1、renowned for his courage,imagination,oratory and intellectStructural AnalysisKEY TO EXERCISESText comprehension(P5-6)I.Decide which of the following best states the speakers purpose.B.II.Judge,according to the text,whether the following statements are true or false.1.T.Refer to the last sentence of
2、the first paragraph.2.T.Refer to the second paragraph.3.F.Refer to Paragraphs 4.Imaginative people sometimes are pessimistic,as they see things far worse than they are and foresee more dangers than there will be.4.F.Refer to Paragraph 5.At the beginning of the German continual,intense air raids many
3、 nations thought that Britain was finished.But to their surprise,Britain stood the ordeal and this miracle changed the view of those nations.III.Answer the following questions.1.Because he understands that the war is long and tough:it is not to end in months but in years.He tells the people there th
4、at however long the war lasts,the final victory belongs to Britain.But at the same time he makes it clear that not every day is an opportunity to take action:they have yet to wait and persevere.2.For one thing when Britain came under the heavy air attacks by Germany,many other nations thought that B
5、ritain was finished.As the country stood the ordeal to their great surprise,those nations changed their view.For another,people now start to see the hope of the final victory as long as they persevere to the end,as opposed to their pessimistic mood in the past as evidenced by the term darker days in
6、 a school song and by the authors suppression of his desire to change it.3.Because the author has a strong conviction of victory.The two terms have different implications.When used in the text to refer to the days of war,darker days emphasizes the dark/negative side of the event and shows the users
7、pessimism.Sterner days,though identical in its reference,suggests the bright side and shows the users optimism.IV.Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1.Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy!2.we are
8、 sure to experience both Triumph and Disaster,and we must treat them as the same thing taking different appearances because they are essentially interchangeable.3.never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so.4.Other nations thought that Britain was complet
9、ely conquered.5.we will win as long as we hold on to the end.Structural analysis of the text(P6)This text can be divided into three parts.Part I(Paragraph 1)is the opening remarks in which Churchill summarized the great events that had happened in the past ten months and the purpose of his second vi
10、sit to Harrow School.Part II(Paragraphs 2-5)is the body of the speech in which he analyzed the world situation and how other countries looked at Britain and then called on the British people not to give in.Part III(Paragraphs 6-8)is the closing remarks in which he told the audience that he wanted to
11、 change a word in the additional verse of the school song and explained why he wanted to do it.Rhetorical features of the text(P6)The following antonyms are used in the speech:ups/downs,short/long,triumph/disaster,great/small,large/petty,dark days/great days.Some of these antonyms(e.g.ups/downs)are
12、used to describe the terrible nature of the war,some of them(e.g.great/small,large/petty)are used to express the determination of the British people to fight on for the final victory,and some of them(e.g.dark days/great days)are used to encourage the audience not to lose hope in the face of difficul
13、ties.Vocabulary exercises(P6-8)I.Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1.encourage 2.situation,circumstances 3.threat 4.good 5.a sudden small movement because of pain or fear 6.dare to express at the risk of denialII.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given
14、 words.1.catastrophically 2.deceptive 3.convictions 4.apparently 5.perseverance 6.flinches 7.ventured 8.sterner III.Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1.put.through 2.addressed himself to 3.was going through 4.Throwing our minds back t
15、o 5.yielded to 6.close an account 7.ups and downs 8.misfortunesIV.Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1.current 2.shown 3.frequently 4.depressed 5.try harder 6.takes in Grammar exercises(P8-9)II.Improve the following sentences.1.Skateboarding is both exciting and da
16、ngerous.2.The school teaches shorthand,bookkeeping and the use of business machines.3.The nurse wrote down my name,address and age.4.The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because of the faulty syntax.5.Marian could not decide whether to start college fig
17、ht after high school or to get a job first.6.The Allies decided to invade Italy and then to launch a massive assault on the Normandy coast.7.The actor was stunned not only by the noise of booing but also by the sight of flying tomatoes.8.Smoking cigarettes can be as dangerous as playing Russian roul
18、ette.III.Combine the sentences in each of the following sets into a compound sentence,using parallel construction if possible.1.Heidi Ross was both rich and powerful.2.Most of the floggings and lynchings occur at harvest time,when fruit hangs heavy and ripe,when the leaves are red and gold,when nuts
19、 fall from the trees,when the earth offers its best.3.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat.4.Black people in America have been neglected and underestimated for years,but their recent accomplishments in a variety of fields have made black power real and black pride possible.IV.Put t
