?It _ the weather.（2015 广东）A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds onC（）2.Look!The traffic light has turned red.We _ stop our car.（2015 广东）A.can B.cant C.must D.mustntC（）3.-Mom,_I visit the art museum next Monday?-Im afraid you cant.A
49、ll museums in the city are closed on Monday.（2016广东）A.would B.need C.should D.mayD D（）5.Murder and Susan_for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.（2016广东）A.put off B.fell off C.set off D.kept off C C（）5.To keep children safe,we put the things like knives and medicine away in our house.（2017广东）A.may B.should C.can D.mightB B过关测试（）（2017上海）1._ I park my car here for a while?No,you mustnt.Do you see the sign“NO PARKING”?A.Would B.May C.Must D.ShouldB（）（2017河南）2.-I dont care what people think.-Well,you _.Youre not alone in this world.A.can B.may C.should D.willC