20、he following into the negative.1.Dont let us speak of darker days.2.Dont miss your appointment without letting the doctor know in advance.3.Dont use more water than necessary.4.Dont!et the children go swimming alone.5.Dont cross the street without looking carefully.6.Dont drive your car without a li
21、cense.V.Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below,keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.1.It seemed that nobody knew what had happened.It seems to me that I have been neglecting my duty.2.She seems an unusually clever girl.It seems to me a marvelous book.Translation(P9
22、-10)I.Translate the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1.I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the young man never turned up.2.You cannot tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavourable to us or not.3.The soldie
23、r,who stood in the gap in every battle,gained the highest honors of the country.4.The chairman spoke so forcefully that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.5.They are well-to-do now,but along the way they had their ups and downs.6.There are two questions to which I will address myself i
24、n this lecture.7.We are planning a big Christmas party in your honour.8.Heating that tune threw my mind back to my childhood.II.Translate the following passage into Chinese.他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。但是，他们告诉我们，我们很弱小，无法对付如此强大的敌人。但是，我们什么时候才能强我们什么时候才能强 大一些呢大一些呢?是下个星期吗是下个星期吗?是明年吗是明年吗?是是我们完全被解除武装之时吗我们完全被解除
25、武装之时吗?犹豫不决、无所作为就能使我们犹豫不决、无所作为就能使我们积聚力量吗积聚力量吗?难道只有仰面而卧，心存幻想，直至让敌人捆住难道只有仰面而卧，心存幻想，直至让敌人捆住我们的手脚，我们才能找到有效的抵御办法吗我们的手脚，我们才能找到有效的抵御办法吗?先生们，假如先生们，假如我们适当地运用造物主赋予我们的力量，我们就不弱小。我我们适当地运用造物主赋予我们的力量，我们就不弱小。我们拥有们拥有300万为争取神圣自由而武装起来的人民，我们拥有这万为争取神圣自由而武装起来的人民，我们拥有这样的国家，这是敌人可能派遣来的任何军队都无法战胜的。样的国家，这是敌人可能派遣来的任何军队都无法战胜的。战争的
26、胜利不仅仅属于强者，胜利还属于警觉的人、主动的战争的胜利不仅仅属于强者，胜利还属于警觉的人、主动的人、无畏的人。先生们，我们已别无选择。即使我们卑躬屈人、无畏的人。先生们，我们已别无选择。即使我们卑躬屈膝，指望从战争中脱身，也为时已晚。除了屈服，沦为奴隶，膝，指望从战争中脱身，也为时已晚。除了屈服，沦为奴隶，我们没有退路我们没有退路!战争已迫在眉睫战争已迫在眉睫让它到来吧让它到来吧!先生们，请允先生们，请允许我重复一遍：让它到来吧许我重复一遍：让它到来吧!Exercises for integrated skills(P10-11)I.Dictation All through these d
27、ark winter months/the enemy have had the power/to drop three or four tons of bombs upon us/for each ton we could send to Germany in return./We are arranging/so that presently this will be rather the other way around,/but meanwhile/London and our big cities have had to stand their pounding./They remi
28、nd me of the British squares at Waterloo./They are not squares of soldiers,/they do not wear scarlet coats;/they are just ordinary English,Scottish and Welsh folk,/men,women and children,/standing steadfastly together./But their spirit is the same,/their glory is the same/and,in the end,/their victo
29、ry will be greater than far-famed Waterloo.II.Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1.since 2.not 3.in 4.against 5.After 6.so 7.of 8.to 9.British 10.beforeListening exercises(P11-12)B.Promise and TragedyI.Kennedys personal life A.A place in legend-along with George Washin
30、gton,Abraham Lincoln,and Thomas Jefferson B.A surprising person-never did things when others were doing them C.Did things earlier than most people 1.Elected to Congress at 29 2.Elected to the White House at 43 D.Mishaps and tragedies 1.War injury 2.Death of a newborn son 3.Assassination at 46II.Kenn
31、edy the international diplomat versus Kennedy the domestic politician A.Effectiveness in international diplomacy 1.Enjoying meeting with the heads of foreign countries and foreign students 2.Having a combination of informality and dignity B.Successes in domestic programs-Congressional approval of:1.
32、Creation of the Peace Corps 2.Raising of the minimum wage 3.Increase of social benefits 4.Support for space flights C.Failures in domestic programs-Congressional disapproval of:1.Free medical care for people over 65 2.Creation of a Department of Urban Affairs for Americas cities 3.Federal aid to edu
33、cation 4.Tax reform and tax reductionIII.Responsibility for legislation benefiting African Americans A.Bill to prohibit racial discrimination 1.In employment 2.In public facilities:public transportation,restaurants,restrooms B.Bill to outlaw school segregation-passed not until after his deathText II
34、 Winston ChurchillKey to questions for discussion(P16)1.Churchill stepped onto the world stage at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 in the capacity of the First Lord of the Admiralty of Great Britain.2.Because he knew very well that his country alone was not demographically,industrially or
35、 financially strong enough to win the victory of the war against the Nazis and the intervention of the USA,the most powerful country in the world,would bring the war to its end much sooner.3.Ever since he became the premier of his country,Churchill placed his hope of final victory on the interventio
36、n of the USA.In order to get the USA involved in the war,he established a personal relationship with President Roosevelt.When his request was declined by Roosevelt,he was still optimistic and believed that things would work his way.The later development of the world situation proved that he was figh
37、t.Homework Assignment 1.Review Unit 1:I.Intensive reading:An Integrated English Course 4-Unit 1 II.Extensive reading:College English Reading Course 4-Unit 1 III.Listening and speaking:New Horizon College English 4-Units 1-2 IV.Focus listening 4-Lessons 1-2 Try to remember the words and expressions learnt in this unit by speaking,writing and reading more.2.Preview Unit 2.
